CN109014010B - Extrusion forming device and method for crank forging of marine low-speed diesel engine - Google Patents
Extrusion forming device and method for crank forging of marine low-speed diesel engine Download PDFInfo
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- CN109014010B CN109014010B CN201811110491.XA CN201811110491A CN109014010B CN 109014010 B CN109014010 B CN 109014010B CN 201811110491 A CN201811110491 A CN 201811110491A CN 109014010 B CN109014010 B CN 109014010B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K1/00—Making machine elements
- B21K1/06—Making machine elements axles or shafts
- B21K1/08—Making machine elements axles or shafts crankshafts
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Abstract
The invention provides an extrusion forming device for a marine low-speed diesel engine crank forging, which comprises an extrusion inner sleeve, an outer sleeve, an upper punch and a movable platen, wherein the extrusion inner sleeve, the outer sleeve and the movable platen correspond to the center of the extrusion inner sleeve, the outer sleeve is positioned on the outer side of the extrusion inner sleeve, the extrusion inner sleeve comprises an inner sleeve and an inner sleeve bottom plate positioned at the bottom of the extrusion inner sleeve, the outer sleeve and the inner sleeve bottom plate are fixed on the movable platen, and the upper punch can be arranged in a blank in the inner sleeve in an up-and-down moving mode. The molding method of the device comprises the following steps: preparing a blank; assembling an extrusion die; lubricating an extrusion die; preheating an extrusion die; heating the blank; descaling; extrusion molding; and (6) demolding. The invention can greatly reduce the size allowance of the crank forging, thereby reducing the weight of the forging stock, reducing the machining allowance, improving the material utilization rate and reducing the manufacturing cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an extrusion forming device, in particular to an extrusion forming device and method for a crank forging of a marine low-speed diesel engine.
Background
The crank throw is used as an important part for forming the semi-combined large marine crankshaft, the forging difficulty is high, the size is large, the forming is complex, and the forging is required to have good fiber flow direction.
The existing forging method of the large crank throw comprises the following steps:
first, block forging; the forming process of the block type forging method is shown in fig. 1, the crank blank is forged into a square block with edges, and then the excess metal is cut off by mechanical processing, so that the method has the advantages that: the shape is simple, the forming is easy, the die forging is not needed, and the forging fire number is less; the disadvantages of this method are: the forging produced by the method has the advantages of large machining allowance, high cost, difficult quality reaching standards and high rejection rate.
Second, ring forging; the forming process of the ring forging method is shown in fig. 2, a U-shaped blank is firstly forged by a hollow steel ingot or a punched steel ring, then the conicity of the two sides of the blank is extruded by a press, and the blank is formed by a vertical blank with a die forging block. Its advantages are less machining allowance, no impurities on crank arm and crank pin after machining, and better metal flow line. The disadvantages of this method are: the forming is difficult, the process is complex, the material utilization rate and the forming performance are poor, and defects such as air holes and the like can also occur in the forged piece.
Thirdly, a die forging method; the forming process of the die forging method is shown in figure 3, firstly, a steel ingot is pressed into a block-shaped blank through chamfering and upsetting, then the block-shaped blank is placed into a die cavity, a compaction die is covered, the defects of internal looseness and the like of the steel ingot are further compacted through a hydraulic press, the die cavity is filled with the bottom of the steel ingot, and finally a punch is pressed in to split the blank and perform backward extrusion to form the left arm and the right arm of the crank. The method has the advantages that the internal structure is compact, the fiber streamline of the crank metal is not damaged, the qualification rate is high, the forging process time is short, and the material utilization rate is high; the disadvantages of this method are: the tooling cost is high, the forming force is large, the equipment tonnage is large, the operation is difficult, and the later demoulding is difficult.
Fourth, a bending forging method; the forming process of the bending forging method is as shown in fig. 4, a single-throw-shaped blank is manufactured firstly, then the blank is bent on a bending die frame, and finally trimming forming is carried out. The disadvantages of this method are: low qualified rate, high energy consumption and high cost. The bending forging method mainly comprises three stages of preforging into a flat blank, bending and flattening. Firstly pressing into a flat blank, then bending on a bending die frame, and finally flattening, trimming and forming. The method has the advantages of simple die, small required forming force, convenient operation, easy forming and good metal fiber flow direction. But the defects of folding, super width and the like are easily generated in the bending forging process, and the influence on the quality of the forged piece and the utilization rate of materials is large.
