CN112204308A

CN112204308A - Incineration equipment

Info

Publication number: CN112204308A
Application number: CN201980036354.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 吉川充; 森田介斗
Original assignee: Kawasaki Heavy Industries Ltd
Current assignee: Kawasaki Heavy Industries Ltd
Priority date: 2018-05-30
Filing date: 2019-05-21
Publication date: 2021-01-08
Also published as: WO2019230505A1; JP2019207084A; RU2749777C1

Abstract

The incineration equipment is provided with: an incinerator for incinerating waste; a boiler including an exhaust gas path for flowing an exhaust gas from the incinerator; a shock wave type soot blower that burns a mixed gas containing a fuel gas and an oxygen gas, generates a shock wave, and releases the shock wave into an exhaust gas path; a fermentation tank for fermenting waste to produce biogas; and a supply line for supplying biogas from the fermenter to the shock wave type soot blower as a fuel gas.

Description

Incineration equipment

Technical Field

The present invention relates to an incineration plant comprising an incinerator and a boiler.

Background

Conventionally, there is known an incinerator for incinerating waste such as garbage or sludge and an incineration facility including a boiler for recovering heat from exhaust gas discharged from the incinerator. The boiler includes an exhaust gas path through which exhaust gas from the incinerator flows, a plurality of water pipes are provided on a wall surface of the exhaust gas path, and a superheater is disposed in the exhaust gas path on a downstream side of the water pipes.

Since dust contained in the exhaust gas adheres to a heated surface (for example, a surface of a water pipe or a superheater) in the exhaust gas path, it is necessary to periodically remove the dust adhering to the heated surface. As a device for removing dust adhering to the heat receiving surface, a steam sootblower that sprays steam onto the heat receiving surface has been conventionally used. In recent years, it has been proposed to use a shock wave type sootblower instead of the steam type sootblower (for example, see patent document 1).

The shock wave sootblower burns a mixed gas containing fuel gas and oxygen to generate a shock wave, and releases the shock wave into an exhaust path. By the release of the shock wave, dust is removed from the heated surface. For example, the fuel gas is methane gas.

Documents of the prior art

Patent document

Patent document 1: japanese patent laid-open publication No. 2017-20773

Disclosure of Invention

Problems to be solved by the invention

However, when the shock wave type soot blower is used, it is necessary to supply fuel gas to the shock wave type soot blower. In the case where the fuel gas is methane gas, it is conceivable that a plurality of gas cylinders filled with methane gas are provided in the incinerator, and that methane gas is supplied from these gas cylinders to the shock wave type sootblowers.

However, when a gas cylinder filled with methane gas is used, not only is the cost per gas cylinder high, but also the replacement work of the gas cylinder is complicated.

Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide an incinerator capable of supplying fuel gas to a shock wave type sootblower without using a gas cylinder.

Means for solving the problems

In order to solve the above problem, an incineration facility according to the present invention includes: an incinerator for incinerating waste; a boiler including an exhaust gas path for flowing an exhaust gas from the incinerator; a shock wave type soot blower that burns a mixed gas containing a fuel gas and an oxygen gas, generates a shock wave, and releases the shock wave into the exhaust gas path; a fermentation tank for fermenting the waste to generate biogas; and a supply line for supplying the biogas from the fermenter to the shock wave type soot blower as the fuel gas.

According to the above configuration, the biogas generated in the fermentation tank disposed in parallel with the incinerator can be used as the fuel gas for the shock wave type soot blower. Therefore, the fuel gas can be supplied to the shock wave type sootblower without using a gas cylinder.

The incineration apparatus may further include: a tank which is provided in the supply line and stores the biogas; and a refining device that is provided on the supply line on an upstream side or a downstream side of the tank, and that removes at least one component other than methane from the biogas to refine the biogas. According to this configuration, the biogas having a high methane concentration can be supplied to the shock wave type soot blower. In particular, if the purification apparatus is provided upstream of the tank, the biogas stored in the tank and having a high methane concentration can be sold to a power company or the like.

Effects of the invention

According to the present invention, fuel gas can be supplied to the shock wave type soot blower without using a gas cylinder.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of an incineration facility according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of a system for supplying fuel gas and oxygen to a shock wave sootblower.

