CN101881457A - Self-balanced sludge incineration method and system - Google Patents
Self-balanced sludge incineration method and system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a self-balanced sludge incineration method and a self-balanced sludge incineration system. The method comprises the following steps of: dividing sludge into two parts and directly feeding the sludge of a first part and an auxiliary fuel into sludge incineration equipment for incineration; performing drying treatment on the sludge of a second part with heat generated by the sludge incineration equipment; and feeding the dried sludge of the second part into the sludge incineration equipment for the incineration. The method and the system have the advantages of realizing the substantially self-balanced incineration of the sludge and reduced, stabilized and hazard-free sludge treatment, and recycling energy sources in the sludge.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the technical field that municipal sludge is administered, relate in particular to a kind of self-balanced sludge incineration method and system.
Background technology
Treatment of Sludge develops along with the development of wastewater treatment in China.The sixties in last century, because wastewater treatment in China factory is less, sludge quantity is few and composition is simple, and sludge treatment does not become problem as yet.From the eighties so far, along with the quickening of Development of China's Urbanization, the municipal sewage plant leads more and more higher.National wastewater treatment rate was 42.4% in 2003, and wherein 27.4% municipal sewage need arrive sewage treatment plant and focuses on.Estimate that by 2010 treatment rate of domestic sewage will reach 70%.Large amount of sewage treatment plant puts into operation, will produce a large amount of mud, raising along with environmental requirement, newly-built sludge of sewage treatment plants treatment facility must " plan simultaneously; build simultaneously; put into operation simultaneously " that added originally the phenomenon that exists " the light mud of heavy water ", the pressure that makes Treatment of Sludge dispose is very big with sewage treatment plant.
The conventional method that China's Treatment of Sludge is disposed has: sludge composting, mud landfill, sludge incineration, mud are thrown sea etc.
It is the traditional method of China that mud is made compost agricultural, but according to national related request, " when mud was agricultural, mud must carry out stabilisation and harmless treatment, and reached " pollutant control criterion in the agricultural mud " existing relevant agricultural standards and regulation of country and place such as (GB4284)." but because the complexity of sewage composition, determined the complexity of sludge components.If the heavy metal in the mud enters food chain, will work the mischief to health of people.General sludge composting is only made the usefulness of greening and soil improvement.
The mud landfill is present the most frequently used method, but " country will progressively limit mud without inorganicization processing at the refuse landfill landfill.The mud landfill should satisfy the regulation of " urban wastewater treatment firm sludge treatment mixing landfill shale " (CJ/T 249); Mud before the landfill need carry out stabilization processes; Lateral shear intensity should be greater than 25kN/m2; Landfill yard should have the biogas utilization system, and percolate can qualified discharge." the operation requirement of mud landfill is similar to garbage loading embeading.The percolate of sludge landfill belongs to high concentration organic sewage, must concentrate and be handled; Fill out the hole and need lay the good material of anti-permeability, sanitary filling field should set high leachate collection device and purification facility, prevents various poisonous, the harmful substance in the mud, through etch and the leakage pollution underground water and the soil of rainwater.Landfill not only will take a large amount of soils, and owing to contain certain noxious material in the mud, and landfill is improper or because factor such as landfill geological conditions will cause oozing out of percolate and the polluted underground water layer, influence feedwater water quality.Therefore, adopt landfill need consider many-sided factor, make rational planning for.
The facture of sludge incineration is the most thorough, maximum volume reduction method.Contain a large amount of organic matters and a certain amount of cellulignin in the mud, have certain calorific value.The residue that burning method produces is minimum, and free from extraneous odour can be rapidly and make mud reach minimizing largely, and combustion ash is useless if not danger, can make the additive of cement, or makes haydite etc. and can make construction material.Sludge incineration can also obtain dump energy from fume afterheat, be used for dewatered sludge, thereby reduces the Treatment of Sludge cost greatly.
Mud is thrown the sea, method is simple, need not spend ample resources, but be subjected to the restriction of geographical position and the relevant pact of international ocean and the marine ecosystem human foods of unifying is threatened, Chinese Government has accepted three international agreements, promised to undertake on February 20th, 1994 and dispose sewage sludge no longer at sea, so this method is out-of-date.
