CN112207145A - Hot extrusion molding method of stainless steel rail - Google Patents
Hot extrusion molding method of stainless steel rail Download PDFInfo
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- CN112207145A CN112207145A CN202011023628.5A CN202011023628A CN112207145A CN 112207145 A CN112207145 A CN 112207145A CN 202011023628 A CN202011023628 A CN 202011023628A CN 112207145 A CN112207145 A CN 112207145A
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- 238000001192 hot extrusion Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 210000005069 ears Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005674 electromagnetic induction Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000011218 segmentation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
- B21C23/32—Lubrication of metal being extruded or of dies, or the like, e.g. physical state of lubricant, location where lubricant is applied
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
- B21C23/21—Presses specially adapted for extruding metal
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C25/00—Profiling tools for metal extruding
- B21C25/02—Dies
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
- Extrusion Of Metal (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a hot extrusion molding method of a stainless steel rail. The extrusion forming step comprises: firstly, blank processing: sawing and cutting forged polished blank round steel, machining by a lathe and polishing the outer surface of the forged polished blank round steel; the induction heating: heating the blank by a multi-section heating and temperature equalizing method; preparing a tool and a die: adopting an extrusion die with a hole pattern same as the shape of the steel rail; lubricating: lubricating the outer surface of the blank and the glass of the extrusion die; carrying out hot extrusion: hot-extruding the blank to form a steel rail; sixthly, cooling: air cooling the extruded steel rail; heat treatment of ears: carrying out heat treatment on the steel rail; and (3) checking: and (5) inspecting the surface quality, size, mechanics and physical and chemical properties of the steel rail. The invention reasonably integrates the production flow, optimizes the production process, and the produced stainless steel rail meets the quality requirement, thereby being beneficial to reducing the production cost and increasing the economic efficiency of enterprises.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of hot extrusion molding technology and profiled bar manufacturing, and relates to a hot extrusion molding method of a stainless steel rail.
Background
Steel rails are the main components of railway tracks. Its function is to guide the wheels of the rolling stock forward, to be stressed by the wheels and to be transmitted to the sleepers. The rails must provide a continuous, smooth and minimally resistive rolling surface for the wheel. In the electric railway or automatic block section, the rail can also be used as a track circuit. The section of the steel rail is in an I-shaped section with the best bending resistance, and comprises a rail head, a rail web and a rail bottom. In order to make the rail better withstand forces from all directions and to ensure the necessary strength conditions, the rail should have sufficient height, its head and base should have sufficient area and height, and the waist and base should not be too thin.
The most common method of rail forming is hot roll forming, which is mainly used for mass production of rails. The method for producing the steel rail by adopting the hot extrusion method is not reported in documents. The hot extrusion molding method can be used for one-step molding, the surface quality can be ensured, and the structure performance can be ensured through heat treatment. The replacement specification is very simple during production, and the method is very suitable for the production of small-batch steel rails. However, this molding method also has many difficulties: the steel rail can be scrapped no matter which link is in trouble, such as the design of tools and dies, the heating process, the lubricating effect and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a hot extrusion molding method of a stainless steel rail, which optimizes the production process of the rail, meets the quality requirement of the rail, reduces the production cost and increases the economic benefit of enterprises. .
