CN112219667A - Annual matching planting method for fresh broad beans, fresh corns and fresh soybeans - Google Patents
Annual matching planting method for fresh broad beans, fresh corns and fresh soybeans Download PDFInfo
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- CN112219667A CN112219667A CN202011098229.5A CN202011098229A CN112219667A CN 112219667 A CN112219667 A CN 112219667A CN 202011098229 A CN202011098229 A CN 202011098229A CN 112219667 A CN112219667 A CN 112219667A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
Abstract
The invention discloses a year-round matching planting method for fresh broad beans, fresh corns and fresh soybeans, which adopts an interplanting mode from the year-round angle to shorten the planting period, improve the multiple cropping index and ensure that the stubble is connected tightly; promoting the growth of the fresh corn by utilizing the crop competition complementary relationship; the fresh broad beans are planted on the corn straw farmland returning ditches, so that the self-toxicity effect of the fresh broad beans is effectively relieved; the nitrogen fixation and soil culture capability of soybean and broad bean is exerted, and the using amount of the corn nitrogen fertilizer is reduced by a hole-application deep application mode; fresh-eating soybeans are planted on the fertilizer efficiency belt of the corns after the corns are harvested, the remaining fertilizer is fully utilized by the corns, the annual fertilizer utilization rate is improved, and in addition, the combination of land utilization and soil cultivation is realized by adopting a field returning method of fresh-eating broad bean straws and green corn straws. The invention solves the problems of unreasonable light and temperature resource matching, un-combination of land cultivation and unfavorable sustainable development in the existing agricultural soybean and corn production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of crop cultivation, and particularly relates to a year-round matched planting method for fresh broad beans, fresh corns and fresh soybeans.
Background
The Yangtze river downstream area has high population density and developed economy, the dietary structure of people is changed, and the market demand of nutritional type and health-care type foods is gradually increased. The planting structure in production also changes according to market demands, the planting habit of soybeans and corns is changed from harvesting dry seed planting to harvesting fresh food ears, fresh pods and the like, but the problems of unreasonable light and temperature resource matching, un-combined land cultivation and the like exist in production, and the sustainable development is not facilitated.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the fresh broad beans, the fresh corns and the annual matching planting method of the fresh soybeans are provided, so that the problems that light and temperature resources are unreasonably matched, the land cultivation is not combined and the sustainable development is not facilitated in the existing agricultural soybean and corn production are solved.
In order to realize the purpose, the annual matching planting method of the fresh broad beans, the fresh corns and the fresh soybeans comprises the following steps:
planting fresh broad beans in wide and narrow rows in a field;
in the next year, a plurality of rows of fresh-eating corns are planted in the wide-row inner sleeves of the fresh-eating broad beans, the row direction of the fresh-eating corns and the row direction of the fresh-eating broad beans are arranged in the same direction, facility fertilizer ditches are arranged between two adjacent rows of the fresh-eating corns, and fertilizer is scattered in the fertilizer ditches and covered with soil to form a fertilizer efficiency zone;
after the pods of the fresh broad beans are picked, spreading the straws of the fresh broad beans in the narrow rows of the fresh broad beans;
after the corncobs of the fresh-eating corns are harvested, arranging buried ditches in the narrow rows, cutting the residual straws of the fresh-eating broad beans and the straws of the fresh-eating corns, burying the cut straws and the straws in the buried ditches, and covering soil to form a rotting belt for planting the fresh-eating broad beans in the next year;
after the straws of the fresh-eating corns are cut and buried, the fresh-eating soybeans are planted in the fertilizer efficiency zone, and bean pods of the fresh-eating soybeans are picked before the fresh-eating broad beans are planted in the next year.
Further, after the pods of the fresh-eating soybeans are picked, the straws of the fresh-eating soybeans are cut up, turned over and returned to the field.
Further, the width of the wide rows of the fresh broad beans is 133cm, and the width of the narrow rows of the fresh broad beans is 67 cm.
Furthermore, two rows of the fresh-eating corns are planted in the middle in the wide rows of the fresh-eating broad beans.
Further, the buried trench is arranged in the narrow row in the center, the width of the buried trench is 33cm, and the depth of the buried trench is 25 cm.