Along with the quickening of China's Development of China's Urbanization, cities and towns and trade effluent handling rate improve year by year, and the generation of mud sharply increases.Former primary sludge contains large amount of organic, parasitic ovum, pathogenic bacteria and pathogen etc., if handle and the mishandling environment that enters, will directly cause secondary pollution to atmosphere and water body, and the ecological environment and the mankind are constituted a threat to.The reasonable processing of mud is disposed and has been become government's urgent problem.
According on September 20th, 2009; the report of Beijing Environmental Protection Science Inst. Yu Jin sea on Hangzhou " Treatment of Sludge disposal and comprehensive utilization and Treatment of Sludge new equipment, new technology exchange seminar ": in by the end of March, 2008; 1320 of the municipal wastewater treatment plants that the whole nation puts into effect, disposal ability 9,725 ten thousand m
3/ d, 890 of the municipal wastewater treatment plants of building, disposal ability 3,639 ten thousand m
3/ d.Sludge yield is by 1.5t-DS/ ten thousand t-sewage, and China's mud annual production at present reaches 5,320,000 tons (DS), and wet sludge quantity is 2,662 ten thousand t (WS80%).According to Eleventh-Five Year Plan, by 2010, annual national sludge yield is the highest will to reach 5,700,000 tons (DS), and wet mud is 28,500,000 t (WS80%).The mud generation sharply increases, and has become important environmental problem
The facture of sludge incineration is the most thorough, maximum volume reduction method.Domestic existing sludge incineration technology has at present:
1. utilize thermal power plant circulating fluidized bed boiler to handle mud.Its shortcoming is:
The first, mud handling capacity is restricted.Because sludge incineration produces a large amount of steam, is that exhaust gas volumn heightens, and normally moves in order to make air and gas system, can only limit the sludge incineration amount.General sludge incineration amount is 5% of a boiler capacity.
The second, fume emission can not be up to standard.Because the exhaust treatment system of steam power plant (GB13223-1996) designs according to " thermal power plant's atmosphere pollutants emission standards "; and according to the regulation of People's Republic of China's house and town and country construction portion, People's Republic of China's Environmental Protection Department, Ministry of Science ﹠ Technique of PRC's 2009 on February 18, " the urban wastewater treatment firm Treatment of Sludge is disposed and pollution prevention technique policy (try) " 4.4.3 bar, the flue gas processing of sludge incineration will be satisfied " consumer waste incineration pollution control criterion " pertinent regulations such as (GB18485).
2. the CFBB of garbage power plant is handled mud.Its shortcoming is:
The first, sludge treatment takies the capacity of garbage disposal greatly.Because the moisture of mud is much higher than refuse moisture, the mud of same weight produces more flue gas, and the garbage treatment quantity that is exactly boiler like this descends.
The second, have a strong impact on the stability of boiler operatiopn.Since China the calorific value of rubbish own just on the low side, add mud after, mean calorie is lower, is the air temperature and air pressure instability of boiler operatiopn.
3. build the sludge incineration power generation project and handle mud.Its shortcoming is:
The first, the Lower heat value of mud is about 20～30kcal/kg, does not have calorific value can be used for generating electricity.Electricity is an energy conversion gained of mixing fuel burning.
Though second mud has obtained processing, the treating apparatus investment is big.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of self-balanced sludge incineration method and system.
On the one hand, the invention provides a kind of self-balanced sludge incineration method, mud is divided into two parts, first's mud and auxiliary fuel directly enter sludge incineration equipment and burn; The heat that utilizes described sludge incineration equipment to produce carries out drying and other treatment to second portion mud; Second portion mud burns through entering described sludge incineration equipment after the drying and other treatment.
Above-mentioned sludge incineration method, the ratio of preferred described first mud and described second portion mud is 1.5～2.5: 1.
On the other hand, the present invention also provides a kind of self-balanced sludge incineration system, comprising: sludge drying device, sludge incineration device and flue gas processing device; Described sludge drying device, described sludge incineration device and described flue gas processing device are linked in sequence.
Above-mentioned sludge incinerating system, preferred described sludge drying device comprise mud reclaimer, mud batcher, mud dryer, mud discharging machine and the dewatered sludge conveyer that connects successively; And its mud dryer also comprises the outlet of dry waste gas, and the outlet of described dry waste gas is connected with condenser inlet, and described condenser is provided with wastewater outlet, and described wastewater outlet is connected with the waste water tank that condenses.
