CN112238665B - 托盘基材及其制备工艺 - Google Patents

托盘基材及其制备工艺 Download PDF

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CN112238665B
CN112238665B CN202011100291.3A CN202011100291A CN112238665B CN 112238665 B CN112238665 B CN 112238665B CN 202011100291 A CN202011100291 A CN 202011100291A CN 112238665 B CN112238665 B CN 112238665B
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CN112238665A (zh
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汪俭保
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Kunshan Gala Shine Precision Electronic Technology Co ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/022Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the choice of material
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/16Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers
    • B29C48/18Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers the components being layers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/30Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
    • B32B27/302Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers comprising aromatic vinyl (co)polymers, e.g. styrenic (co)polymers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/30Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
    • B32B27/308Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers comprising acrylic (co)polymers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/32Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2023/00Use of polyalkenes or derivatives thereof as moulding material
    • B29K2023/04Polymers of ethylene
    • B29K2023/06PE, i.e. polyethylene
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2023/00Use of polyalkenes or derivatives thereof as moulding material
    • B29K2023/04Polymers of ethylene
    • B29K2023/08Copolymers of ethylene
    • B29K2023/083EVA, i.e. ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2023/00Use of polyalkenes or derivatives thereof as moulding material
    • B29K2023/10Polymers of propylene
    • B29K2023/12PP, i.e. polypropylene
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2025/00Use of polymers of vinyl-aromatic compounds or derivatives thereof as moulding material
    • B29K2025/04Polymers of styrene
    • B29K2025/06PS, i.e. polystyrene
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29LINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2009/00Layered products
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W90/00Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
    • Y02W90/10Bio-packaging, e.g. packing containers made from renewable resources or bio-plastics

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Abstract

本发明揭示了托盘基材及其制备工艺,托盘基材包括中间基层,设置在中间基层两侧的弹性缓冲层,弹性缓冲层上设有支撑层,支撑层上设有表面保护层,中间基层、弹性缓冲层、支撑层及表面保护层多层共挤成型,中间基层为PS基材层、弹性缓冲层为EVA基材层、支撑层为PP基材层、表面保护层为PE基材层。本发明采用共挤式托盘基材,将中间基层、弹性缓冲层、支撑层及表面保护层相层状熔融结合一体,满足热压成托盘的基材需求,热压抗拉伸断裂性能较优,能提供冲击缓冲、表面接触保护、及框架结构强度。提供了各共挤层粒子配方,满足各层之间的互联配合需求,相结合牢固稳定,同时具备热压成型应力均匀特点,提高了成型托盘的质量稳定性。

