CN112213799A

CN112213799A - Tandem type precipitation monitoring station and corresponding monitoring method

Info

Publication number: CN112213799A
Application number: CN202011169078.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李海燕; 杨志超; 张雨若; 陈增兴; 宫永伟; 席玥; 荆红卫; 郭婧; 陶蕾
Original assignee: BEIJING CENTER FOR PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL ANALYSIS; Beijing Ecological Environment Monitoring Center; Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Current assignee: BEIJING CENTER FOR PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL ANALYSIS; Beijing Ecological Environment Monitoring Center; Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Priority date: 2020-06-10
Filing date: 2020-10-28
Publication date: 2021-01-12
Anticipated expiration: 2040-10-28
Also published as: CN112213799B

Abstract

A tandem type precipitation monitoring station and a precipitation monitoring method are provided, wherein the precipitation monitoring station comprises a sampling area expansion kit, a monitoring station host, a monitoring station secondary machine and a power supply station; the monitoring station host is connected with the sampling area expansion kit, the monitoring station host is connected with the power supply station, and the monitoring station host is also connected with at least two monitoring station secondary units in series. A sampling inlet is arranged at the upstream of a host of the monitoring station, and the sampling inlet is square, so that the systematic error of the value of pi by a round sampling port is avoided. And a sampling area expansion kit is arranged at the upstream of the sampling inlet. The technical scheme of the invention provides a complete solution to the problems in rainfall monitoring, and can obtain rainfall samples according to the time interval or rainfall requirement while monitoring the rainfall, optimize the sampling port pattern, avoid system errors, provide a detachable sampling port expansion kit and ensure the sampling amount. The sampling port can be closed at regular time or in fixed quantity according to requirements, the liquid level height is measured after standing, and the measurement precision is guaranteed.

Description

Tandem type precipitation monitoring station and corresponding monitoring method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of water treatment, in particular to a rainfall monitoring device and method.

Background

With the steady promotion of the construction of the sponge city and the intelligent city by the country, the requirement on the aspect of urban rainfall monitoring data is higher and higher. By mastering more accurate, more timely and more effective precipitation data, the environment change condition of the city can be analyzed and responded, and long-term planning can be made for future development of the city.

Although the existing rainfall monitoring device can measure rainfall change, part of the existing rainfall monitoring device can collect water samples in the whole rainfall process, but a good coping method cannot be provided for the collection requirement of rainwater in the rainfall process in different time periods. Most of pollutants in the air are very high in content in the early stage of rainfall, but if a rainfall sample is collected in the whole process, the content of the pollutants is not obvious, and an effective conclusion cannot be obtained in the follow-up research and analysis. In addition, most of the existing rainfall monitoring devices adopt a circular sampling port design, and the area of a water sampling port is small, so that system errors are introduced artificially; the operation amount is increased due to excessive numeric values, and the data can still be discarded when finally obtained.

Therefore, the existing monitoring device is difficult to obtain the test sample amount for monitoring all items for rainfall with small rainfall intensity and short rainfall duration; the existing rainfall monitoring device is mostly a straight-through type sampling port, raindrops are dropped on the liquid level in the rainfall process to cause fluctuation, and the precision of measuring the liquid level height can be influenced.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above problems in the prior art, a first aspect of the present invention provides a serial precipitation monitoring station, which includes a sampling area expansion kit, a monitoring station host, a monitoring station secondary machine, and a power supply station; the monitoring station host is connected with the sampling area expansion kit, the monitoring station host is connected with the power supply station, and the monitoring station host is also connected with at least two monitoring station secondary units in series.

Preferably, a sampling inlet is arranged at the upstream of the monitoring station host, and the sampling inlet is square, so that the systematic error of the value of pi by a round sampling port is avoided.

Preferably, a sampling area enlargement kit is provided upstream of the sampling inlet.

In any of the above schemes, preferably, the entrance of the area enlargement kit is rectangular, and the rectangular design can avoid the mutual influence between the devices when the devices are installed in series, and avoid shielding rain sensors.

In any of the above aspects, preferably, the lower end of the area enlargement kit is connected to the sampling inlet through a collection port; the gathering mouth adopts the double-deck design of buckle formula, can accurate card in sampling import department, and the sampling import is inboard to be guaranteed that the rainwater is whole to be collected, prevents the seepage. The sampling port outside plays the fixed action and prevents the displacement to compromise dustproof effect.

The monitoring station host comprises a data recording processor and a signal distribution processor, and can be independently used for monitoring.

