CN112236308A - 提供改进激光标记对比度的聚烯烃组合物 - Google Patents
提供改进激光标记对比度的聚烯烃组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN112236308A CN112236308A CN201980037242.9A CN201980037242A CN112236308A CN 112236308 A CN112236308 A CN 112236308A CN 201980037242 A CN201980037242 A CN 201980037242A CN 112236308 A CN112236308 A CN 112236308A
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- polyolefin composition
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Abstract
本发明涉及提供改进的激光标记对比度的聚烯烃组合物。它适用于需要对由聚烯烃组合物制成的模塑制品进行精确标记的许多应用,例如作为电线或电缆的外层或用于汽车应用。本发明的聚烯烃组合物包含聚烯烃、0.25至1.0wt%的炭黑和0.001wt%至0.1wt%的荧光增白剂。本发明还涉及包含本发明的聚烯烃组合物的模塑制品。此外,本发明涉及本发明的聚烯烃组合物作为电缆的外层的用途。最后,本发明涉及一种通过激光印刷在模塑制品上引发印刷的方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及提供改进激光标记对比度的聚烯烃组合物。它适用于需要对由聚烯烃组合物制成的模塑制品进行精确标记的许多应用,例如作为电线或电缆的外层或用于汽车应用。本发明还涉及包含本发明的聚烯烃组合物的模塑制品。此外,本发明涉及本发明的聚烯烃组合物作为电缆的外层的用途。最后,本发明涉及在包含本发明的聚烯烃组合物的模塑制品上引发印刷的方法。
背景技术
标记模塑制品是一种持续的需要,以在模塑制品上指示序列号和更多信息。技术人员知晓用于标记由聚烯烃组合物制成的模塑制品(例如基于聚乙烯或聚丙烯的那些)的合适方法,例如常规印刷技术(例如喷墨、压印等)。在通讯和电源电缆领域,为了向安装者提供信息从而正确有效地完成安装,标记是必需的。类似地,在汽车领域中,为了提供有关模塑制品制造商的信息,标记是必需的,因为所使用的特定模塑制品(例如汽车)通常是从多个供应商获得的。此外,模塑制品上通常还需要一些其他数据,例如生产日期、有效期、条形码和公司徽标。
然而,许多应用不适合使用常规印刷技术(例如喷墨、压印等),因为模塑制品的外表面不足以使用常规技术提供印刷,或者由于模塑制品的形状不允许用常规技术进行印刷,例如因为模塑制品表面的相关部分是非平面的。
因此,激光印刷技术的使用变得越来越重要。特别是对于光纤微型电缆(FOC)而言,不适合使用常规印刷技术,因为此种微型电缆的外表面很小。相应地,对微型电缆的需求增加也增加了激光印刷的使用。激光印刷的一个优点在于,与替代印刷技术相比,此种打印可以更高线速度进行,从而提高成本效益。另一个优点在于,与喷墨印刷相反,激光引发的印刷无法通过擦拭或摩擦轻易擦除。然而,利用激光印刷技术,存在使填充模塑制品的较暗的炭黑与较亮的标记之间具有良好对比度的挑战。因此,需要使用激光印刷添加剂(LPA)。
对于电缆制造商而言,LPA的在线混合涉及额外步骤。因此,需要一种聚烯烃组合物,其能提供激光印刷品的更佳对比度并且无需任何额外制造步骤。
EP 0947352 A1公开了一种通过激光束在单组分接收器盖内侧上印刷字符的方法,所述盖由塑料材料制成,该塑料材料包含0.10wt%至1.5wt%的激光束吸收添加剂。
US 6207344 B1公开了一种具有激光标记性能的树脂组合物,该树脂组合物包含聚碳酸酯树脂、有效量的具有尖晶石结构的亚铬酸铜和至多0.05wt%的炭黑,其中所述聚碳酸酯树脂在激光打击区域发泡以在深色背景上的激光打击区域形成浅色标记。