Description

托盘基材及其制备工艺
技术领域
本发明涉及托盘基材及其制备工艺,属于托盘复合高分子材料的技术领域。
背景技术
托盘是工业生产中涉及的一种运输载体,用于装载产品或工件进行运输运转,其一般具备多个装载位,装载位包括凸起或沉槽结构。托盘又包括单层托盘和叠层托盘,其中叠层托盘需要进行相配合设计,并且叠层时需要留有中间腔位,因此对叠层托盘的结构强度要求较高,传统采用ABS塑料或者PS塑料作为托盘基材。
而一些特殊产品例如化妆品等对托盘有特殊要求,其外表面具备精美涂层和耐氧化层,即要求对承载物的外表面进行保护,防止承载物外表面损伤,一般外表面损伤包括摩擦损伤和静电损伤,传统方式采用喷涂或贴覆柔性保护层的方式,一方面增加了制作成本,另一方面对环保存在影响,且托盘的耐用性较差,影响托盘的重复使用寿命。
发明内容
本发明的目的是解决上述现有技术的不足,针对传统托盘基材单一无法满足保护承载产品的问题,提出托盘基材及其制备工艺。
为了达到上述目的,本发明所采用的技术方案为:
托盘基材,包括中间基层,设置在所述中间基层两侧的弹性缓冲层,所述弹性缓冲层上设有支撑层,所述支撑层上设有表面保护层,所述中间基层、弹性缓冲层、支撑层及表面保护层多层共挤成型,
所述中间基层为PS基材层、所述弹性缓冲层为EVA基材层、所述支撑层为PP基材层、所述表面保护层为PE基材层。
优选地,所述托盘基材由HIPS、GPPS、EPS、PP、TPU、LDPE、HDPE、LLDPE原料颗粒组成,
所述PS基材层按照质量百分比包括10份GPPS、2~3份HIPS、及0.5份EPS;
所述EVA基材层按照质量百分比包括10份EVA、0.5~1份LLDPE;
所述PP基材层按照质量百分比包括10份PP、0.5~1份EPS、1~2份HDPE;
所述PE基材层按照质量百分比包括10份LLDPE、6~8份LDPE、1~2份HDPE。
优选地,至少一侧所述PE基材层的表面具备辊压物理发泡层。
优选地,所述PS基材层的厚度为0.3mm~1.5mm,所述EVA基材层的厚度为0.05~0.3mm。
本发明还提出了托盘基材的其制备工艺,
S1分层称重配比,按照PS基材层、EVA基材层、PP基材层、PE基材层的原料粒子和配比进行称重,并进行单层物料混合均匀;
S2投料,通过分别投入挤出机进行膜材挤出,并且挤出机共用复合模头;
S3挤出成膜,形成七层拱挤托盘基材。
优选地,所述PE基材层的表面具备辊压物理发泡层,
包括S4发泡,挤出托盘基材控温至85±10℃,通过辊压在PE基材层上形成所述辊压物理发泡层。
本发明的有益效果主要体现在:
1.采用共挤式托盘基材,将中间基层、弹性缓冲层、支撑层及表面保护层相层状熔融结合一体,满足热压成托盘的基材需求,热压抗拉伸断裂性能较优,能提供冲击缓冲、表面接触保护、及框架结构强度。
2.提供了各共挤层粒子配方,满足各层之间的互联配合需求,相结合牢固稳定,同时具备热压成型应力均匀特点,提高了成型托盘的质量稳定性。
3.具备PE发泡层,在保持抗拉伸断裂特性下具备较优地柔性贴合特性,满足特殊产品外表面接触保护需求。
附图说明
图1是本发明托盘基材的层状结构示意图。
具体实施方式
本发明提供托盘基材及其制备工艺。以下结合附图对本发明技术方案进行详细描述,以使其更易于理解和掌握。
托盘基材,如图1所示,包括中间基层1,设置在中间基层1两侧的弹性缓冲层2,弹性缓冲层2上设有支撑层3,支撑层3上设有表面保护层4,中间基层、弹性缓冲层、支撑层及表面保护层多层共挤成型。
中间基层1为PS基材层、弹性缓冲层为EVA基材层、支撑层为PP基材层、表面保护层为PE基材层。
具体地说明,PS基材层主要提供结构强度,满足成型托盘的牢固度需求,同时其具备非常优异地热压拉伸性能,满足压制成凹凸结构的拉伸需求。弹性缓冲层起到弹性缓冲作用,具备抗冲击特点。PP基材层一方面用于热压成盘时的仿形支撑,有效防止载槽出现形变,另一方面能起到与EVA基材层和PE基材层复合需求。PE基材层主要起到接触保护及耐腐蚀等功能性作用。通过多层共挤成型一体,在热压成盘过程中不易产生脱层现象。
在一个具体实施例中,托盘基材由HIPS、GPPS、EPS、PP、TPU、LDPE、HDPE、LLDPE原料颗粒组成。
其中,PS基材层按照质量百分比包括10份GPPS、2~3份HIPS、及0.5份EPS;EVA基材层按照质量百分比包括10份EVA、0.5~1份LLDPE;PP基材层按照质量百分比包括10份PP、0.5~1份EPS、1~2份HDPE;PE基材层按照质量百分比包括10份LLDPE、6~8份LDPE、1~2份HDPE。
具体地说明,一般PS基材层采用GPPS颗粒成型,而PS基材层需要与EVA基材层相配合,因此在PS基材中增加了可发性聚苯乙烯EPS、及在EVA基材中添加了LLDPE,PS基材与EVA基材层共挤成型过程中,EPS能与EVA基材层产生较优地粘接力,而LLDPE同样起到一定粘合作用,另外LLDPE还能使得EVA基材层具备抗拉伸断裂作用,满足托盘基材热压成型过程中EVA基材层的延展拉伸成型需求,保持EVA基材层完整连续,提供较为可靠的缓冲支撑。
PP基材层主要用于PE基材层的衬底,其通过EPS和HDPE的添加,使其与EVA基材层结合可靠稳定,同时能提供热压成盘时的内应力均匀,有效防止EVA基材层、PP基材层拉伸断裂,确保托盘层状材料结构稳定。
PE基材层提供表面接触保护,主要功能成分是LDPE,其具备耐冲击强度等特性,而通过LLDPE和HDPE组分配合,能使得PE基材层具备抗拉伸撕裂,同时具备可靠的机械强度,起到外表层保护的作用。
另外,当托盘基材成型托盘为双层或更多层复合时,PE基材层之间具备非常优异地热复合粘结特点,尤其是在一些内部存在密封腔室的托盘设计中,该PE基材层的热复合能提供非常可靠的密封粘合拼接。
在一个具体实施例中,至少一侧PE基材层4的表面具备辊压物理发泡层5。
由于PE基材层4需要具备抗拉伸断裂等特性,因此会对其表面柔软性产生影响,当承托品需要更好的表面保护时,在其表面成型辊压物理发泡层5,从而满足特定需求。
具体实施例中,PS基材层的厚度为0.3mm~1.5mm,EVA基材层的厚度为0.05~0.3mm。上述颗粒组成主要用于PS基材层和EVA基材层此范围内托盘基材成型。
对本案中托盘基材的制备工艺进行细化说明:
S1分层称重配比,按照PS基材层、EVA基材层、PP基材层、PE基材层的原料粒子和配比进行称重,并进行单层物料混合均匀;
S2投料,通过分别投入挤出机进行膜材挤出,并且挤出机共用复合模头;
S3挤出成膜,形成七层拱挤托盘基材。
共挤成型属于现有技术,主要是单层物料选材,从而形成七层拱挤托盘基材。
在一个具体实施例中,PE基材层的表面具备辊压物理发泡层,在挤出托盘基材控温至85±10℃,通过辊压在PE基材层上形成辊压物理发泡层5。
具体地说明,PE基材层的辊压物理发泡层5实现一般需要至少达到135℃的发泡温度,采用控制挤出材料温度,从而满足其物理发泡需求,形成一层较为密集的辊压物理发泡层5,在后续热压成盘后依然保持较优地柔软特性,提供较为可靠地柔性贴合保护。另外,需要说明的是,该托盘基材存在一定地耐温区间,当冷却再预热时,会产生一定地形变,因此,辊压物理发泡层5成型需要利用挤出余温进行,不适宜回温处理。
通过以上描述可以发现,本发明托盘基材及其制备工艺,采用共挤式托盘基材,将中间基层、弹性缓冲层、支撑层及表面保护层相层状熔融结合一体,满足热压成托盘的基材需求,热压抗拉伸断裂性能较优,能提供冲击缓冲、表面接触保护、及框架结构强度。提供了各共挤层粒子配方,满足各层之间的互联配合需求,相结合牢固稳定,同时具备热压成型应力均匀特点,提高了成型托盘的质量稳定性。具备PE发泡层,在保持抗拉伸断裂特性下具备较优地柔性贴合特性,满足特殊产品外表面接触保护需求。
以上对本发明的技术方案进行了充分描述,需要说明的是,本发明的具体实施方式并不受上述描述的限制,本领域的普通技术人员依据本发明的精神实质在结构、方法或功能等方面采用等同变换或者等效变换而形成的所有技术方案,均落在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (5)