Detailed Description

Fig. 1 shows an incineration plant 1 according to one embodiment of the invention. The incineration facility 1 includes an incinerator 2 for incinerating waste such as garbage and sludge, and a boiler 3 for recovering heat from exhaust gas discharged from the incinerator 2.

In the present embodiment, the incinerator 2 is of an incinerator type, and includes a drying incinerator 24, a combustion incinerator 25, and a post-combustion incinerator 26. However, the incinerator 2 may be of a fluidized bed type.

Specifically, the incinerator 2 comprises a hopper 21, a feeder 22, a primary combustion chamber 23, and a secondary combustion chamber 27. The aforementioned burners 24 to 26 constitute the bottom surface of the main combustion chamber 23. The waste is fed into the hopper 21 by a crane not shown. The feeders 22 are intermittently operated at predetermined intervals, thereby feeding the wastes in the hopper 21 into the main combustion chamber 23.

In the present embodiment, the primary combustion chamber 23 is a parallel flow type in which the combustion gas flows in the same direction as the moving direction of the waste. The reburning chamber 27 reverses the direction of the combustion gas flowing out of the main combustion chamber 23. More specifically, the reburning chamber 27 extends obliquely upward from the downstream end of the main combustion chamber 23 in the flow direction of the combustion gas so as to overlap the main combustion chamber 23. However, the main combustion chamber 23 does not necessarily have to be of a parallel flow type, and the recombustion chamber 27 may be extended upward from the center of the main combustion chamber 23 so that the combustion gas flows upward in the main combustion chamber 23.

The boiler 3 includes an exhaust gas path 31, and the exhaust gas path 31 is for flowing the exhaust gas from the incinerator 2. The exhaust gas passage 31 includes a radiation chamber (1 st flue) 32 disposed above the reburning chamber 27, a 2 nd flue 33 communicating with an upper portion of the radiation chamber 32, and a 3 rd flue 34 communicating with a lower portion of the 2 nd flue 33. A plurality of water pipes are provided on the wall surfaces of the radiation chamber 32 and the 2 nd flue 33, and water vapor generated in these water pipes is collected by a boiler drum 35. The steam collected in the boiler drum 35 is sent to

superheaters

36 and 37 disposed in the 3 rd flue 34, superheated, and then sent to a turbine 51 connected to a generator 52 for power generation.

At least one shock wave type sootblower (hereinafter abbreviated to SPS)4 is provided in the boiler 3. The SPS 4 combusts a mixture gas containing fuel gas and oxygen to generate a shock wave, and releases the shock wave into the exhaust path 31. The SPS 4 operates intermittently at prescribed intervals.

In the present embodiment, two SPS 4 are provided in each of the 2 nd flue 33 and the 3 rd flue 34. The SPS 4 arranged in the 3 rd flue 34 is located between two

superheaters

36, 37. However, the number and position of the SPSs 4 can be changed as appropriate.

More specifically, as shown in fig. 2, each SPS 4 includes a main body 41 and a cylinder 42 each having a piston, not shown, built therein, a nozzle 43 extending from the main body 41 in a direction opposite to the cylinder 42 and having a tip penetrating a wall surface of the exhaust gas passage, and a pair of combustion chambers 44 extending perpendicularly from the main body 41 and the nozzle 43. The piston blocks the interior of the combustion chamber 44 from the interior of the nozzle 43 or communicates with the interior of the nozzle 43.

Further, a valve unit 47 is attached to the main body 41, and the fuel gas storage chamber 45 and the oxygen gas storage chamber 46 are connected to the valve unit 47. The valve unit 47 blocks the interiors of the fuel gas storage chamber 45 and the oxygen storage chamber 46 from the interiors of the pair of combustion chambers 44 or communicates with the interiors of the pair of combustion chambers 44. When the interiors of the fuel gas storage chamber 45 and the oxygen gas storage chamber 46 communicate with the interiors of the pair of combustion chambers 44, the fuel gas is supplied from the fuel gas storage chamber 45 to the combustion chamber 44, and the oxygen gas is supplied from the oxygen gas storage chamber 46 to the combustion chamber 44, and they are mixed in the combustion chamber 44. Then, the air-fuel mixture is ignited to be burned, and the piston, not shown, communicates the inside of the combustion chamber 44 with the inside of the nozzle 43, thereby generating a shock wave.