The method has the advantages that the method for planting the fresh broad beans, the fresh corns and the fresh soybeans in a matched manner all the year round shortens the planting period by adopting an interplanting mode all the year round, improves the cropping index and ensures that stubble links are close; promoting the growth of the fresh corn by utilizing the crop competition complementary relationship; the fresh broad beans are planted on the corn straw farmland returning ditches, so that the self-toxicity effect of the fresh broad beans is effectively relieved; the dry seeds of corn, soybean and broad bean crops are changed into fresh foods, so that the planting economic benefit is fully improved; the nitrogen fixation and soil cultivation capabilities of soybean and broad bean are exerted, and the using amount of the corn nitrogen fertilizer is reduced by a hole-fertilization deep application mode; the fresh soybean is planted on the fertilizer efficiency belt of the corn after the corn is harvested, the remaining fertilizer is fully utilized by the corn, and the annual fertilizer utilization rate is improved. In addition, the fresh broad bean, the fresh corn and the fresh soybean are planted in a matched manner all the year round by returning the fresh broad bean straws and the green corn straws to the field, so that the combination of land cultivation and land cultivation is realized.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the present application will become more apparent upon reading of the following detailed description of non-limiting embodiments thereof, made with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the annual mating planting evolution of fresh broad beans, fresh corns and fresh soybeans in the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the position deviation of the planting rows of the fresh broad beans in the year and the next year according to the embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The present application will be described in further detail with reference to the following drawings and examples. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the relevant invention and not restrictive of the invention. It should be noted that, for convenience of description, only the portions related to the present invention are shown in the drawings.
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the annual matching planting evolution of fresh broad beans, fresh corns and fresh soybeans in the embodiment of the invention, and fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the positional deviation of the planted rows of the fresh broad beans in the current year and the next year in the embodiment of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the invention provides a annually matched planting method for fresh broad beans, fresh corns and fresh soybeans, which comprises the following steps:
step S1: fresh broad beans 2 are planted in wide and narrow rows in the field 1.
In this embodiment, the planting of wide narrow row is for the planting of the unequal interval between two adjacent lines of fresh broad beans, and two adjacent intervals are a big interval and a booth apart from the setting, and in a field, big interval and booth apart from setting up in turn.
Specifically, the width of the wide row a of the fresh broad beans 2 is 133cm, and the width of the narrow row b of the fresh broad beans 2 is 67 cm.
The distance between the holes of the fresh broad beans is fixed to be 25cm, and each hole is provided with 2 broad bean plants.
Fresh broad beans are planted in middle and last ten days of 10 months, basic broad bean seedlings are 5000 plants/mu, broad beans are applied by taking a compound fertilizer with the ratio of N to P to K being 15 to 15 as a base fertilizer, the application amount of the compound fertilizer is 25 kg/mu, drainage ditches are opened in time after sowing, conventional pest control is carried out, and broad beans are topped at the early flowering stage.
Step S2: in the next year, a plurality of rows of fresh-eating corns 3 are planted in the wide rows a of the fresh-eating broad beans 2, the row direction of the fresh-eating corns 3 is arranged in the same direction as the row direction of the fresh-eating broad beans 2, facility fertilizer ditches are arranged between two adjacent rows of the fresh-eating corns 3, and fertilizer is scattered in the fertilizer ditches and covered with soil to form a fertilizer efficiency zone 4.
Fresh corn is planted in the wide row of fresh broad bean in the middle of 4 months of the next year.
As a preferred embodiment, two rows of fresh corn 3 are planted in the middle of the wide rows a of fresh broad beans 2.
The planting row distance between the fresh corn and the fresh broad bean is 45cm, and the row distance between the corns is 43 cm. The distance between fresh corn plants is 16.4cm, and conventional fertilization and pest control are adopted.
Harvesting fresh corn in 7 months. The corn is selected from waxy corn varieties, the planting density is 3500 strains/mu, the fresh corn application amount is 50 kg/mu, the seedling fertilizer and the ear fertilizer application amount are respectively 20 kg/mu and 5 kg/mu, the fertilizer is applied between narrow rows of the corn, the hole application is carried out, the deep application is carried out, one hole is applied between 2 holes of corn plants, the distance between the corn plants is about 8cm, the depth is about 10cm, and the conventional pest control is carried out.