Preferably, the sampling port and the water outlet of the host are respectively provided with at least one group of interception gates for rainfall collection and water drainage. The quantity and the area that the mouth of permeating water set up determine the biggest measurement rainfall of serial-type precipitation monitoring station.

The liquid level height measuring equipment of the monitoring station host provides various types of host measuring schemes, and the specific scheme is dependent on the cost and the monitoring precision requirement and comprises buoyancy measurement, infrared measurement and the like; and provides real-time measurement data.

When the water inlet gate is closed and stands for 5 seconds, the liquid level tends to be stable. The measured liquid level height is more accurate at this moment, and the real-time monitoring data is corrected to a certain extent by matching with the measurement duration.

The monitoring station host further comprises a sample acquisition and measurement module; including a direct measurement module and a sample retention module.

1. A direct measurement module: the device is provided with a photosensitive camera monitoring device, and conventional items such as suspended particles and the like can be measured through the luminosity of a rainwater sample. After the liquid level height measurement is finished, the side gate is opened, the collected sample flows through the measuring conduit, and the camera is used for directly monitoring.

2. A sample retention module: can be equipped with a plurality of sampling bottles, after the liquid level height measurement was accomplished, open corresponding gate, with the leading-in sampling bottle of rainwater sample. The sample flow through the gate is a fixed value, and the opening time of the gate can be adjusted according to the required sampling amount.

The monitoring station secondary machine does not carry out monitoring independently and needs to be connected with a monitoring station main machine; in the series mode, the number of connections is determined according to the expected magnitude of the monitored rainfall and the frequency of the time period to be measured. One of the main innovation points of the invention is a series connection mode, a device for collecting samples in a plurality of time intervals of rainfall is not provided in the prior art, and the scheme of connecting a plurality of devices in series can solve the difficulty. In addition, the cooperation and automatic control of the series devices are also one of the difficulties and the innovation points of the invention.

The secondary station of the monitoring station can be optionally provided with dustproof equipment, a interception gate, real-time measuring equipment or a sample retention module and a high-precision rain sensor as the primary station.

For a mobile monitoring station, a power supply station needs to be separately configured. When the rain sensor does not rain, the rain sensor keeps working continuously, a working power supply is provided when the rain sensor rains, and a signal sending device is arranged to facilitate real-time sending of data. The battery needs to be fully charged before installation, the solar panel at the top end provides the supplement of the consumed power, and if the electric quantity is lower than the alarm level for completing the monitoring, the battery can be automatically sent a signal to request to be replaced.

The work flow of the tandem type precipitation monitoring station is as follows: the monitoring main station is connected with the power supply station and is connected with 2 monitoring auxiliary machines in series; when rainfall begins, the rain sensor sends a signal, the dustproof equipment is packed up, the sampling inlet gate is opened, the No. 1 host drainage gate is kept closed, and rainwater begins to be received. (the device can be set, initial rainfall is abandoned and used for flushing equipment) the auxiliary machine simultaneously opens a water inlet gate and a water discharge gate, and the flushing equipment is ready for sampling; the host monitors the liquid level in real time, and when the liquid level exceeds a preset value, the water inlet gate is closed to seal the rainwater sample.

The preset value can be adjusted according to experimental requirements, such as rainfall in a certain time period, or sampling according to the rainfall, and the gate is closed when the set rainfall is reached, or when heavy rainstorm occurs and the rainfall is too large and exceeds the monitoring capacity.

The main machine sends a signal of closing the water inlet gate, and simultaneously, the auxiliary machine closes the drainage gate to start receiving the rainwater sample. The other auxiliary machine remains intact.

After standing for a certain time, the host computer measures the volume of the rainfall sample, and if a sampling area expansion kit is additionally arranged, the area of an inlet of the kit can be input in advance, so that the actual rainfall is calculated; and (5) carrying out real-time monitoring or sample retention on the sample after the measurement is finished. Then the drainage gate is opened to release the rainwater. Then the water inlet gate is opened to wait for monitoring.

Each auxiliary machine repeats the measuring process of the main machine in sequence, the auxiliary machine is recycled to the main machine for monitoring after completing the measurement, the measurement is performed in a circulating mode in sequence, the water storage tank performs stable measurement, sample retention and other operations after the water inlet is closed in a circulating operation mode of series connection, then the water is drained to wait for the next water inlet, and uninterrupted continuous sampling can be achieved. The number of the auxiliary machines connected in series is mainly related to the working completion time of the monitoring station by the monitoring frequency. The higher the monitoring frequency and the larger the expected rainfall, the more auxiliary machines need to be connected in series.

