CN112202221A - Battery equalization circuit and method based on bridgeless isolation type current correction technology - Google Patents
Battery equalization circuit and method based on bridgeless isolation type current correction technology Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
- H02J7/0018—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using separate charge circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
- H02J7/007182—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery voltage
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
- H02J7/04—Regulation of charging current or voltage
- H02J7/06—Regulation of charging current or voltage using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a battery equalization circuit and a method based on a bridgeless isolation type current correction technology, and belongs to the technical field of battery equalization circuit design. The invention only adopts a set of equalization conversion circuit with current correction technology, does not bring harmonic pollution to the power grid, greatly reduces the volume and the weight of the system, adopts a management strategy of providing extra charging current for the battery monomer which is slowly charged, does not consume the charged energy in the battery pack, and is beneficial to improving the defect of time lag of the traditional battery equalization method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of battery equalization circuit design, and particularly relates to a battery equalization circuit and a method based on a bridgeless isolation type current correction technology.
Background
The battery pack mostly adopts a large number of single batteries to be charged and discharged after being combined in series, when the battery pack is charged in series, the difference in the aspects of capacity, internal resistance and the like exists among the single batteries, the charging speed of each single battery is possibly uneven, in addition, in the charging process, the difference in the charging speed can be caused due to the uneven spatial temperature distribution and the inconsistent aging degree of the batteries, and therefore the charge state of each single battery is unbalanced in the charging process, and the voltage at the open end is not equal to the outside. The long-term unbalanced charging can amplify the difference between the single batteries, so that the phenomena of overshoot, undercharge and the like of partial batteries are caused, the performance and the practical service life of the batteries are seriously influenced, and even potential safety hazards are brought. Therefore, it becomes important to develop a new and efficient battery equalization circuit and method.
Currently, the conventional equalizing charge management methods are mainly classified into dissipative type and non-dissipative type. The circuit structure of the dissipation type equalizing charge management method is simple, but a large amount of loss is brought. The non-dissipative battery management method has a small loss but a severe time lag. Reducing the time lag of the non-dissipative equalizing battery management method and realizing rapid equalizing charge become the focus of research in the field at present. Generally, in a traditional non-dissipative type equalizing battery management method, each battery monomer is connected with a set of energy conversion circuit in parallel, the energy of the battery monomer which is charged quickly is transferred to the battery monomer which is charged slowly, a large number of energy conversion circuits and frequent discharging and charging of batteries have certain limitations, reliability of a battery pack working for a long time is not facilitated, and even potential safety hazards are brought.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: how to solve the problem that the traditional non-dissipative type equalizing battery management method needs a large number of equalizing circuit devices to realize the energy transfer on different battery cells.
(II) technical scheme
In order to solve the above technical problem, the present invention provides a battery equalization circuit based on a bridgeless isolation type current correction technique, including: the device comprises a battery pack, a balance conversion circuit, a voltage acquisition module and a balance control circuit;
the voltage acquisition module is used for acquiring the voltage of each battery monomer and transmitting a voltage signal to the balance control circuit;
the equalization control circuit is used for sequencing and comparing the voltages of all the battery monomers, if the difference between the maximum voltage of the battery monomer and the minimum voltage of the battery monomer is detected to be greater than a first preset value, the battery monomer with the minimum voltage is cut out of the battery pack, the battery monomer with the minimum voltage is subjected to independent charging management through the equalization conversion circuit, the equalization control circuit monitors the voltages of all the battery monomers in real time through the voltage acquisition module, if the voltage difference between the battery monomer subjected to independent charging management and the battery monomer with the highest voltage in the battery pack is smaller than a second preset value, equalization management is finished, the battery monomer subjected to independent management is cut into the battery pack through the equalization control circuit, and circulation is carried out until the charging current of the whole battery pack is smaller than a third preset value, and charging of the battery pack is finished.