Above-mentioned sludge incinerating system, preferred described sludge incineration device comprises recirculating fluidized bed and the waste heat boiler that is connected.
Above-mentioned sludge incinerating system, preferred described recirculating fluidized bed comprises the cylinder type adiabatic furnace, is made of heat-insulation layer and wear-resistant castable.
Above-mentioned sludge incinerating system, preferred described flue gas purification system comprise the purifying column that connects successively, sack cleaner, chimney and Hui Cang.
From the mud that sewage treatment plant comes out, general moisture content is 80%, and its Lower heat value is about 20～30kcal/kg.If with its burning, its heat substantially can self-balancing.The present invention is based on this character of mud, the basic self-balancing of mud is burned, realize " minimizing, stabilisation and innoxious " that Treatment of Sludge is disposed, and reclaim and utilize the energy in the mud.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the process chart of self-balanced sludge incineration method embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of self-balanced sludge incineration system embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of self-balanced sludge incineration system embodiment of the present invention.
The specific embodiment
For above-mentioned purpose of the present invention, feature and advantage can be become apparent more, the present invention is further detailed explanation below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
With reference to Fig. 1, Fig. 1 is the process chart of self-balanced sludge incineration method embodiment of the present invention.With 1200t/d, moisture content is that 80% primary sludge is that example does not have sludge incineration method to self-balancing of the present invention and explains.At first, primary sludge is divided into two parts: with auxiliary fuel (as coal, 50t/d) together, directly enter sludge incineration equipment first's mud (moisture content 80%, 450t/d), and, enter sludge drying equipment second portion mud (moisture content 80%, 750t/d).Behind the second portion mud process mummification equipment, and generation sewage (500t/d) and dewatered sludge (moisture content 40%, 250t/d); Wherein, sewage enters sewage disposal system, and dewatered sludge enters sludge incineration equipment and burns.And the heat that sludge incineration equipment is produced is used for the drying and other treatment of second portion mud.Wherein, the ratio of first's mud and described second portion mud is preferably 2: 1.Need to prove that the ratio of first's mud and second portion mud got final product near 2: 1, is not that strictness is limited to 2: 1.Because the sludge moisture content difference is 1.5～2.5: all be very normal in 1 the proportion.
With reference to Fig. 2, Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of self-balanced sludge incineration system embodiment of the present invention.Mud in the sludge-tank 101 is divided into two parts, first's mud is behind mud conveying equipment 104, directly enter in the sludge incineration equipment 107 with the coal in the coal-hole, second portion mud is behind sludge drying equipment, the sewage that produces enters sewage disposal device 103, and the dewatered sludge of generation will be included in the sludge incineration equipment 107 through the dewatered sludge storehouse.And the steam that sludge incineration equipment produces is used for providing heat for sludge drying equipment 102.Behind sludge incineration equipment, the flue gas of generation is formed by column for smoke purification 108, sack cleaner 109 and chimney 111, and sack cleaner also is connected with grey storehouse 110.
Specifically, sludge incinerating system self-balanced sludge incineration technology is made up of sludge incinerating system, sludge drying system and exhaust treatment system three parts, does detailed introduction at this three part below.With reference to Fig. 3, Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of self-balanced sludge incineration system embodiment of the present invention.
One, sludge incinerating system
(1) incinerator 19
Be furnished with a feeder (not shown), dewatered sludge batcher 16, a socle lime stone batcher (for illustrating) and a bed material batcher (not shown) on the platform of stokehold respectively, the dewatered sludge after the sludge drying device processes together enters in the incinerator 19 through the wet mud 20 of sludge bin 18 and first.Feeder is sent into auxiliary fuel 17 in the incinerator 19.Feeding coal is controlled by changing motor speed.Mud and combustion-supporting coal enter burner hearth through batcher, and loose by sending out wind.Mud or fire coal produce a large amount of flue gases 21 and soot particle in the burner hearth internal combustion; Flue gas 21 carries a large amount of uncompleted burned carbon particles after the further combustion heating of upper furnace, enters in the flue gas processing device 22, realizes flue gas and feed separation, and the material that is separated returns burner hearth, realizes circulating combustion.Flue gas enters in the chimney 26 through air-introduced machine 25.The slag of the discharge of incinerator 19 enters slag storehouse 23, and the ash that flue gas processing device 22 is discharged enters grey storehouse 24.Replenish the bed material in stove is sent in the stokehold, keep material balance in the stove.In the present embodiment, incinerator is provided with the lime stone feed bin and screw(-type) feeder is used for desulfuration in furnace.