In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for monitoring precipitation, comprising:

step a, receiving rainwater;

preferably, initial rainfall of the abandoned flow is used for flushing the equipment; the main machine and/or the auxiliary machine simultaneously open a water inlet gate and a water outlet gate, and the flushing equipment prepares for sampling;

b, monitoring the liquid level height in real time by the host, closing a water inlet gate when the liquid level height exceeds a preset value, and sealing a rainwater sample;

and c, adjusting the preset value according to the experiment requirement, or sampling according to the rainfall, or closing the gate when the rainfall is too large and exceeds the monitoring capability during heavy rainstorm.

D, the main machine sends a signal of closing the water inlet gate, and meanwhile, one auxiliary machine closes the drainage gate to start receiving the rainwater sample; the other auxiliary machines are kept as they are.

Step e, after standing for a preset time, the host machine measures the volume of the rainfall sample, if a sampling area expansion suite is additionally arranged, the area of an inlet of the suite can be input in advance, and the actual rainfall is converted;

and f, monitoring the sample in real time or keeping the sample after the measurement is finished. Then the drainage gate is opened to release the rainwater. Then the water inlet gate is opened to wait for monitoring.

Step g, each auxiliary machine sequentially and repeatedly executes the step d to the step f;

and h, monitoring again by the main machine after the monitoring step is finished after each auxiliary machine.

In the above steps, the No. 1 host computer records data, marks the position of the sampling bottle in the corresponding time period, controls the operation of the buckle and the like, and other auxiliary machines only need to be connected with a power supply and a data transmission line. The real-time data can be transmitted to the outside through the built-in antenna of the power supply station.

The invention adopts the design of connecting a plurality of devices in series, and the next device starts to collect rainwater when the last device stops measuring, thereby ensuring the monitoring continuity. The invention can automatically complete the characteristics of monitoring rainfall, collecting samples, transmitting monitoring data in real time and the like under the unattended condition. The function of the rainfall monitoring device is enhanced, and the rainfall monitoring device has practical significance for improving data acquisition precision, meeting various sampling requirements, enhancing monitoring timeliness and the like.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a sample area enlargement kit for a preferred embodiment of the tandem precipitation monitoring station of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the host dust-proof device in the embodiment of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the connection state of the host dust-proof device and the sampling area enlarging kit shown in FIG. 1 in the embodiment shown in FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the intake and discharge gates in the embodiment of FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the principle of rainfall monitoring in the embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a direct measurement module in the embodiment of FIG. 1;

FIG. 7 is a schematic illustration of a sample retention scheme in the embodiment shown in FIG. 6;

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the sample bottle arrangement and its operation in the embodiment of FIG. 7;

the numerical designations in fig. 1-8 mean:

1. a sample port expansion kit (collapsible); 2. the monitoring station host machine 3, the rotating motor 4, the metal framework 5, the lock catch 6, the dustproof cloth 7, the connecting rope 8, the rotating motor 9, the left motor 10, the right motor 11, the left pushing plate 12, the right pushing plate 13, the upper movable plate 14, the lower fixed plate 15, the water inlet (sealed) 16, the water outlet (sealed) 17, the communicating pipe for measuring the liquid level height 18, the communicating pipe 19, the monitoring camera 20, the sampling control gate 21, the sampling bottle 22, the water outlet gate (sealed) 23, the sampling 24 and the sampling 25 are carried out.

Detailed Description

Embodiment 1.1 a serial-type precipitation monitoring station, which comprises a sampling area expansion kit 1, a monitoring station host 2, a monitoring station secondary machine and a power supply station. The monitoring station host 2 is connected with the sampling area expansion kit 1, the monitoring station host 2 is connected with a power supply station, and the monitoring station host 2 is also connected with two monitoring station secondary machines in series.