EP 0924095 A1公开了一种标记聚烯烃组合物的方法,该方法包括用YAG激光辐照聚烯烃组合物,每100重量份聚烯烃组合物包含0.1重量份至1.0重量份炭黑,其中炭黑的平均二次粒径不小于150nm。
US 2017/0152372 A1公开了用作激光吸收添加剂的微球,用于标记几种聚合物(例如热塑性聚合物)。所述微球包括分散在聚烯烃载体中的芯-壳颗粒。芯包含由铋化合物和白色颜料和/或浅色或白色矿物填料制成的混合物作为吸收剂,并且包含非烯烃聚合物化合物作为成膜剂;壳包含至少一种增容剂。
然而,仍需要提供一种聚烯烃组合物,其能在由其制成的模塑制品上提供改进的激光标记(其由激光印刷施加)对比度。
发明内容
本发明基于以下发现:可通过提供包含乙烯或丙烯均聚物或共聚物、炭黑和荧光增白剂的聚烯烃组合物,来实现该目的。
本发明的聚烯烃组合物的优点是在由其制成的模塑制品上提供改进的激光标记(其由激光印刷施加)对比度。
因此,一方面,本发明涉及聚烯烃组合物,其包含:
(A)聚烯烃;
(B)炭黑,以聚烯烃组合物的重量计,所述炭黑的量为0.25wt%至1.0wt%;以及
(C)荧光增白剂,以聚烯烃组合物的重量计,所述荧光增白剂的量为0.001wt%至0.1wt%。
根据本发明的一个优选实施方式,聚烯烃组合物还包含:
(D)UV剂,以聚烯烃组合物的重量计,所述UV剂的量为0.1wt%至1.0wt%。
应注意,在现有技术的用作光纤微型电缆(FOC)护套(外层)的聚烯烃组合物中,炭黑的量为至少2.5wt%。为给护套层提供足够的紫外线稳定性,此种炭黑的量是必需的。
如果本发明的聚烯烃组合物的特定应用有需要,可添加UV剂以补偿炭黑的缺乏(即炭黑的量相对较少),从而提供足够的UV线防护。
聚烯烃(A)
优选地,聚烯烃(A)选自:乙烯均聚物、乙烯共聚物、丙烯均聚物、丙烯共聚物、乙烯均聚物和乙烯共聚物的共混物,以及丙烯均聚物和丙烯共聚物的共混物。
乙烯均聚物、乙烯共聚物、丙烯均聚物和丙烯共聚物可以分别由一种以上均聚物或共聚物组成,即,分子量分布不同的两种均聚物、分子量分布和/或共聚单体的含量和/或类型不同的两种共聚物。共混物中的均聚物和共聚物的计数(counts)相同。此外,在这些共混物中,均聚物和共聚物的分子量分布也可不同。
如本文所用,术语“乙烯均聚物”和“丙烯均聚物”分别涉及聚乙烯或聚丙烯,该聚乙烯或聚丙烯分别基本上由(即至少99.5wt%,更优选至少99.8wt%)的乙烯单元或丙烯单元组成。在一个优选实施方式中,聚合中分别仅使用乙烯单元或丙烯单元。在一个优选实施方式中,在乙烯均聚物或丙烯均聚物中分别仅检测到乙烯单元或丙烯单元。共聚单体含量可通过13C NMR光谱法测定。
如本文所用,术语“共聚物”涵盖由至少两种(即两种、三种或更多种)不同单体的共聚获得的聚合物,即本文所用术语“共聚物”的确不排除例如由三种不同单体共聚获得的所谓的三元共聚物。
本发明的聚烯烃组合物中聚烯烃(A)的含量通常为90wt%以上,优选为95wt%以上,更优选为98wt%以上,进一步更优选为98.5wt%以上。本发明的聚烯烃组合物中聚烯烃(A)的含量通常为99.5wt%以下。
合适的乙烯均聚物是低密度聚乙烯(LDPE,密度为0.910g/cm3至0.940g/cm3)和高密度聚乙烯(HDPE,密度为0.941g/cm3以上)。后者优选用于电缆应用。
合适的乙烯均聚物的熔体流动速率优选为0.2g/10min至3.0g/10min,更优选为0.2g/10min至2.0g/10min。
合适的乙烯共聚物是线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE,密度为0.915g/cm3至0.925g/cm3)和极低密度聚乙烯(VLDPE,密度为0.880g/cm3至0.915g/cm3)。合适的共聚单体是C3-C12α-烯烃,优选1-丁烯、1-己烯、4-甲基-1-戊烯和/或1-辛烯。