Fifthly, upsetting, the forming process of upsetting is shown in fig. 5, and the main advantages of upsetting are: the material utilization rate is high, the continuity of a metal forging flow line is good, the machining allowance is small, the machining time is short, and the comprehensive mechanical property is stable. The forging method has the disadvantages that a set of special forging die and accessory equipment thereof are required, the manufacturing cost is high, and the forging method is not suitable for small-batch production.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the problems, the invention provides the extrusion forming device and the extrusion forming method for the crank forging of the marine low-speed diesel engine, which can greatly reduce the size allowance of the crank forging, thereby reducing the weight of forging stock, reducing the machining allowance, improving the material utilization rate and reducing the manufacturing cost.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides an extrusion forming device for a crank forging of a marine low-speed diesel engine, which comprises an extrusion inner sleeve, an outer sleeve, an upper punch and a movable platen, wherein the extrusion inner sleeve, the outer sleeve and the movable platen correspond to each other in central position, the outer sleeve is positioned at the outer side of the extrusion inner sleeve, the extrusion inner sleeve comprises an inner sleeve body and an inner sleeve bottom plate positioned at the bottom of the extrusion inner sleeve, the outer sleeve body and the inner sleeve bottom plate are fixed on the movable platen, and the upper punch can be arranged in a blank in the inner sleeve in an up-and-down moving mode.
The extrusion forming device for the crank forging of the marine low-speed diesel engine comprises an inner sleeve body, an outer sleeve body and an inner sleeve body, wherein the inner sleeve body comprises an outer sleeve plate and an inner sleeve plate positioned inside the outer sleeve plate, and a blank accommodating cavity is formed inside the inner sleeve plate.
The extrusion forming device for the crank forging of the marine low-speed diesel engine comprises a movable platen, a guide rail assembly, a connecting plate and an extrusion shaft base plate, wherein the connecting plate is connected with the extrusion shaft base plate through a bolt, the extrusion shaft base plate is located on the guide rail assembly, the guide rail assembly is fixed on the bottom plate, and an inner sleeve bottom plate is fixed on the connecting plate.
The extrusion molding device for the marine low-speed diesel engine crank forging piece is characterized in that a lubricant prepared from molybdenum disulfide and lead powder is coated on the inner surface of the outer sleeve.
The invention also provides a forming method of the extrusion forming device of the marine low-speed diesel engine crank forging, which comprises the following steps:
step 8, demolding: cooling the extrusion blank to about 100 ℃, and moving the bedplate back to a charging station for material returning;
and 9, hanging out the workpiece, and performing furnace heat treatment.
The forming method of the extrusion forming device for the marine low-speed diesel engine crank forging piece comprises the following substeps in the step 2:
step 21, butting the extrusion inner sleeve according to the position of a drawing and placing the extrusion inner sleeve on the movable platen to form a mold whole, so that the center line of the extrusion inner sleeve corresponds to the center position of the movable platen;
step 22, coating a lubricant prepared from molybdenum disulfide and lead powder on the inner surface of the outer sleeve, assembling the outer sleeve and the extrusion inner sleeve into a lower extrusion die, enabling the center line of the lower extrusion die to correspond to the set center position of the movable platen, and fixing the lower extrusion die along the outer sleeve fixing groove through a pressing plate and a bolt;
step 23, fixing the punch on a base plate of an extrusion die of the host machine, centering and aligning the punch and the center of the base plate in the extrusion die, and then fixing the punch and the center of the base plate in the extrusion die, wherein a fixing nut is selected into the punch by a worker and a turntable in cooperation with a crane, so that the punch is fixed on the base plate in the extrusion die;
and 24, fixing the material returning device on a hydraulic cylinder in the middle of a support beam of the main machine, and returning the blank.
The molding method described above, wherein, in step 4, comprises the following substeps:
step 41, preheating the die by using an electric heating sheet to enable the preheating temperature of the die to be more than 350 ℃;
42, preheating the punch rod by using an electric heating sheet, wherein the preheating temperature is higher than 350 ℃;
and 43, checking the lubricating condition of the die after the die is preheated to the specified temperature.