The sampling inlet of the monitoring station is fixedly designed to be a square with the area of 1m multiplied by 1m, and the system error of the sampling port for the value of pi is avoided. The inlets of the area enlargement kit 1 are respectively in rectangular sizes of 2m multiplied by 1m, 3m multiplied by 1m, 4m multiplied by 1m and the like, and the rectangular design can avoid mutual influence among devices when the devices are installed in series and avoid shielding rain sensors. Area enlarges the double-deck design of buckle formula that the external member lower extreme gathering mouth adopts, can accurate card in local sampling port department, and the inboard rainwater of guaranteeing is whole to be collected, prevents the seepage. The outside plays the fixed action and prevents the displacement to compromise dustproof effect. When using large tracts of land sample connection to enlarge the external member, both sides are equipped with the bracing piece, avoid because the deformation that the dead weight leads to influence the sampling face. The support adopts non-deformable and anticorrosive stainless steel hollow tube to constitute, and the steel pipe passes from the collection funnel outside that waterproof cloth constitutes and makes it keep the accuracy of sampling plane, and this design does benefit to the folding and the carrying of external member. The middle position of the rod piece is provided with a connecting nut, and the rod piece can be disassembled when being folded. The collection funnel cloth is inboard can select for use the nanometer coating to cover, avoids rainwater and filth to be detained and influences the sampling result.

Monitoring station host computer: the monitoring system has a data recording processor, a signal distribution processor and the like, and can be independently used for monitoring.

The fixed type and portable type can be made into respectively to the monitoring station, and the usable municipal power supply of fixed type monitoring station distributes and disposes the monitoring station in great area, has stronger measurement stability. Other capabilities are similar to portable monitoring stations.

Portable type monitoring station host computer: the device is firstly required to be leveled during installation, the lengths of the four supporting legs are adjusted through the bubble level meters arranged on the side edges of the device, and the purpose is to ensure the accuracy of rainfall measurement. The side of the monitoring station host machine 2 is provided with a high-precision rain sensor, and the reaction delay is controlled within 0.3 s.

The dustproof equipment comprises:

1. the local dustproof equipment: the roller shutter type dustproof cloth 6 is connected to a rotating shaft of the motor through a magic tape. A metal framework 4 is arranged between the dust-proof cloth and the dust-proof cloth 6, and a lock catch is arranged at one end of the dust-proof cloth to play a role of wind prevention. After the rain sensor sends a rainfall signal, the lock is locked and the buckle is opened, and the dustproof cloth is rolled up under the drive of the motor.

2. Area enlarges 1 dust keeper of external member: mainly comprises dustproof cloth 6, and both ends are equipped with the metal pole and push down dustproof cloth 6, and after rain sensor sent the rainfall signal, motor roll up the rope and drag dustproof cloth 6 off. After the external member 1 is installed, the dustproof cloth 6 of the machine is detached, and the motor fixes the rope.

And (4) intercepting a gate: two groups of interception gates are respectively arranged at the sampling port and the water outlet of the host machine and are used for rainfall collection and water drainage. The gate design is two high driving fit's corrosion resistant plate, and when needs were intake or was arranged water, the buckle promoted upper steel sheet and will permeate water mouthful UNICOM. When closing the gate, promote the steel sheet through the buckle and will permeate water the mouth and seal. The quantity and the area of the water permeable openings determine the maximum rainfall measurement of the device.

Liquid level height measuring device: the measurement scheme of the host machine with various models is provided, and the measurement scheme comprises buoyancy measurement, infrared measurement and the like depending on the requirements of cost and monitoring precision. Real-time measurement data may be provided, similar to a typical monitoring station. When the water inlet gate is closed and stands for 5 seconds, the liquid level tends to be stable. The measured liquid level height is more accurate at this moment, and the real-time monitoring data is corrected to a certain extent by matching with the measurement duration.

Sample collection and measurement module:

2. A sample retention module: can be equipped with a plurality of sampling bottles, after the liquid level height measurement was accomplished, open corresponding gate, with rainwater sample introduction sampling bottle 21. The sample flow through the gate is a fixed value, and the opening time of the gate can be adjusted according to the required sampling amount.

After the sample detection or retention step is completed, the bottom side of the host is buckled and adjusted to communicate the water outlet, and rainwater is released and accumulated. And after the measurement is finished, the water inlet gate is opened to form an upper-lower discharge mode, so that preparation is made for the next measurement.

The monitoring station auxiliary machine: in order to control cost, the monitoring station auxiliary machine is convenient to uniformly regulate and control, and is not provided with equipment for data recording, signal distribution and the like. The monitoring can not be carried out independently, and a monitoring host computer is required to be connected. In the series mode, the number of connections is determined according to the expected magnitude of the monitored rainfall and the frequency of the time period to be measured.