合适的丙烯均聚物是高全同立构丙烯均聚物。
合适的丙烯共聚物是与乙烯和/或C4-C12α-烯烃(优选乙烯、1-丁烯、1-己烯、4-甲基-1-戊烯和/或1-辛烯)的共聚物(即无规共聚物和嵌段共聚物)。合适的丙烯共聚物包括具有基质的耐冲共聚物,该基质是丙烯均聚物或其中分散有乙烯-丙烯橡胶(EPR)的丙烯无规共聚物。
聚烯烃(A)可以为单峰或双峰。
优选地,本发明的聚烯烃(A)为双峰;更优选地,本发明的聚烯烃为多峰聚乙烯,该多峰聚乙烯由低分子量的乙烯均聚物与乙烯和丁烯、4-甲基-1-戊烯,1-己烯或1-辛烯的高分子量共聚物混合而成。
对于电缆应用,根据本发明,合适的聚烯烃(A)是具有护套技术领域所需性能的聚烯烃,即提供低收缩率、高耐环境应力开裂性(ESCR)和低挠曲模量的聚烯烃。因此,本发明的聚烯烃(A)优选具有以下ESCR性能:F10>1500小时,更优选>8000小时;并且F1>700小时,更优选>3000小时。在此方面,本发明的聚烯烃(A)可以为高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)或聚丙烯。
炭黑(B)
技术人员知晓作为聚烯烃组合物中添加剂的炭黑。
本发明的含有0.25wt%至1.0wt%炭黑的聚烯烃组合物提供了浅色可见标记,其与黑色的深色背景形成良好对比。据认为,激光束辐射将炭黑分解成挥发性成分。这些挥发性成分以及从激光束吸收的热量使表面发泡,从而散射光并留下浅色印记。本发明的含有0.25wt%至1.0wt%炭黑的聚烯烃组合物表现出优异的激光标记性能。在存在更高量的炭黑的情况下,激光标记效率劣化;当炭黑的量高于1.0wt%时,对比度较差。
优选地,聚烯烃组合物中炭黑的量为0.25wt%至0.75wt%,更优选为0.25wt%至0.5wt%。
根据本发明,炭黑可以以母料的形式加入,其中炭黑分散在合适的基质(例如聚烯烃基质)中。或者,可直接添加炭黑。
紫外线剂(D)
如上所述,应注意,在相当低的炭黑负载量(例如,碳黑的负载量低于2.5wt%)下,则可能因紫外线辐射导致基础树脂(聚烯烃)降解。例如,这从形成光纤微型电缆(FOC)的外层的聚烯烃组合物可知。在暴露于UV线的情况下,可通过提供包含UV吸收剂以及最佳量的炭黑的聚烯烃组合物来解决该问题。
以聚烯烃组合物的重量计,UV剂的量合适地为0.1wt%至1.0wt%,优选为0.2wt%至0.5wt%,最优选为0.2wt%至0.3wt%。
合适的紫外线剂是苯甲酸酯、三唑、三嗪或受阻胺。特别地,等量的琥珀酸二甲酯聚合物与4-羟基-2,2,6,6-四甲基-1-哌啶醇和聚[[6-[(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)氨基]-1,3,5-三嗪-2,4-二基][(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)亚氨基]-1,6-己二基[(2,2,6,6-四甲基]-4-哌啶基)亚氨基]](Tinuvin 783 FDL,购自BASF)的混合物可用作UV剂。
荧光增白剂(C)
荧光增白剂为技术人员已知,其为吸收电磁光谱的紫外和紫色区域的光(即约300-430nm)并通过荧光重新发射紫色和蓝色区域的光(即约400-500nm)的化合物。
例如,本发明可用的荧光增白剂为属于4,4'-双(2-苯并恶唑基)二苯乙烯及其衍生物所代表的类别的那些(例如芳环上具有烷基取代基的那些),以及属于2,5-双(苯并恶唑-2-基)噻吩及其衍生物所代表的类别的那些(例如芳环上具有烷基取代基的那些)。US2009/0137445 A1第[0004]段中公开了其他荧光增白剂。特别优选的荧光增白剂是2,5-双(5-叔丁基-苯并恶唑-2-基)噻吩,也称为2,5-二基双(5-叔丁基-1,3-苯并恶唑)噻吩(CAS号7128-64-5)。