For guarantee that combustion apparatus carries out all the time under the low excess air coefficient, with the pollution that the generation that suppresses NOx causes, incinerator adopts the segmentation air intake.Incinerator burning required air is provided by first and second blower fan respectively.The wind that primary air fan is sent out in the water cooled wind chamber, by being installed in the blast cap on the air distribution plate, enters the combustion chamber under the introducing stove after the preheating of a wind air preheater; Secondary wind enters burner hearth from the front-back wall overfiren air port, replenishes air and disturbance and mixes.
Adopt bed oil drop fire down.Bed oil drop fire mode down has advantages such as oil consumption is economized, startup is fast, success rate is high, environmental sanitation good, labor strength is low.
(2) waste heat boiler
Waste heat boiler adopts conventional two drum low-pressure superheated steam stoves, and heating surface comprises superheater, convection bank, economizer and air preheater.Waste heat boiler is the matured product of conventional design, does not do at this and gives unnecessary details.
Two, sludge drying system
Sludge drying system is made up of mud reclaimer 3, mud batcher 4, hollow paddle type sludge dryer 8, mud discharging machine 9, condenser 13, dewatered sludge conveyer 10, the waste water tank 1 that condenses.
Moisture content is that 80% wet mud is sent into sludge bin 2 by the mud transfer cart, and wet mud 6 is transported to mud batcher 4 by mud reclaimer 3, and mud batcher 4 is evenly put into hollow paddle type sludge dryer 8 to mud.Dewatered sludge enters the dewatered sludge conveyer by the mud discharging machine, and dewatered sludge conveyer 10 is transported to sludge bin 18 to dewatered sludge and stores.
The thermal source of hollow paddle type sludge dryer 8 is taken from the steam 7 that incinerator produces, and steam 7 heats condense into water after being absorbed by wet mud 6, and condensate water is carried out the aqueous vapor separation by the drain valve (not shown), and condensate water enters the drain tank reuse.
Wet mud 6 is heated the back water evaporates, and escaping gas and mud dust that steam is being carried secretly in the mud enter condenser 13.Be condensed 13 waste water through qualified discharge after the harmless treatment, and waste gas enters boiler and burns.
Three, flue gas purification system
Flue gas purification system is mainly by purifying column, compositions such as sack cleaner, chimney, grey storehouse.
Desulfurization: because the sludge components complexity, the smoke components that burns the back generation is also very complicated.Because CFBB has the premium properties of desulfuration in furnace,, native system carries out desulfurization by the method that adds lime stone in the stove so adopting.
Sour gas control: native system is by removing acidic gas in flue gas in the method for purifying column spray alkali.Spray alkali adopts the high-pressure atomization nozzle.
Bioxin control: CFBB by flue gas in the high-temperature region time of staying chamber design greater than 2 seconds, fire box temperature is controlled at 850～950 ℃ operational management, one time wind, the turbulivity control of secondary wind and the excess air coefficient of appropriateness are controlled, and can control the generation of bioxin well; Adsorb a spot of bioxin with the method for spray active carbon powder again at purifying column, the discharging of Shi bioxin is better than European Union's standard.
Exhaust gas dust is caught by sack cleaner, delivers to grey storehouse by air-transport system.
Flying dust is disposed: flying dust is disposed and is determined according to the chemical examination situation.
Calculating and explanation about sludge incineration " self-balancing "
For instance, the mud that general sewage treatment plant produces, moisture content is 80%, the dewatered sludge calorific value is 3000kCal/kg.
The mud of 1000kg moisture content 80%, moisture content are 800kg, and dewatered sludge is 200kg.
Suppose that normal temperature is 20 ℃.
The needed heat of vaporization 800kg water is
800×【(100-20)+639】＝575200kCal。
The 200kg dewatered sludge burns the heat 200 * 3000=600000kCal that produces.
Therefore, heat reaches self-balancing substantially in theory.
Suppose that boiler efficiency is 70%, the heat that needs so to replenish is
575200-600000×70％＝155200kCal。
Suppose that the raw coal Lower heat value is 5000kCal/kg;
The coal raw coal that needs to replenish is 155200 ÷, 70% ÷ 5000=44.34kg.