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the hot extrusion molding method of the stainless steel rail utilizes a hot extrusion molding system to carry out extrusion molding, and comprises the following steps:
firstly, blank processing: sawing, lathing and polishing the outer surface of the forged polished blank round steel according to the process requirements; after processing and polishing, the outer surface is smooth and free of defects, the roughness is less than or equal to 2.0 mu m, the cutting slope of the end surface after sawing is less than or equal to 5mm, the head of the blank processed by the lathe is processed into a cone structure, the top R30mm is a reversed outer circular arc angle, the outer diameter is phi 350mm, and the length is 500-1100 mm;
the induction heating: the blank heating method adopts a multi-section heating and temperature equalizing method
Preparing a tool and a die: a steel rail extrusion die with a hole pattern same as the shape of a steel rail is adopted, the hole pattern of the steel rail extrusion die is provided with a gradual change flow guiding arc line, and a die support and a die middle support of the die are both provided with the hole pattern in the shape of the steel rail;
lubricating: glass lubrication is carried out on the outer surface of the blank and an extrusion die in the extrusion process, and the hole pattern of the lubrication glass pad is a steel rail type glass pad;
carrying out hot extrusion: using 375 series extrusion cylinders, and using a 63MN horizontal extruder to perform hot extrusion molding on the blank to form a steel rail;
sixthly, cooling: air-cooling the extruded steel rail on a cooling bed;
heat treatment of ears: and (3) carrying out heat treatment on the steel rail, and selecting a proper heat treatment process for carrying out heat treatment according to different material and performance requirements of the steel rail.
And (3) checking: and (5) inspecting the surface quality, size, mechanical property and physical and chemical properties of the steel rail.
The taper of the cone at the front end of the blank is 1: 3-1: 6. The sectional heating and temperature equalizing method is characterized in that temperature measurement is based on the central temperature of the head of a blank, and the first section is as follows: heating to 800 ℃ at low power, and keeping the temperature for 5-8 minutes; and a second stage: heating to 1000 ℃ with low power, and keeping the temperature for 5-8 minutes; a third stage: heating to 1050 ℃ with medium power, and carrying out uniform temperature for 4-6 minutes; a fourth stage: heating to 1100 ℃ with medium power, and carrying out temperature equalization for 2-4 minutes; stage 5: rapidly heating to 1120-1160 ℃ with higher power, and rapidly discharging; the technological parameters of the extrusion are as follows: the extrusion ratio is 11.3, the extrusion speed is 60-100 mm/S, and the theoretical calculation of the extrusion force is 50-58 MN.
The hot extrusion molding system for the stainless steel rail comprises machining equipment, heating equipment, lubricating equipment, hot extrusion equipment, a cooling bed, heat treatment equipment and quality inspection equipment, wherein the machining equipment, the induction heating equipment, the lubricating equipment, the hot extrusion equipment, the cooling bed, the heat treatment equipment and the quality inspection equipment are sequentially arranged. The machining equipment comprises a lathe, a cutting machine and a polishing machine, the heating equipment is an electromagnetic induction heating furnace, and the quality inspection equipment comprises surface quality equipment, specification and dimension inspection equipment and mechanical property and physical and chemical property inspection equipment.
The hot extrusion equipment is a 63MN horizontal extruder. The horizontal extruder comprises an extruding container and an extruding die, wherein the extruding container comprises an extruding container outer sleeve, an extruding container middle liner and an extruding container inner liner, and the extruding die comprises a die middle support, a die base, a die middle pad and a die rear pad steel rail die. The rail hole pattern of the rail extrusion die is provided with a gradual change flow guiding arc line. The die support and the die center support of the extrusion die are both provided with steel rail hole patterns in the shape of steel rails. The hole pattern of the steel rail extrusion die is in the shape of a steel rail, and the edge of the hole pattern is provided with a gradually-changed arc-shaped flow guiding groove.
The invention optimizes the steel rail production process by integrating the production flow of hot extrusion molding of the stainless steel rail, and the produced stainless steel rail meets the quality requirement, thereby being beneficial to reducing the production cost and increasing the economic benefit of enterprises. Compared with the traditional hot rolling process, the hot extrusion process has the advantages of no limitation of blanks, stable forming process, flexible production mode and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of a hot extrusion system for forming stainless steel rails.
FIG. 2 is an assembly view of an extruder barrel and an extrusion die;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a hole type extrusion die;
FIG. 4 is a view A-A of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a schematic of machining a blank;
fig. 6 is a side cross-sectional view of fig. 1.