可替代使用或补充使用的其他已知荧光增白剂是US 2009/0137445 A1中公开的那些,即基于所谓的无机磷光体的无机荧光增白剂,即合成生产的粒径分布优选为0.01μm至20μm的晶体化合物;其中,所述无机磷光体优选选自硫化物和硒化物、氧硫化物、氧主导的磷光体和卤化物磷光体,更优选选自BaMgAl10O17:Eu、BaMg2Al16O27:Eu、Sr3Ca2(PO4)3Cl:Eu和(SrBaCa)5(PO4)3Cl:Eu,其中铕的含量为0.1mol%至0.5mol%。
如上所述,以聚烯烃组合物的重量计,荧光增白剂的存在量为0.001wt%至0.1wt%,优选为0.001wt%至0.05wt%,更优选为0.001wt%至0.03wt%,进一步更优选为0.003wt%至0.03wt%。
聚烯烃组合物
本发明的聚烯烃组合物的密度可为0.915g/cm3至0.955g/cm3,优选为0.920g/cm3至0.950g/cm3。
本发明的聚烯烃组合物可包含其他常用添加剂,以本发明的聚烯烃组合物的重量计,优选地,其他常用添加剂的总量总共不超过5wt%;即聚烯烃(A)、炭黑(B)和荧光增白剂(C)的含量之和为至少95wt%,或者在上述优选实施方式中,聚烯烃(A)、炭黑(B)、荧光增白剂(C)和紫外线剂(D)的含量之和为至少95wt%。
本发明的聚烯烃组合物还可包含抗氧化剂,例如空间位阻酚、磷系抗氧化剂,硫系抗氧化剂、氮系抗氧化剂或它们的混合物。特别地,等量的四(3-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸)季戊四醇酯和三(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)亚磷酸酯(Irganox B225)的混合物可用作抗氧化剂。
本发明的聚烯烃组合物还可包含抗静电剂,例如硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸钠或硬脂酸锌。
模塑制品
另一方面,本发明涉及一种模塑制品,该模塑制品包含上述本发明的聚烯烃组合物、优选由上述本发明的聚烯烃组合物(包括所有优选实施方式)组成。
例如,合适的模塑制品是汽车零件或(例如电源)电线或电缆或通信电线或电缆的外层。
根据一个特别优选实施方式,本发明的模塑制品是电线或电缆的外层,特别是光纤微型电缆(FOC)的外层,即电缆护套。
另一方面,本发明涉及一种电缆,该电缆包括外层,该外层包含上述本发明的聚烯烃组合物、优选由上述本发明的聚烯烃组合物(包括所有优选实施方式)组成。
激光印刷
另一方面,本发明涉及在模塑制品(优选电缆外层)上引发印刷的方法,其中,所述模塑制品包含上述本发明的聚烯烃组合物、优选由上述本发明的聚烯烃组合物(包括所有优选实施方式)组成,所述印刷由激光辐射引发。
根据本发明,合适的激光器是可用于引发印刷的任何常规激光器。此种激光器为本领域技术人员公知。激光频率可为20kHz至100kHz,功率可为2W至50W(优选3W至20W、更优选4.5W至13W)。
通过使用本发明的聚烯烃组合物作为电缆(特别是光纤微型电缆(FOC))的外层,可通过激光印刷获得清楚且明显的印刷,而无需添加印刷增强剂,从而得到优异且具有成本效益的生产工艺,并消除了现有技术的缺点。这些优点也适用于其他模塑制品。
聚烯烃组合物的用途
另一方面,本发明涉及上述本发明的聚烯烃组合物(包括所有优选实施方式)作为电缆外层的用途。
以下通过实施例进一步说明本发明。
具体实施方式
1.定义/测量方法
除非另有定义,否则术语的以下定义和测定方法适用于本发明的以上一般描述以及以下实施例。
密度
密度根据ISO 1183-1–方法A(2004)测得。根据ISO 1872-2:2007通过压塑成型进行样品制备。
挠曲模量
挠曲模量根据ISO 178:2010/Amd.1:2013测得。
熔体流动速率
聚乙烯的熔体流动速率MFR2根据ISO 1133在190℃、2.16kg载荷下测得。聚丙烯的熔体流动速率MFR2根据ISO 1133在230℃、2.16kg载荷下测得。