Preferably, the equalization conversion circuit comprises correction switch tubes Q1-Q2, inductors L1-L2, a transformer T1, capacitors C1-C2 and diodes D1-D2, the equalization control circuit comprises N double-pole double-throw switches K1-KN, N +1 single-pole single-throw switches K0-1-K (N) - (N +1), N single-pole single-throw switches K0-2-K (N-1) - (N +1), and the battery pack comprises N batteries E1-EN;
an inductor L1 is connected in series between an L end of an alternating current input and a drain electrode of a correction switch tube Q1, a source electrode of a correction switch tube Q1 is connected with a source electrode of a correction switch tube Q2, a drain electrode of a correction switch tube Q2 is connected with an N end of the alternating current input, a capacitor C1 is connected in series between the drain electrode of a correction switch tube Q1 and a primary side dotted end of a transformer T1, the N end of the alternating current input is connected with a non-dotted end of the transformer T1, a capacitor C2 and an inductor L2 are connected in series between a secondary side dotted end of the transformer T1 and an anode of a diode D1, a secondary side dotted end of the transformer T1 is connected with an anode of a diode D2, and a cathode of a diode D2 is connected with an anode; the cathode of the diode D1 is connected with 1 endpoint of the switches K1, K2, … and KN, and the anode of the diode D2 is connected with 3 endpoints of the switches K1, K2, … and KN; 2 terminals of the switches K1, K2, … and KN are connected with the positive electrodes of the batteries E1, E2, … and EN, and 4 terminals of the switches K1, K2, … and KN are connected with the negative electrodes of the batteries E1, E2, … and EN; the charging positive electrode is connected with the 2 endpoint of the switch K0-1, the charging positive electrode is connected with the 2 endpoint of the switch K0-2, the 1 endpoint of the switch K0-1 is connected with the positive electrode of the battery E1, the negative electrode of the battery E1 is connected with the 2 endpoint of the switch K1-2, the 1 endpoint of the switch K0-2 is connected with the positive electrode of the battery E2, and the 1 endpoint of the switch K1-2 is connected with the positive electrode of the battery E2; in this way, the connection mode of the xth battery is: the positive pole of the battery EX is connected with the 1 endpoint of the switches K (N-1) - (N), the negative pole of the battery EX is connected with the 2 endpoint of the switches K (N) - (N +1), the 2 endpoint of the switches K (N-1) - (N +1) is connected with the 2 endpoint of the switches K (N-1) - (N), and the 1 endpoint of the switches K (N-1) - (N +1) is connected with the 1 endpoint of the switches K (N) - (N + 1); the charging negative electrode is connected with the 1 endpoint of the switch K (N) - (N + 1).
The invention also provides a battery equalization method realized by using the circuit, which comprises the following steps:
the voltage acquisition module acquires the voltage of each battery monomer and transmits a voltage signal to the balance control circuit;
the equalization control circuit sequences and compares the voltages of all the battery monomers, if the difference between the maximum voltage of the battery monomer and the minimum voltage of the battery monomer is detected to be larger than a first preset value, the battery monomer with the minimum voltage is cut out of the battery pack, the equalization conversion circuit performs independent charging management on the battery monomer with the minimum voltage, the equalization control circuit monitors the voltages of all the battery monomers in real time through a voltage acquisition module, if the voltage difference between the battery monomer which is subjected to independent charging management and the battery monomer with the highest voltage in the battery pack is smaller than a second preset value, equalization management is finished, the equalization control circuit cuts the battery monomer which is subjected to independent management into the battery pack at the moment, circulation is carried out, and the charging of the whole battery pack is judged to be finished until the charging current of the whole battery pack is smaller than the preset value.
Preferably, the first preset value is 10 mV.
Preferably, the second preset value is 3 mV.
Preferably, the third preset value is 0.01C.
Preferably, the method comprises the following steps:
when the correction switching tubes Q1 and Q2 are turned on in the case of positive half cycle input of AC input, the AC input U is turned oninThe inductor L1 is charged, the current of the inductor L1 increases linearly, the capacitor C1 charges the excitation inductor Lm of the transformer T1, the diode D2 freewheels, the diode D1 bears reverse voltage and is turned off, the capacitor C2 and the inductor L2 start to resonate, and the voltage U on the capacitor C2C2Starting to rise, correcting the on duty ratio of the switching tubes Q1 and Q2 to be D, and obtainingCurrent i of inductor L1L1＝UinD1/L1Current i of exciting inductance LmLm＝Uc1D1/L1When the secondary side resonant current of the transformer T1 reaches zero, the diode D2 is turned off at zero current, the voltage on the capacitor C2 rises to the maximum value and keeps constant, and in order to realize zero current turn-off, the requirement of meeting the requirement of zero current turn-off
When the correction switching tubes Q1 and Q2 are switched into an off state after being switched on, the charging current of the alternating current input to the capacitor C1 through the inductor L1 is linearly reduced, the diode D1 is switched on, and the secondary current flows to the output end UoCharging, diode D1 turns off with zero current when the secondary current decreases to 0.