1.托盘基材,其特征在于:
包括中间基层,设置在所述中间基层两侧的弹性缓冲层,所述弹性缓冲层上设有支撑层,所述支撑层上设有表面保护层,所述中间基层、弹性缓冲层、支撑层及表面保护层多层共挤成型,
所述中间基层为PS基材层、所述弹性缓冲层为EVA基材层、所述支撑层为PP基材层、所述表面保护层为PE基材层;
所述托盘基材由HIPS、GPPS、EPS、PP、EVA、LDPE、HDPE、LLDPE原料颗粒组成,
所述PS基材层按照质量百分比包括10份GPPS、2~3份HIPS、及0.5份EPS;
所述EVA基材层按照质量百分比包括10份EVA、0.5~1份LLDPE;
所述PP基材层按照质量百分比包括10份PP、0.5~1份EPS、1~2份HDPE;
所述PE基材层按照质量百分比包括10份LLDPE、6~8份LDPE、1~2份HDPE。
2.根据权利要求1所述托盘基材,其特征在于:
至少一侧所述PE基材层的表面具备辊压物理发泡层。
3.根据权利要求1所述托盘基材,其特征在于:
所述PS基材层的厚度为0.3mm~1.5mm,所述EVA基材层的厚度为0.05~0.3mm。
4.基于权利要求1~3任意一项 所述托盘基材的制备工艺,其特征在于:
S1分层称重配比,按照PS基材层、EVA基材层、PP基材层、PE基材层的原料粒子和配比进行称重,并进行单层物料混合均匀;
S2投料,通过分别投入挤出机进行膜材挤出,并且挤出机共用复合模头;
S3挤出成膜,形成七层拱挤托盘基材。
5.根据权利要求4所述托盘基材的制备工艺,其特征在于:
所述PE基材层的表面具备辊压物理发泡层,
包括S4发泡,挤出托盘基材控温至85±10℃,通过辊压在PE基材层上形成所述辊压物理发泡层。
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