光强度
样品(正方形)的光强度如下测得。该方法也概括地描述于共同未决的国际专利申请PCT/EP2019/065328中。
用Keyence VHX-5000显微镜以物镜50x(即Z20:X50)收集图像。曝光时间固定为14ms,在此种显微镜中,这明确标识了要使用的照明设备的设置。特别地,使用显微镜随附的标准LED环。为了获得具有唯一强度值的图像,以单色(即黑&白)方式收集图像。不应使用扩散器。显微镜软件中的其他设置(例如对比度或锐度增加器或放大器)都未采用,因为这可能会以不受控制的方式改变图像。对于激光印刷的各个设置,均在打印区域内选择一个500x500像素2的正方形。随后计算强度分布的直方图,用中值滤波器3进行处理以使其形状平滑。用高斯曲线拟合该分布,记录每个正方形的高斯曲线的中心。
2.实施例
实施例中使用了以下材料和化合物。
PE2用作基础树脂,其已包含0.2wt%抗氧化剂、0.15wt%抗静电剂和0.3wt%UV剂。
使用PE1作为炭黑母料(MB)制备了三个样品,其中PE1与基础树脂PE2的配混量应使三个样品中每个样品的最终组合物中炭黑的量为0.5wt%(参见表1)。比较例CE1的样品中未添加荧光增白剂。发明实施例IE1和IE2的样品中添加了荧光增白剂。
在ZSK 18 MEGAlab实验室双螺杆挤出机上用以下条件进行配混:速度200rpm;熔化温度175℃至190℃;压力45巴至50巴;产量5kg/h。采用注塑成型法,在Engel ES 700H/80V/700H/250 3K机器上由所得组合物制得尺寸为150mm×80mm×3mm的板,条件如下:注塑速度11mm/s;注塑时间3.4秒;开关压力66巴;背压保持时间15秒;冷却时间20秒;循环时间45秒;熔化温度150℃;模具温度50℃。
表1:实例的组合物
“+”表示PE2中这些化合物的存在
使用激光机“SpeedMarker 700,20W光纤激光器”进行激光标记。对于标记,使用频率20kHz至100kHz、在20W的5%至70%之间变化的功率。速度保持恒定在2000mm/s。
图1-3显示了激光印刷样品(激光扫描:2次扫描)。图1显示了CE1,图2显示了IE1,图3显示了IE2。
每个正方形表示上述范围内的频率与功率的组合。样品是由人目测评估。在存在0.01wt%荧光增白剂的情况下,可获得高对比度质量(图2,IE1);不过,在存在0.005wt%荧光增白剂的情况下,对比度质量已很好(图3,IE2)。本发明的样品具有更亮的外观并因此具有相对于黑色背景更高的对比度。
此外,通过上述客观测量方法来评估样品的光强度。结果:本发明的样品具有更高的光强度,因此相对于黑色背景具有更高的对比度。下表2中分别给出了所有三个样品CE1、IE1和IE2的光强度最高的正方形的光强度结果。表2对正方形进行了编号,除给出正方形编号之外,还在对应的图4至6(对应于图1至3)中标出了编号。相应地,图4显示了CE1,图5显示了IE1,图6显示了IE2。
表2:光强度最高的各个正方形的所测光强度
此外,所有正方形的客观测量方法的结果也显示于图7和8。图7显示了IE1与CE1的比较。图8显示了IE2与CE1的比较。图上光强度最高的点被标记为黑色。
从这些结果可以得出,与比较例CE1相比,本发明例IE1和IE2的光强度更高。
Claims (15)
1.聚烯烃组合物,其中,所述聚烯烃组合物包含:
(A)聚烯烃;
(B)炭黑,以所述聚烯烃组合物的重量计,所述炭黑的量为0.25wt%至1.0wt%;以及