Wherein: the method comprises the following steps of 1-forging plain billet round steel, 2-extrusion die, 3-steel rail hole type, 4-positioning pin hole, 5-die center support, 6-die support, 8-extrusion cylinder jacket, 9-extrusion cylinder center lining, 10-extrusion cylinder lining, 11-die holder, 12-die center pad, 13-die rear pad, 14-processing equipment, 15-heating equipment, 16-lubricating equipment, 17-hot extrusion equipment, 18-cooling bed, 19-heat treatment equipment, 20-inspection equipment and 21-extrusion cylinder.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following examples and drawings. The scope of the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, and those skilled in the art will be able to make modifications within the scope defined by the claims.
The hot extrusion forming of the stainless steel rail of the present invention is performed by extrusion using a hot extrusion forming system, as shown in fig. 1, the hot extrusion forming system includes a machining device 14, a heating device 15, a lubricating device 16, a hot extrusion device 17, a cooling bed 18, a heat treatment device 19, and an inspection device 20. The processing equipment, the induction heating equipment, the lubricating equipment, the hot extrusion equipment, the cooling bed, the heat treatment equipment and the inspection equipment are arranged in sequence. The machining equipment comprises a lathe, a cutting machine and a polishing machine, and the heating equipment is an electromagnetic induction heating furnace. The hot extrusion device is a 63MN horizontal extruder, as shown in FIG. 2, the extruder comprises an extrusion container 21 and an extrusion die 2, the extrusion container comprises an extrusion container jacket 8, an extrusion container middle liner 9 and an extrusion container inner liner 10, and the extrusion die 2 comprises a die middle support 5, a die support 6, a die holder 11, a die middle cushion 12 and a die rear cushion 13. As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the die support 6 and the die center support 5 of the extrusion die 2 each have a rail groove 3 in the shape of a rail. The hot extrusion forming process route of the stainless steel rail comprises the following steps: blank processing → blank preheating → induction heating → tool and die preparation → lubrication → hot extrusion → cooling → heat treatment → inspection. The method comprises the following specific steps:
firstly, blank processing: the steel material is the forging polished blank round steel of GB/T122006 Cr19Ni10, and the forging polished blank round steel is subjected to sawing, lathe processing and outer surface polishing according to the process requirements; the outer surface of the saw is required to be smooth and flawless after being processed and polished, the roughness is less than or equal to 2.0 mu m, and the cutting slope of the end surface after saw cutting is less than or equal to 5 mm; as shown in FIG. 5, the head of the lathe-machined blank is machined into a cone structure, the taper of the cone is 1:4, the top of the cone is an inverted external arc angle R30mm, the external diameter is phi 350mm, and the length is 640 mm.
The induction heating: in order to ensure the lubricating effect of the cone part of the blank during extrusion, glass powder is pre-coated on the cone part of the blank before heating. Adopting a sectional heating and temperature equalizing method, wherein the temperature measurement is based on the central temperature of the head of the blank, and the first section is as follows: heating to 800 ℃ with low power (300KW), and carrying out temperature equalization for 5-8 minutes; and a second stage: heating to 1000 ℃ with low power (300KW), and carrying out uniform temperature for 5-8 minutes; a third stage: heating to 1050 ℃ with medium power (450KW), and carrying out uniform temperature for 4-6 minutes; a fourth stage: heating to 1100 ℃ with medium power (450KW), and carrying out temperature equalization for 2-4 minutes; stage 5: rapidly heating to 1120-1160 ℃ by high power (600KW), and rapidly discharging.
Preparing a tool and a die: adopting an extrusion die with a hole pattern same as the shape of the steel rail, wherein the hole pattern of the steel rail die is provided with a gradual change flow guide arc line, as shown in figures 3 and 4; the die support 6 and the die center support 5 of the extrusion die are both provided with rail pass 3 in the shape of a rail, as shown in fig. 5; the tool and the die are assembled in place by an operator, and a technician checks whether the die meets the steel rail extrusion requirement after the tool and the die are assembled.