Step S3: after the pods are picked from the fresh broad beans 2, the straws of the fresh broad beans 2 are spread in the narrow rows b of the fresh broad beans 2.
Harvesting fresh broad beans at the right moment in the middle of 5 months, and cutting fresh broad bean plants into narrow rows to cover the broad beans and return the broad beans to the field after harvesting the fresh broad beans.
Step S4: after the corncobs of the fresh-eating corns 3 are harvested, buried ditches are formed in the narrow rows b, the residual straws of the fresh-eating broad beans 2 and the straws of the fresh-eating corns 3 are cut and buried in the buried ditches, and soil is covered to form a rotting belt 5 for planting the fresh-eating broad beans 7 in the next year.
Harvesting fresh corn ears from fresh corns in the middle and last ten days of 7 months, and digging and burying ditches in the narrow rows b of the fresh broad beans within 2 days to 3 days after the fresh corn ears are harvested.
In this embodiment, the buried ditch is centrally arranged in the narrow row b, the buried ditch has a ditch depth of 25cm and a ditch width of about 33cm, and the corn stalks are chopped and buried in the ditch and covered with soil to form a rotting belt.
The soil in the rotting zone is rich in organic matters, and nitrogen in the soil can be increased by the residual straws of the fresh broad beans. Organic acid generated by decomposing the green straws of the fresh corn after turning over and pressing can convert insoluble phosphorus and potassium in soil into effective phosphorus and potassium which can be utilized by crops. After the green straws are turned into the soil, the green straws are continuously decomposed under the action of microorganisms, besides a large amount of effective nutrients are released, humus is also formed, the humus and calcium are combined to enable the soil to be cemented into a granular structure, the soil with the granular structure is loose, breathable, strong in water and fertilizer retention, good in water, fertilizer, gas and heat regulation performance and beneficial to crop growth. On the other hand, fresh organic energy substances are added, so that microorganisms can be rapidly propagated, activities are enhanced, the formation of humus is promoted, nutrients are effective, and soil curing is accelerated.
In the middle and last ten days of 10 months, fresh broad beans 7 planted in the next year are planted on the rotting belt, and the fresh corns planted in the next year are buried about 33cm after being harvested, and then the chopped green corn straws are buried in the ditches and returned to the field.
Step S5: after the straws of the fresh corn 3 are cut and buried, the fresh soybean 6 is planted in the fertilizer efficiency zone 4, and the bean pods of the fresh soybean 6 are picked before the fresh broad beans 7 in the next year are planted.
After the pods of the fresh edible soybeans 6 are picked, the straws of the fresh edible soybeans 6 are cut up, turned over and returned to the field.
Referring to fig. 2, the planting rows of the fresh broad beans in the week are temporally and spatially staggered from the planting rows of the fresh broad beans in the next week, which is beneficial to reducing the self-toxicity effect of the fresh broad beans.
According to the year-round matching planting method for the fresh broad beans, the fresh corns and the fresh soybeans, the planting period is shortened by adopting an interplanting mode from the year-round angle, the multiple cropping index is improved, and the stubble connection is tight; promoting the growth of the fresh corn by utilizing the crop competition complementary relationship; the fresh broad beans are planted on the corn straw farmland returning ditches, so that the self-toxicity effect of the fresh broad beans is effectively relieved; the dry seeds of corn, soybean and broad bean crops are changed into fresh foods, so that the planting economic benefit is fully improved; the nitrogen fixation and soil cultivation capabilities of soybean and broad bean are exerted, and the using amount of the corn nitrogen fertilizer is reduced by a hole-fertilization deep application mode; the fresh soybean is planted on the fertilizer efficiency belt of the corn after the corn is harvested, the remaining fertilizer is fully utilized by the corn, and the annual fertilizer utilization rate is improved. In addition, the fresh broad bean, the fresh corn and the fresh soybean are planted in a matched manner all the year round by returning the fresh broad bean straws and the green corn straws to the field, so that the combination of land cultivation and land cultivation is realized.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the application and is illustrative of the principles of the technology employed. It will be appreciated by a person skilled in the art that the scope of the invention as referred to in the present application is not limited to the embodiments with a specific combination of the above-mentioned features, but also covers other embodiments with any combination of the above-mentioned features or their equivalents without departing from the inventive concept. For example, the above features may be replaced with (but not limited to) features having similar functions disclosed in the present application.