Preferably, for the alternating current negative half cycle, the operation mode of the equalization conversion circuit is the same as that of the positive half cycle, and the duty ratio D is obtained from the turning-off of the correction switching tubes Q1 and Q2 to the reduction of the secondary side current to 02According to the volt-second balance principle, the charging and discharging processes of the inductor L1 should be equal in the whole switching process, and U is obtainedinDT＝(Uc1-Uin+n(Uo-Uin/n))D2T, finally obtaining Uo/Uin＝(D+D2)/nD2Wherein n is the turn ratio of the primary and secondary of the transformer T1, and is controlled by D, D2N, obtaining the equalizing charge voltage of the battery, and when the equalizing control circuit detects that the voltage of the Xth battery monomer EX is lower than the highest battery monomer voltage in the battery pack by 10mV, the equalizing control circuit firstly turns off the switch K (X-1) -X and turns on the switches K (X-1) - (X +1) to cut off the battery monomer EX outside the battery pack, then closes the switch KX, and turns on the battery monomer EX with the equalizing conversion circuit to charge the Xth battery monomer EX; and when the voltage of the independently charged battery monomer is detected to be less than 3mV of the voltage of the highest battery monomer in the real-time battery pack, the switch KX is disconnected, the switch K (X-1) -X is closed after the battery monomer EX is separated from the equalization conversion circuit, and then the switches K (X-1) - (X +1) are disconnected, so that the work of merging the battery monomer EX into the battery pack is completed.
The invention also provides application of the circuit in the technical field of battery equalization circuit design.
The invention also provides application of the method in the technical field of battery equalization circuit design.
(III) advantageous effects
The invention can complete the equalizing charge management work of the whole set of battery pack only by one set of equalizing charge circuit, greatly reduces the activity and weight of the equalizing circuit and improves the reliability and efficiency of the battery pack.
The output voltage and current of the equalizing charging circuit are controllable, the equalizing charging circuit can adjust the charging voltage and current of different battery monomers in the battery pack, and the applicability of the equalizing charging circuit to the charging voltage requirements of various batteries is improved.
The battery equalization control mode of the invention is to detect the battery monomer with lower voltage in the battery pack, carry out independent charging management, accelerate the charging speed of the battery monomer with low voltage, and compared with the traditional working mode of transferring the energy of the high-voltage battery monomer to the battery monomer with low voltage, the invention can improve the working efficiency of the system and solve the problem of time lag.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a control flow diagram of a battery equalization circuit implementation based on bridgeless isolated current correction in accordance with the present invention;
fig. 2 is a specific circuit diagram of a battery equalization circuit based on bridgeless isolation type current correction according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, contents, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples.
The invention provides a battery equalization circuit based on a bridgeless isolated current correction technology, which is a battery equalization scheme for converting an alternating current power grid into adjustable charging voltage and independently managing battery monomers with low voltage in a battery pack by means of a control circuit, and comprises the following steps: the battery pack comprises a battery equalization circuit, an equalization conversion circuit, a voltage acquisition module and an equalization control circuit, wherein a figure 1 is an integral control flow chart of the battery pack for equalizing charging, the battery equalization circuit is initialized, the voltage of each battery monomer is acquired through the voltage acquisition module, a voltage signal is transmitted to the equalization control circuit, the equalization control circuit sequences and compares the voltages of the battery monomers, if the difference between the voltage of the maximum battery monomer and the voltage of the minimum battery monomer is detected to be more than 10mV, the battery monomer with the minimum voltage is cut out of the battery pack, the battery monomer with the minimum voltage is subjected to independent charging management through the equalization conversion circuit (a bridgeless isolation type current correction equalization circuit), the equalization control circuit monitors the voltage of each battery monomer in real time through the voltage acquisition module, and if the voltage difference between the battery monomer subjected to independent charging management and the battery monomer with the highest voltage in the battery pack is less than 3mV, and indicating that the equalization management is finished, switching the battery monomer which is managed independently into the battery pack by the equalization control circuit, and circulating the battery monomer until the charging current of the whole battery pack is less than 0.01C, indicating that the battery pack is charged.