Lubricating: glass lubrication is carried out on the outer surface of the blank and an extrusion die in the extrusion process, and the hole pattern of the lubrication glass pad is a steel rail type glass pad;
firstly, paving 844-7 types of glass powder on a lubricating table of an extruder;
secondly, the glass pad is made of HDK-5 glass powder, a tool and a die are made of the glass pad, and the tool and the die are placed in a resistance furnace for drying at 150 ℃ after being pressed and formed.
Carrying out hot extrusion: using 375 series extrusion cylinders, and using a 63MN horizontal extruder to perform hot extrusion molding on the blank to form a steel rail; . The extrusion ratio was 11.3, the extrusion speed was 78mm/S, and the actual extrusion force was 54 MN.
Sixthly, cooling: and air-cooling the extruded steel rail on a cooling bed to normal temperature.
Heat treatment of ears: carrying out heat treatment on the steel rail; heating at 1000 deg.C, holding for 3 hr, discharging, and cooling with water.
And (3) checking: and (4) inspecting the stainless steel rail produced by the steps, wherein the inspection comprises surface quality, size, mechanical property and physical and chemical properties. The performance test was performed by sampling the position of the upper track portion of the rail.
The chemical components of the stainless steel rail produced by the invention are shown in table 1, and the mechanical property test results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 1 examination of chemical composition
TABLE 2 results of mechanical Property examination
Through inspection, the surface quality, dimensional accuracy, physical and chemical properties, mechanical properties and other indexes of the manufactured stainless steel rail meet the design requirements.
Claims (7)
1. A hot extrusion molding method of a stainless steel rail utilizes a hot extrusion molding system to carry out extrusion molding, and is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
firstly, blank processing: sawing, lathing and polishing the outer surface of the forged polished blank round steel according to the process requirements; after processing and polishing, the outer surface is smooth and free of defects, the roughness is less than or equal to 2.0 mu m, the cutting slope of the end surface after sawing is less than or equal to 5mm, the head of the blank processed by the lathe is processed into a cone structure, the top R30mm is a reversed outer circular arc angle, the outer diameter is phi 350mm, and the length is 500-1100 mm;
the induction heating: the blank heating method is heating by adopting a multi-section heating and temperature equalizing method;
preparing a tool and a die: a steel rail extrusion die (2) with a hole pattern same as that of a steel rail is adopted, the hole pattern of the steel rail extrusion die is provided with a gradual change flow guiding arc line, and a die support (6) and a die middle support (5) of the extrusion die are both provided with a hole pattern in the shape of the steel rail;
lubricating: glass lubrication is carried out on the outer surface of the blank and an extrusion die in the extrusion process, and the hole pattern of the lubrication glass pad is a steel rail type glass pad;
carrying out hot extrusion: using 375 series extrusion cylinders, and using a 63MN horizontal extruder to perform hot extrusion molding on the blank to form a steel rail; .
Sixthly, cooling: air-cooling the extruded steel rail on a cooling bed;
heat treatment of ears: carrying out heat treatment on the steel rail;
and (3) checking: and (5) inspecting the surface quality, size, mechanical property and physical and chemical properties of the steel rail.
2. The hot extrusion molding method of a stainless steel rail according to claim 1, wherein: the taper of the cone at the front end of the blank is 1: 3-1: 6.
3. The hot extrusion molding method of a stainless steel rail according to claim 1, wherein: the hot extrusion process parameters are as follows: the extrusion ratio is 11.3, the extrusion speed is 60-100 mm/S, and the theoretical calculation of the extrusion force is 50-58 MN.