The forming method of the extrusion forming device for the marine low-speed diesel engine crank forging piece comprises the following substeps in step 5:
step 51, placing the blank on a sizing block and a protective frame of a trolley heating furnace;
step 52, after heating to the temperature, driving out the trolley, lifting by using a lifting appliance, and lifting to a preset die station of the extruder;
and 53, the hot forging blank reaches a preset station, the blank is aligned with the die cavity and is vertically placed into the die.
The forming method of the extrusion forming device for the marine low-speed diesel engine crank forging is characterized in that the step 7 comprises the following substeps:
and 73, returning the movable beam to the zero position, and withdrawing the punch from the die.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the invention can greatly reduce the size allowance of the crank forging, thereby reducing the weight of the forging stock, reducing the machining allowance, improving the material utilization rate and reducing the manufacturing cost;
the invention can realize rapid forming and demoulding, has high continuous degree, thereby shortening the manufacturing period of products, and has high efficiency and simple operation;
the large marine crank manufactured by the invention has good metal flow linearity, compact structure and good mechanical property.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a prior art block forging process for forming;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a prior art ring forging process forming process;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of a forming process of a prior art swaging process;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a prior art forming process of a bend forging process;
FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of a prior art upsetting forming process;
FIG. 6 is a block diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a side view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 8 is a top view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the charge;
FIGS. 10a and 10b are schematic views of a blank;
fig. 11a and 11b are schematic diagrams of the formed bell crank.
The main reference numerals are explained below:
1-upper punch; 2-the outer jacket; 3-outer side plate sleeve; 4-inner side plate sleeve; 5-inner sleeve bottom plate; 6-blank; 7-moving the platen; 71-a base plate; 72-guide rail a; 73-guide b; 74-a connecting plate; 75-extrusion shaft backing plate
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 7 to 11b, the invention provides an extrusion forming device for a marine low-speed diesel engine crank forging, which comprises an extrusion inner sleeve, an outer sleeve 2, an upper punch 1 and a movable platen 7, wherein the extrusion inner sleeve, the outer sleeve 2 and the movable platen 7 are in corresponding central positions, the outer sleeve 2 is positioned at the outer side of the extrusion inner sleeve, the extrusion inner sleeve comprises an inner sleeve body and an inner sleeve bottom plate 5 positioned at the bottom of the extrusion inner sleeve, the outer sleeve 2 and the inner sleeve bottom plate 5 are fixed on the movable platen 7, and the upper punch 1 can move up and down and is arranged in a blank 6 in the inner sleeve.
The inner sleeve body comprises an outer side plate sleeve 3 and an inner side plate sleeve 4 positioned in the outer side plate sleeve, and a blank containing cavity is formed in the inner side plate sleeve 4.
The movable bedplate 7 comprises a bottom plate 71, a guide rail assembly, a connecting plate 74 and a pressing shaft backing plate 75, wherein the connecting plate 74 is connected with the pressing shaft backing plate 75 through bolts, the pressing shaft backing plate 75 is positioned on the guide rail assembly, the guide rail assembly is fixed on the bottom plate 71, and an inner sleeve bottom plate 715 is fixed on the connecting plate 74.
The pressing shaft pad 75 includes a pressing shaft pad made of 950 material and a pressing shaft pad made of 755 material.
The guide rail assembly comprises a guide rail a72 and a guide rail b 73.
In addition, a lubricant prepared from molybdenum disulfide and lead powder is coated on the inner surface of the outer sleeve body 2.
The invention also provides a forming method of the extrusion forming device of the marine low-speed diesel engine crank forging, which comprises the following steps:
And 2, assembling an extrusion die.
The following substeps are included in step 2:
step 21, butting the extrusion inner sleeve according to the position of a drawing and placing the extrusion inner sleeve on the movable platen to form a mold whole, so that the center line of the extrusion inner sleeve corresponds to the center position of the movable platen 7;
step 22, coating a lubricant prepared from molybdenum disulfide and lead powder on the inner surface of the outer sleeve 2, assembling the outer sleeve and the extrusion inner sleeve into a lower extrusion die, enabling the center line of the lower extrusion die to correspond to the set center position of the movable platen, and fixing the lower extrusion die along the outer sleeve fixing groove through a pressing plate and a bolt;
step 23, fixing the punch on a base plate of an extrusion die of the host machine, centering and aligning the punch and the center of the base plate in the extrusion die, and then fixing the punch and the center of the base plate in the extrusion die, wherein a fixing nut is selected into the punch by a worker and a turntable in cooperation with a crane, so that the punch is fixed on the base plate in the extrusion die;
and 24, fixing the material returning device on a hydraulic cylinder in the middle of a support beam of the main machine, and returning the blank.