(C)荧光增白剂,以所述聚烯烃组合物的重量计,所述荧光增白剂的量为0.001wt%至0.1wt%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的聚烯烃组合物,其中,所述聚烯烃选自:乙烯均聚物、乙烯共聚物、丙烯均聚物、丙烯共聚物、乙烯均聚物和乙烯共聚物的共混物,以及丙烯均聚物和丙烯共聚物的共混物。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的聚烯烃组合物,其中,所述乙烯共聚物是乙烯与C3-C12α-烯烃的共聚物。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的聚烯烃组合物,其中,所述丙烯共聚物是丙烯与乙烯和/或C4-C12α-烯烃的共聚物。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的聚烯烃组合物,其中,所述聚烯烃是高密度聚乙烯HDPE。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的聚烯烃组合物,其中,所述聚烯烃是聚丙烯。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的聚烯烃组合物,其中,以所述聚烯烃组合物的重量计,炭黑的量为0.25wt%至0.75wt%,优选为0.25wt%至0.5wt%。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的聚烯烃组合物,其中,以所述聚烯烃组合物的重量计,所述荧光增白剂的量为0.001wt%至0.05wt%,优选为0.003wt%至0.03wt%。
9.根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的聚烯烃组合物,其中,所述荧光增白剂为2,5-二基双(5-叔丁基-1,3-苯并恶唑)噻吩。
10.根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的聚烯烃组合物,其中,所述聚烯烃组合物还包含:
(D)UV剂,以所述聚烯烃组合物的重量计,所述UV剂的量为0.1wt%至1.0wt%。
11.模塑制品,其中,所述模塑制品包含权利要求1至10中任一项所述的聚烯烃组合物,优选地,所述模塑制品由权利要求1至10中任一项所述的聚烯烃组合物组成。
12.根据权利要求11所述的模塑制品,其中,所述模塑制品是电缆的外层。
13.电缆,其中,所述电缆包含外层,所述外层包含权利要求1至10中任一项所述的聚烯烃组合物,优选地,所述外层由权利要求1至10中任一项所述的聚烯烃组合物组成。
14.在权利要求11或12所述的模塑制品上引发印刷的方法,其中,所述印刷由激光辐射引发。
15.权利要求1至10中任一项所述的聚烯烃组合物作为电缆的外层的用途。
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EP18178466.1A EP3584089A1 (en) | 2018-06-19 | 2018-06-19 | Polyolefin composition providing improved contrast of laser marks |
PCT/EP2019/065371 WO2019243134A1 (en) | 2018-06-19 | 2019-06-12 | Polyolefin composition providing improved contrast of laser marks |
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IL279176A (en) | 2021-01-31 |
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US20210214533A1 (en) | 2021-07-15 |
RU2759596C1 (ru) | 2021-11-15 |
EP3810433A1 (en) | 2021-04-28 |
AU2019290964A1 (en) | 2020-11-19 |
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