As shown in fig. 2, the equalization conversion circuit includes correction switch tubes Q1-Q2, inductors L1-L2, a transformer T1, capacitors C1-C2, and diodes D1-D2, the equalization control circuit includes N double-pole double-throw switches K1-KN, N +1 single-pole single-throw switches K0-1-K (N) - (N +1) (where 0-1 and (N) - (N +1) represent the numbers of point locations), N single-pole single-throw switches K0-2-K (N-1) - (N +1), and the battery pack includes N batteries E1-EN; according to the device shown in fig. 2, an inductor L1 is connected in series between an L terminal of an ac input and a drain of a correction switch tube Q1, a source of a correction switch tube Q1 is connected to a source of a correction switch tube Q2, a drain of a correction switch tube Q2 is connected to an N terminal of an ac input, a capacitor C1 is connected in series between a drain of a correction switch tube Q1 and a primary-side dotted terminal of a transformer T1, the N terminal of the ac input is connected to a non-dotted terminal of a transformer T1, a capacitor C2 and an inductor L2 are connected in series between a secondary-dotted terminal of the transformer T1 and an anode of a diode D1, a secondary-dotted terminal of a transformer T1 is connected to an anode of a diode D2, and a cathode of a diode D3985 is connected to an anode of a diode; the cathode of the diode D1 is connected with 1 endpoint of the switches K1, K2, … and KN, and the anode of the diode D2 is connected with 3 endpoints of the switches K1, K2, … and KN; 2 terminals of the switches K1, K2, … and KN are connected with the positive electrodes of the batteries E1, E2, … and EN, and 4 terminals of the switches K1, K2, … and KN are connected with the negative electrodes of the batteries E1, E2, … and EN; the charging positive electrode is connected with the 2 endpoint of the switch K0-1, the charging positive electrode is connected with the 2 endpoint of the switch K0-2, the 1 endpoint of the switch K0-1 is connected with the positive electrode of the battery E1, the negative electrode of the battery E1 is connected with the 2 endpoint of the switch K1-2, the 1 endpoint of the switch K0-2 is connected with the positive electrode of the battery E2, and the 1 endpoint of the switch K1-2 is connected with the positive electrode of the battery E2; in a sequential mode, the connection mode of the Xth battery is that the anode of the battery EX is connected with 1 endpoint of the switches K (N-1) - (N), the cathode of the battery EX is connected with 2 endpoints of the switches K (N) - (N +1), the 2 endpoints of the switches K (N-1) - (N +1) are connected with 2 endpoints of the switches K (N-1) - (N), and the 1 endpoint of the switches K (N-1) - (N +1) is connected with 1 endpoint of the switches K (N) - (N + 1); the charging negative electrode is connected with the 1 endpoint of the switch K (N) - (N + 1).