And 4, preheating the extrusion die.
The following substeps are included in step 4:
step 41, preheating the die by using an electric heating sheet to enable the preheating temperature of the die to be more than 350 ℃;
42, preheating the punch rod by using an electric heating sheet, wherein the preheating temperature is higher than 350 ℃;
and 43, checking the lubricating condition of the die after the die is preheated to the specified temperature.
And 5, heating the blank.
step 51, placing the blank 6 on a sizing block and a protective frame of a trolley heating furnace;
step 52, after heating to the temperature, driving out the trolley, lifting by using a lifting appliance, and lifting to a preset die station of the extruder;
and 53, the hot forging blank reaches a preset station, the blank 6 is aligned with the die cavity, and the blank is vertically placed into the die.
And 7, extrusion forming.
and 73, returning the movable beam to the zero position, and withdrawing the punch from the die.
Step 8, demolding: cooling the extrusion blank to about 100 ℃, and moving the bedplate back to a charging station for material returning;
and 9, hanging out the workpiece, and performing furnace heat treatment.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the invention, which is intended to be illustrative and not limiting. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications and equivalents may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. The extrusion forming device for the crank forging of the marine low-speed diesel engine is characterized by comprising an extrusion inner sleeve, an outer sleeve, an upper punch and a movable platen, wherein the center positions of the extrusion inner sleeve, the outer sleeve and the movable platen correspond to each other, the outer sleeve is positioned on the outer side of the extrusion inner sleeve, the extrusion inner sleeve comprises an inner sleeve body and an inner sleeve bottom plate positioned at the bottom of the extrusion inner sleeve, the outer sleeve body and the inner sleeve bottom plate are fixed on the movable platen, and the upper punch can be vertically moved and arranged in a blank inside the inner sleeve.
2. The extrusion molding device of the crank forging of the marine low-speed diesel engine as claimed in claim 1, wherein the inner sleeve body comprises an outer sleeve plate and an inner sleeve plate located inside the outer sleeve plate, and a blank accommodating cavity is formed inside the inner sleeve plate.
3. The extrusion molding device of the crank forging of the marine low-speed diesel engine as claimed in claim 2, wherein the movable platen comprises a bottom plate, a guide rail assembly, a connecting plate and an extrusion shaft backing plate, the connecting plate is connected with the extrusion shaft backing plate through a bolt, the extrusion shaft backing plate is located on the guide rail assembly, the guide rail assembly is fixed on the bottom plate, and the inner sleeve bottom plate is fixed on the connecting plate.
4. The extrusion molding apparatus of a marine low-speed diesel engine crank forging according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a lubricant made of molybdenum disulfide and lead powder is coated on the inner surface of the outer casing.
5. A forming method for implementing the extrusion forming device of the marine low-speed diesel engine crank forging piece, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, blank making: pressing a bottom pouring steel ingot into a square blank in a free forging mode;
step 2, assembling an extrusion die;
step 3, lubricating an extrusion die: uniformly spraying XB-59 high-temperature lubricating grease on the inner cavity of the die and the outer surface of the punch;
step 4, preheating an extrusion die;
step 5, heating the blank;
step 6, descaling: carrying out descaling treatment in the process of conveying the heated blank to an extruder;
step 7, extrusion forming;
step 8, demolding: cooling the extrusion blank to about 100 ℃, and moving the bedplate back to a charging station for material returning;
and 9, hanging out the workpiece, and performing furnace heat treatment.
6. The forming method of the extrusion forming device of the marine low-speed diesel engine crank forging piece according to the claim 5, characterized in that the step 2 comprises the following substeps:
step 21, butting the extrusion inner sleeve according to the position of a drawing and placing the extrusion inner sleeve on the movable platen to form a mold whole, so that the center line of the extrusion inner sleeve corresponds to the center position of the movable platen;
step 22, coating a lubricant prepared from molybdenum disulfide and lead powder on the inner surface of the outer sleeve, assembling the outer sleeve and the extrusion inner sleeve into a lower extrusion die, enabling the center line of the lower extrusion die to correspond to the set center position of the movable platen, and fixing the lower extrusion die along the outer sleeve fixing groove through a pressing plate and a bolt;
step 23, fixing the punch on a base plate of an extrusion die of the host machine, centering and aligning the punch and the center of the base plate in the extrusion die, and then fixing the punch and the center of the base plate in the extrusion die, wherein a fixing nut is selected into the punch by a worker and a turntable in cooperation with a crane, so that the punch is fixed on the base plate in the extrusion die;
and 24, fixing the material returning device on a hydraulic cylinder in the middle of a support beam of the main machine, and returning the blank.