The secondary station of the monitoring station and the main station are provided with dustproof equipment, a interception gate, real-time measuring equipment or a sample retention module and a high-precision rain sensor (optional)

A power supply station: for a mobile monitoring station, a power supply station needs to be separately configured. When the rain sensor does not rain, the rain sensor keeps working continuously, a working power supply is provided when the rain sensor rains, and a signal sending device is arranged to facilitate real-time sending of data. The battery needs to be fully charged before installation, the solar panel at the top end provides the supplement of the consumed power, and if the electric quantity is lower than the alarm level for completing the monitoring, the battery can be automatically sent a signal to request to be replaced.

Series-type rainfall monitoring station work flow: the monitoring main station is connected with the power supply station and is connected with the two monitoring auxiliary machines in series.

When rainfall begins, the rain sensor sends a signal, the dustproof equipment is packed up, the sampling inlet gate is opened, the No. 1 host drainage gate is kept closed, and rainwater begins to be received. (the device can be set, initial rainfall of the flow is abandoned, and the device is used for flushing equipment.) No. 2 and No. 3 auxiliary machines open a water inlet gate and a water discharge gate at the same time, and the flushing equipment is ready for sampling. No. 1 host computer real-time supervision liquid level, when liquid level exceeded the default, closed inlet gate, closed rainwater sample.

The preset value can be adjusted according to experimental requirements, such as rainfall in a certain time period, 5min and 10min, or sampling according to the rainfall, and closing when the rainfall reaches 10mm and 15mm, or closing the gate when the rainfall is too large and exceeds the monitoring capacity in heavy rainstorm.

No. 1 host computer sends and seals the gate signal of intaking simultaneously, and No. 2 auxiliary engine closes the drain gate, begins to receive the rainwater sample. The auxiliary machine No. 3 remains as it is.

After 5s of stewing, volume measurement is carried out to the rainfall sample to No. 1 host computer, if install sampling area extension external member additional, can input external member import area in advance, and the final result is that the host computer measured value divides the extension external member import area to be actual rainfall. And (5) carrying out real-time monitoring or sample retention on the sample after the measurement is finished. Then the drainage gate is opened to release the rainwater. Then the water inlet gate is opened to wait for monitoring.

The auxiliary machine No. 2 repeats the process, then the auxiliary machine No. 3 repeats the process, and the process is circulated to the main machine No. 1 for monitoring after the process is completed. The number of the auxiliary machines connected in series is mainly related to the working completion time of the monitoring station by the monitoring frequency. The higher the monitoring frequency and the larger the expected rainfall, the more auxiliary machines need to be connected in series.

The No. 1 host computer records data, marks the position of a sampling bottle in a corresponding time period, controls the operation of a buckle and the like, and other auxiliary machines only need to be connected with a power supply and a data transmission line. The real-time data can be transmitted to the outside through the built-in antenna of the power supply station.

Embodiment 1.2A series type rainfall monitoring station is the same as embodiment 1.1, except that a heating suite is connected in a monitoring station host, collected rainfall is heated and melted when snow is monitored, and the rainfall is further processed according to the rainfall monitoring flow in embodiment 2.

Embodiment 2. a method of monitoring precipitation, comprising:

step 1, the rain sensor sends out a signal, the dustproof equipment is retracted, the sampling inlet gate is opened, the No. 1 host drainage gate is kept closed, and rainwater begins to be received.

The device is set, and initial rainfall of the abandoned flow is used for flushing the equipment: 2. the auxiliary machine No. 3 simultaneously opens a water inlet gate and a water discharge gate, and the flushing equipment is ready for sampling; no. 1 host computer real-time supervision liquid level, when liquid level exceeded the default, closed inlet gate, closed rainwater sample.

And 2, adjusting a preset value according to experimental requirements, such as rainfall within a certain time period, 5min and 10min, or sampling according to the rainfall, and closing when the rainfall reaches 10mm and 15mm, or closing the gate when the rainfall is too large and exceeds the monitoring capacity in heavy rainstorm.

And 3.1, the main machine sends a signal of closing the water inlet gate, and the auxiliary machine 2 closes the drainage gate to start receiving the rainwater sample. The auxiliary machine No. 3 remains as it is.

Step 4, after standing for 5s, the host computer No. 1 measures the volume of the rainfall sample, if a sampling area expansion kit is additionally arranged, the inlet area of the kit can be input in advance, and the final result is that the measured value of the host computer is divided by the inlet area of the expansion kit, namely the actual rainfall; real-time monitoring or sample retention of the sample after measurement

And 5, opening the drainage gate to release rainwater. Then the water inlet gate is opened to wait for monitoring.