Claims (5)
1. A year-round matching planting method for fresh broad beans, fresh corns and fresh soybeans is characterized by comprising the following steps:
planting fresh broad beans in wide and narrow rows in a field;
in the next year, a plurality of rows of fresh-eating corns are planted in the wide-row inner sleeves of the fresh-eating broad beans, the row direction of the fresh-eating corns and the row direction of the fresh-eating broad beans are arranged in the same direction, facility fertilizer ditches are arranged between two adjacent rows of the fresh-eating corns, and fertilizer is scattered in the fertilizer ditches and covered with soil to form a fertilizer efficiency zone;
after the pods of the fresh broad beans are picked, spreading the straws of the fresh broad beans in the narrow rows of the fresh broad beans;
after the corncobs of the fresh-eating corns are harvested, arranging buried ditches in the narrow rows, cutting the residual straws of the fresh-eating broad beans and the straws of the fresh-eating corns, burying the cut straws and the straws in the buried ditches, and covering soil to form a rotting belt for planting the fresh-eating broad beans in the next year;
after the straws of the fresh-eating corns are cut and buried, the fresh-eating soybeans are planted in the fertilizer efficiency zone, and bean pods of the fresh-eating soybeans are picked before the fresh-eating broad beans are planted in the next year.
2. The annually matched planting method of fresh broad beans, fresh corns and fresh soybeans as claimed in claim 1, wherein the stalks of the fresh soybeans are cut up and plowed to return to the field after the pods of the fresh soybeans are picked.
3. The annually matched planting method of fresh broad beans, fresh corns and fresh soybeans according to claim 1, wherein the width of wide rows of the fresh broad beans is 133cm, and the width of narrow rows of the fresh broad beans is 67 cm.
4. The annually matched planting method for the fresh broad beans, the fresh corns and the fresh soybeans according to claim 3, wherein two rows of the fresh corns are planted in the middle of the wide rows of the fresh broad beans.
5. The annually matched planting method of fresh broad beans, fresh corns and fresh soybeans as claimed in claim 3, wherein the buried trench is centrally arranged in the narrow row, the width of the buried trench is 33cm, and the depth of the buried trench is 25 cm.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011098229.5A CN112219667A (en) | 2020-10-14 | 2020-10-14 | Annual matching planting method for fresh broad beans, fresh corns and fresh soybeans |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011098229.5A CN112219667A (en) | 2020-10-14 | 2020-10-14 | Annual matching planting method for fresh broad beans, fresh corns and fresh soybeans |
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| CN112219667A true CN112219667A (en) | 2021-01-15 |
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101438664A (en) * | 2008-12-23 | 2009-05-27 | 中国农业大学 | Method for planting horsebean intercropped with corn |
| CN104186056A (en) * | 2014-08-06 | 2014-12-10 | 天津市农业资源与环境研究所 | Furrow straw ridge cultivation method |
| CN105580622A (en) * | 2015-12-21 | 2016-05-18 | 狄正兴 | Broad bean, corn and soybean triple-cropping straw mulching planting method |
| CN110140615A (en) * | 2019-05-28 | 2019-08-20 | 吴忠市伊禾农机作业服务有限公司 | Beans/vegetables method is planted between corn based on Beidou navigation |
-
2020
- 2020-10-14 CN CN202011098229.5A patent/CN112219667A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101438664A (en) * | 2008-12-23 | 2009-05-27 | 中国农业大学 | Method for planting horsebean intercropped with corn |
| CN104186056A (en) * | 2014-08-06 | 2014-12-10 | 天津市农业资源与环境研究所 | Furrow straw ridge cultivation method |
| CN105580622A (en) * | 2015-12-21 | 2016-05-18 | 狄正兴 | Broad bean, corn and soybean triple-cropping straw mulching planting method |
| CN110140615A (en) * | 2019-05-28 | 2019-08-20 | 吴忠市伊禾农机作业服务有限公司 | Beans/vegetables method is planted between corn based on Beidou navigation |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 刘建: "江苏沿江地区以春玉米为中心多元高效种植制度研究", 《中国农学通报》 * |
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