7. The forming method of the extrusion forming device of the marine low-speed diesel engine crank forging piece according to the claim 5, characterized in that the step 4 comprises the following substeps:
step 41, preheating the die by using an electric heating sheet to enable the preheating temperature of the die to be more than 350 ℃;
42, preheating the punch rod by using an electric heating sheet, wherein the preheating temperature is higher than 350 ℃;
and 43, checking the lubricating condition of the die after the die is preheated to the specified temperature.
8. The molding method according to claim 5, characterized by comprising, in step 5, the substeps of:
step 51, placing the blank on a sizing block and a protective frame of a trolley heating furnace;
step 52, after heating to the temperature, driving out the trolley, lifting by using a lifting appliance, and lifting to a preset die station of the extruder;
and 53, the hot forging blank reaches a preset station, the blank is aligned with the die cavity and is vertically placed into the die.
9. The forming method of the extrusion forming device of the marine low-speed diesel engine crank forging piece according to the claim 5, characterized in that the step 7 comprises the following substeps:
step 71, after the blank is placed into a die, pushing the movable platen into a punching station;
step 72, after the punching station is reached, moving the movable beam upwards for 550mm, punching the movable beam for 500mm, returning the movable beam to the zero position, adding a gasifying agent into the deep hole of 500mm, and moving the movable beam upwards for 2500mm to complete punching, wherein the punching time is 3 min;
and 73, returning the movable beam to the zero position, and withdrawing the punch from the die.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201811110491.XA CN109014010B (en) | 2018-09-21 | 2018-09-21 | Extrusion forming device and method for crank forging of marine low-speed diesel engine |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201811110491.XA CN109014010B (en) | 2018-09-21 | 2018-09-21 | Extrusion forming device and method for crank forging of marine low-speed diesel engine |
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| CN109014010A CN109014010A (en) | 2018-12-18 |
| CN109014010B true CN109014010B (en) | 2020-04-10 |
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| CN109848236B (en) * | 2019-01-03 | 2020-10-13 | 南京迪威尔高端制造股份有限公司 | One-step extrusion forming method of combined die-splitting die with large-sized flange middle body |
| CN118204454A (en) * | 2024-04-17 | 2024-06-18 | 济南中航远洋船舶机械有限公司 | Ship crankshaft crank forging die and forming method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US3587280A (en) * | 1965-01-21 | 1971-06-28 | Xpress Automation Inc | Method and apparatus for pulling extrusions from an extrusion press |
| CN102371287B (en) * | 2010-08-26 | 2013-04-17 | 哈尔滨建成集团有限公司 | Extrusion die and method for extrusion molding inside and outside reduction blank by same |
| CN104858254B (en) * | 2014-02-24 | 2017-02-15 | 苏州昆仑重型装备制造有限公司 | 35CrMo steel thick-walled tube vertical backward extrusion method, and extrusion die thereof |
| CN204074787U (en) * | 2014-08-28 | 2015-01-07 | 安徽金庆龙机械制造有限公司 | A kind of piston pin cold extrusion auto-feeder assembly |
| CN204396511U (en) * | 2014-12-01 | 2015-06-17 | 浙江科宇金属材料有限公司 | A kind of stripper apparatus of extrusion die |
| CN104785565B (en) * | 2015-04-09 | 2016-08-17 | 哈尔滨建成集团有限公司 | A kind of dovetail slideway pneumatic type upper mold moves horizontally the vertical extrusion die of deep hole |
| CN107520394A (en) * | 2017-08-10 | 2017-12-29 | 燕山大学 | The technological equipment and method of crank throw are forged on double action hydraulic press |
| CN108480411B (en) * | 2018-04-03 | 2020-04-14 | 北京科技大学 | A kind of magnesium alloy ribbed cylindrical part strong plastic deformation extrusion forming device and method |
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