Step 6, repeating the step 3, the step 4 and the step 5 by the auxiliary machine No. 2;

step 7, repeating the step 3, the step 4 and the step 5 by the auxiliary machine No. 3;

and 8, circulating to the No. 1 host again for monitoring.

Step 9, recording data by the No. 1 host, marking the position of a sampling bottle at a corresponding time period, controlling the operation of a buckle and the like, wherein other auxiliary machines only need to be connected with a power supply and a data transmission line; the real-time data is transmitted to the outside through the built-in antenna of the power supply station.

The embodiment provides a complete solution to the problem of rainfall monitoring in the prior art, and when the rainfall is monitored, the rainfall sample can be obtained according to the time interval or the rainfall requirement, the sampling port pattern is optimized, the system error is avoided, a detachable sampling port expansion kit is provided, and the sampling amount is ensured. The sampling port can be closed at regular time or in fixed quantity according to requirements, the liquid level height is measured after standing, and the measurement precision is guaranteed.

Claims

1. A serial precipitation monitoring station comprises a sampling area expansion kit (1), a monitoring station host (2), a monitoring station secondary machine and a power supply station; the method is characterized in that: the monitoring station host (2) is connected with the sampling area expansion kit (1), the monitoring station host (2) is connected with a power supply station, and the monitoring station host (2) is also connected with at least two monitoring station secondary machines in series; the sampling inlet of the monitoring station is a square with the area not less than 1m multiplied by 1m, the gathering port at the lower end of the area expansion external member (1) adopts a buckle type double-layer design, the gathering port can be accurately clamped at the sampling port of the machine, and the inner side of the gathering port ensures that all rainwater is collected to prevent leakage; the outer side of the area expansion kit (1) plays a role in fixing to prevent displacement, and when the large-area sampling port expansion kit is used; the monitoring stations can be respectively manufactured into a fixed type and a portable type, the fixed type monitoring stations are powered by municipal power, and the monitoring stations are distributed in a large area.

2. The in-line precipitation monitoring station of claim 1, wherein: the host sampling port and the water outlet are respectively provided with at least one group of interception gates for rainfall collection and drainage; the quantity and the area that the mouth of permeating water set up determine the biggest measurement rainfall of serial-type precipitation monitoring station.

3. The in-line precipitation monitoring station of claim 1, wherein: the monitoring station host further comprises a sample acquisition and measurement module; including a direct measurement module and a sample retention module.

4. The in-line precipitation monitoring station of claim 3, wherein: the direct measurement module is provided with a photosensitive camera monitoring device, and conventional items such as suspended particles and the like can be measured through the luminosity of a rainwater sample; after the liquid level height measurement is finished, the side gate is opened, the collected sample flows through the measuring conduit, and the camera is used for directly monitoring.

5. The in-line precipitation monitoring station of claim 3, wherein: the sample retaining module can be provided with a plurality of sampling bottles, and after the liquid level height is measured, the corresponding gate is opened to guide the rainwater sample into the sampling bottles; the sample flow through the gate is a fixed value, and the opening time of the gate can be adjusted according to the required sampling amount.

6. The in-line precipitation monitoring station of claim 1, wherein: for the movable monitoring station, a power supply station is configured independently; when the rain sensor does not rain, the rain sensor keeps working continuously, a working power supply is provided when the rain sensor rains, and a signal sending device is arranged to facilitate real-time sending of data.

7. A method of monitoring precipitation, comprising:

step a, receiving rainwater; initial rainfall of the abandoned flow is used for flushing equipment; the main machine and/or the auxiliary machine simultaneously open a water inlet gate and a water outlet gate, and the flushing equipment prepares for sampling;

c, adjusting the preset value according to experimental requirements, or sampling according to rainfall, or closing the gate when the rainfall is too large and exceeds the monitoring capacity in heavy rainstorm;

d, the main machine sends a signal of closing the water inlet gate, and meanwhile, one auxiliary machine closes the drainage gate to start receiving the rainwater sample; other auxiliary machines are kept as the original machines;

and f, monitoring the sample in real time or keeping the sample after the measurement is finished. Then the drainage gate is opened to release the rainwater. Then opening a water inlet gate to wait for monitoring;

8. The precipitation monitoring method of claim 7, wherein: the No. 1 host records data, marks the position of a sampling bottle at a corresponding time period, and controls the operation of a buckle, and other auxiliary machines only need to be connected with a power supply and a data transmission line; the real-time data is transmitted to the outside through the built-in antenna of the power supply station.