Burning sludge, heat reaches self-balancing substantially in theory, as long as add the thermal loss that is used for remedying systems such as boiler less than 5% raw coal in the actual engineering, just can reach energy balance.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following advantage:
The first, environmental-protecting performance excellence
Mud is in uniform high temperature and strong admixture in the circulating fluidized bed incinerator internal combustion.The incinerator running temperature is 850-950 ℃ of scope, and the upper furnace temperature is than bed temperature height.This temperature distributing characteristic both can guarantee the normal burning of mud in the stove, made flue gas that enough time of staying be arranged, and thoroughly destroyed harmful components.Circulating fluidized bed incinerator internal combustion temperature is controlled at below 1000 ℃, adopts reasonably oxygen concentration distribution in the staged air distribution control stove in addition, and the NOx generation seldom.This incinerator adopts Combustion technology of circulating fluidized, can carry out desulfuration in furnace by add agstone in burner hearth, and desulfuration efficiency has been avoided the corrosion of SO2 to heating surface up to 90% (Ca/S=1.5～2).So handle the solution that mud is the most thorough, innoxious, minimizing, stable degree is the highest with incinerating method.
The second, stable and reliable operation
The high-temperature region does not have moving component in the circulating fluidized bed incinerator, adopts the air distribution plate structure, and fault rate is low, year parallel-adder settle-out time can＞7000 hours, boiler refractories service time is more than 3 years, 20 years service life of incinerator global design.
Three, small investment
Present more employing handle mud with the waste incineration and generating electricity technology, the investment generally greater than 350,000 yuan/ton.The Lower heat value of mud is lower, and heat self-balancing still has certain difficulty, if be used for generating, inevitably will become little thermoelectricity.The self-balanced sludge incineration technology does not have unwanted electricity generation system, makes system simplification, and investment reduces, and estimates that investment is in 200,000 yuan/ton under certain scale (greater than 200t/d) situation.Just adopt the waste incineration and generating electricity technology investment 60%.
More than a kind of self-balanced sludge incineration method provided by the present invention and system are described in detail, used specific embodiment herein principle of the present invention and embodiment are set forth, the explanation of above embodiment just is used for helping to understand method of the present invention and core concept thereof; Simultaneously, for one of ordinary skill in the art, according to thought of the present invention, part in specific embodiments and applications all can change.In sum, this description should not be construed as limitation of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a self-balanced sludge incineration method is characterized in that,
Mud is divided into two parts, and first's mud and auxiliary fuel directly enter sludge incineration equipment and burn; The heat that utilizes described sludge incineration equipment to produce carries out drying and other treatment to second portion mud; Second portion mud burns through entering described sludge incineration equipment after the drying and other treatment.
2. sludge incineration method according to claim 1 is characterized in that,
The ratio of described first mud and described second portion mud is 1.5～2.5: 1.
3. a self-balanced sludge incineration system is characterized in that, comprising:
Sludge drying device, sludge incineration device and flue gas processing device; Described sludge drying device, described sludge incineration device and described flue gas processing device are linked in sequence.
4. according to the described sludge incinerating system of claim 3, it is characterized in that,
Described sludge drying device comprises mud reclaimer, mud batcher, mud dryer, mud discharging machine and the dewatered sludge conveyer that connects successively; And its mud dryer also comprises the outlet of dry waste gas, and the outlet of described dry waste gas is connected with condenser inlet, and described condenser is provided with wastewater outlet, and described wastewater outlet is connected with the waste water tank that condenses.
5. according to claim 3 or 4 described sludge incinerating systems, it is characterized in that described sludge incineration device comprises recirculating fluidized bed and the waste heat boiler that is connected.
6. according to the described sludge incinerating system of claim 5, it is characterized in that described recirculating fluidized bed comprises the cylinder type adiabatic furnace, constitute by heat-insulation layer and wear-resistant castable.
7. according to the described sludge incinerating system of claim 6, it is characterized in that described flue gas purification system comprises the purifying column that connects successively, sack cleaner, chimney and Hui Cang.
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| CN112082163A (en) * | 2020-09-09 | 2020-12-15 | 杭州国泰环保科技股份有限公司 | Sludge incineration method and sludge incineration system thereof |
| CN116843836A (en) * | 2023-07-06 | 2023-10-03 | 上海市政工程设计研究总院（集团）有限公司 | Sludge management method, sludge management system and use method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20101110 |