The oxygen storage chamber 46 is connected to a plurality of oxygen cylinders 71 through an oxygen supply line 7. In addition, in fig. 2, only one SPS 4 is depicted as a representative. The oxygen supply line 7 is provided with an on-off valve 72 near each oxygen cylinder 71, the on-off valve being used when replacing the oxygen cylinder 71. However, instead of the oxygen storage chamber 46, an air storage chamber may be used to which air is supplied from a compressor. Although not shown, the oxygen supply line 7 is provided with a pressure reducing valve for reducing the pressure of the oxygen gas flowing out from the oxygen cylinder 71 to a predetermined pressure.

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the fuel gas storage chamber 45 is connected to a plurality of fermenters 61 via a fuel gas supply line 6. In fig. 1, only the upstream portion of the fuel gas supply line 6 is shown, and the downstream portion of the fuel gas supply line 6 is shown in fig. 2.

Each fermentation tank 61 ferments the waste to produce biogas. That is, the fuel gas supply line 6 supplies biogas as fuel gas from the fermentation tank 61 to the SPS 4.

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a tank 62, a purification device 63, and a compressor 64 are provided in this order from the upstream side on the fuel gas supply line 6. Tank 62 stores biogas. The refining device 63 removes at least one component other than methane from the biogas to refine the biogas. However, the purification apparatus 63 may be disposed upstream of the tank 62. The compressor 64 raises the pressure of the biogas as the fuel gas to the same level as that of the oxygen gas.

Biogas contains methane, carbon dioxide and water vapor as main components, and hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, siloxane and the like as minor components. The component removed by the refining device 63 is preferably one or more of trace components. The purification apparatus 63 can remove carbon dioxide and water vapor from the biogas in addition to the minor components.

As described above, in the incineration facility 1 of the present embodiment, the biogas generated in the fermentation tank 61 provided in parallel with the incinerator 2 can be used as the fuel gas for the SPS 4. Therefore, the fuel gas can be supplied to the SPS 4 without using a gas cylinder.

In addition, when the waste is garbage, organic matter in the garbage is effectively utilized in the fermentation tank 61, while a large amount of residue is generated in the fermentation tank 61. However, if the fermentation tank 61 is provided in parallel with the incinerator 2, the residue can be incinerated as waste in the incinerator 2. In other words, according to the configuration of the present embodiment, it is possible to overcome the disadvantage that a large amount of generated residues must be treated by some method when fuel gas for SPS 4 is produced from garbage.

In the present embodiment, since the refining device 63 is provided in the fuel gas supply line 6, the biogas having a high methane concentration can be supplied to the SPS 4. In particular, if the purification apparatus 63 is provided upstream of the tank 62, contrary to the present embodiment, the biogas stored in the tank 62 and having a high methane concentration can be sold to a power company or the like.

The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention.

For example, the refining device 63 may not be provided in the fuel gas supply line 6. However, in this case, hydrogen sulfide, siloxane, and the like contained in the biogas may corrode piping, valves, and the like. On the other hand, if the purification device 63 is provided on the fuel gas supply line 6, corrosion of such pipes, valves, and the like can be suppressed.

Description of the reference symbols

1: incinerating equipment; 2: an incinerator; 3: a boiler; 31: an exhaust gas path; 4: a shock wave type soot blower; 6: a fuel gas supply line; 61: a fermentation tank; 62: a tank; 63: a refining device.

Claims

1. An incineration apparatus, having:

an incinerator for incinerating waste;

a boiler including an exhaust gas path for flowing an exhaust gas from the incinerator;

a shock wave type soot blower that burns a mixed gas containing a fuel gas and an oxygen gas to generate a shock wave and releases the shock wave into the exhaust gas path;

a fermentation tank for fermenting the waste to generate biogas; and

and a supply line for supplying the biogas from the fermenter to the shock wave type soot blower as the fuel gas.

2. The incineration device of claim 1,

the incineration apparatus further has:

a tank which is provided in the supply line and stores the biogas; and

and a refining device that is provided in the supply line on an upstream side or a downstream side of the tank, and that removes at least one component other than methane from the biogas to refine the biogas.