4. The hot extrusion molding method of a stainless steel rail according to claim 1, wherein: the segmentation and temperature-equalizing heating method comprises the following steps: the temperature measurement is based on the central temperature of the head of the blank, and the first section is as follows: heating to 800 ℃ at low power, and keeping the temperature for 5-8 minutes; and a second stage: heating to 1000 ℃ with low power, and keeping the temperature for 5-8 minutes; a third stage: heating to 1050 ℃ with medium power, and carrying out uniform temperature for 4-6 minutes; a fourth stage: heating to 1100 ℃ with medium power, and carrying out temperature equalization for 2-4 minutes; a fifth stage: rapidly heating to 1120-1160 ℃ with high power, and rapidly discharging.
5. The method for hot extrusion molding of a stainless steel rail according to claim 1, wherein: the hot extrusion molding system comprises machining equipment (14), heating equipment (15), lubricating equipment (16), hot extrusion equipment (17), a cooling bed (18), heat treatment equipment (19) and inspection equipment (20), wherein the machining equipment, the induction heating equipment, the lubricating equipment, the hot extrusion equipment, the cooling bed, the heat treatment equipment and the inspection equipment are sequentially arranged; the machining equipment comprises a lathe, a cutting machine and a polishing machine, and the heating equipment is an electromagnetic induction heating furnace.
6. The hot extrusion molding method of a stainless steel rail according to claim 5, wherein: the hot extrusion equipment is 63MN horizontal extruder, the extruder includes recipient (21) and extrusion die (2), the recipient includes recipient overcoat (8), recipient lining (9) and recipient inside lining (10), extrusion die (2) prop (5), mould support (6), die holder (11), pad (12) and mould back pad rail mould (13) in the mould including the mould.
7. The hot extrusion molding method of a stainless steel rail according to claim 6, wherein: the hole pattern of the steel rail extrusion die (2) is in a steel rail shape, and the edge of the hole pattern is provided with a gradual change arc-shaped flow guide groove.
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN114522997A (en) * | 2022-01-25 | 2022-05-24 | 邯郸新兴特种管材有限公司 | Integrated forming production method of stainless steel H-shaped steel |
CN115138704A (en) * | 2022-05-25 | 2022-10-04 | 邯郸新兴特种管材有限公司 | Forming method of austenitic alloy H steel |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB739499A (en) * | 1952-10-01 | 1955-11-02 | Comptoir Ind Etirage | Improvements in or relating to the extrusion of metals |
CN1721753A (en) * | 2004-07-14 | 2006-01-18 | 天津市天材科技发展有限公司 | Manufacturing method of ferritic stainless steel seamless pipe with small diameter |
CN109848230A (en) * | 2018-10-26 | 2019-06-07 | 邯郸新兴特种管材有限公司 | A kind of hot extrusion molding method of channel steel |
CN213613376U (en) * | 2020-09-25 | 2021-07-06 | 邯郸新兴特种管材有限公司 | Hot extrusion molding system of stainless steel rail |
-
2020
- 2020-09-25 CN CN202011023628.5A patent/CN112207145A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB739499A (en) * | 1952-10-01 | 1955-11-02 | Comptoir Ind Etirage | Improvements in or relating to the extrusion of metals |
CN1721753A (en) * | 2004-07-14 | 2006-01-18 | 天津市天材科技发展有限公司 | Manufacturing method of ferritic stainless steel seamless pipe with small diameter |
CN109848230A (en) * | 2018-10-26 | 2019-06-07 | 邯郸新兴特种管材有限公司 | A kind of hot extrusion molding method of channel steel |
CN213613376U (en) * | 2020-09-25 | 2021-07-06 | 邯郸新兴特种管材有限公司 | Hot extrusion molding system of stainless steel rail |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN114522997A (en) * | 2022-01-25 | 2022-05-24 | 邯郸新兴特种管材有限公司 | Integrated forming production method of stainless steel H-shaped steel |
CN115138704A (en) * | 2022-05-25 | 2022-10-04 | 邯郸新兴特种管材有限公司 | Forming method of austenitic alloy H steel |
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