The specific implementation of the invention is shown in fig. 2, and the specific working principle is as follows: when the correction switching tubes Q1 and Q2 are turned on in the case of positive half cycle input of AC input, the AC input U is turned oninThe inductor L1 is charged, the inductive current increases linearly, the capacitor C1 charges the excitation inductor Lm of the transformer T1, the diode D2 freewheels, the diode D1 bears reverse voltage and is turned off, the capacitor C2 and the inductor L2 start to resonate, and the voltage U on the capacitor C2C2When the current starts to rise slowly and the on duty ratio of the correction switching tubes Q1 and Q2 is D, the current i of the inductor L1 can be obtainedL1＝UinD1/L1Current i of exciting inductance LmLm＝Uc1D1/L1When the secondary side resonant current of the transformer T1 reaches zero, the diode D2 is turned off at zero current, the voltage on the capacitor C2 rises to the maximum value and keeps constant, and in order to realize zero current turn-off, the requirement of meeting the requirement of zero current turn-off
When the correction switching tubes Q1 and Q2 are switched into an off state after being switched on, the charging current of the alternating current input to the capacitor C1 through the inductor L1 is linearly reduced, the diode D1 is switched on, and the secondary current flows to the output end UoCharging, when the secondary side current is reduced to 0, the diode D1 is turned off by zero current; for the alternating current negative half cycle, the operation of the balance conversion circuit is the same as that of the positive half cycle, and the duty ratio D is obtained from the turning-off of the correction switching tubes Q1 and Q2 to the reduction of the secondary side current to 02According to the volt-second balance principle, the charging and discharging processes of the inductor L1 should be equal in the whole switching process, and U is obtainedinDT＝(Uc1-Uin+n(Uo-Uin/n))D2T, finally obtaining Uo/Uin＝(D+D2)/nD2Wherein n is the turn ratio of the primary and secondary of the transformer T1, and is controlled by D, D2And n, obtaining the equalizing charging voltage of the battery. When the equalization control circuit detects that the voltage of the Xth battery monomer EX is lower than the highest battery monomer voltage in the battery pack by 10mV, the switches K (X-1) -X are turned off firstly and the switches K (X-1) - (X +1) are turned on through the control of a single chip microcomputer in the equalization control circuit (corresponding to the battery pack equalization conversion strategy in fig. 2), so that the battery monomer EX is cut out of the battery pack, the rest battery monomers are ensured to be continuously charged, the switch KX is turned on, the battery monomer EX is turned on with the equalization conversion circuit, the battery monomers can be prevented from being influenced by the battery pack, the charging current can be adjusted according to the voltage state, and the low-voltage battery monomers can be rapidly charged; and when the voltage of the independently charged battery monomer is detected to be less than 3mV of the voltage of the highest battery monomer in the real-time battery pack, the switch KX is disconnected, the switch K (X-1) -X is closed after the battery monomer EX is separated from the equalization conversion circuit, and then the switches K (X-1) - (X +1) are disconnected, so that the work of merging the battery monomer EX into the battery pack is completed.
The invention only adopts a set of equalization conversion circuit with current correction technology, does not bring harmonic pollution to the power grid, greatly reduces the volume and the weight of the system, adopts a management strategy of providing extra charging current for the battery monomer which is slowly charged, does not consume the charged energy in the battery pack, and is beneficial to improving the defect of time lag of the traditional battery equalization method. Therefore, the battery equalization circuit and the method based on the bridgeless isolation type current correction technology can additionally perform charging management on the battery monomer with low voltage under the condition of not slowing down the charging speed of the battery pack so as to achieve the effect of voltage equalization.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A battery equalization circuit based on a bridgeless isolation type current correction technology is characterized by comprising: the device comprises a battery pack, a balance conversion circuit, a voltage acquisition module and a balance control circuit;
the voltage acquisition module is used for acquiring the voltage of each battery monomer and transmitting a voltage signal to the balance control circuit;
the equalization control circuit is used for sequencing and comparing the voltages of all the battery monomers, if the difference between the maximum voltage of the battery monomer and the minimum voltage of the battery monomer is detected to be greater than a first preset value, the battery monomer with the minimum voltage is cut out of the battery pack, the battery monomer with the minimum voltage is subjected to independent charging management through the equalization conversion circuit, the equalization control circuit monitors the voltages of all the battery monomers in real time through the voltage acquisition module, if the voltage difference between the battery monomer subjected to independent charging management and the battery monomer with the highest voltage in the battery pack is smaller than a second preset value, equalization management is finished, the battery monomer subjected to independent management is cut into the battery pack through the equalization control circuit, and circulation is carried out until the charging current of the whole battery pack is smaller than a third preset value, and charging of the battery pack is finished.
2. The circuit of claim 1, wherein the equalization conversion circuit comprises correction switching tubes Q1-Q2, inductors L1-L2, a transformer T1, capacitors C1-C2, and diodes D1-D2, the equalization control circuit comprises N double-pole double-throw switches K1-KN, N +1 single-pole single-throw switches K0-1-K (N) - (N +1), N single-pole single-throw switches K0-2-K (N-1) - (N +1), and the battery pack comprises N batteries E1-EN;
an inductor L1 is connected in series between an L end of an alternating current input and a drain electrode of a correction switch tube Q1, a source electrode of a correction switch tube Q1 is connected with a source electrode of a correction switch tube Q2, a drain electrode of a correction switch tube Q2 is connected with an N end of the alternating current input, a capacitor C1 is connected in series between the drain electrode of a correction switch tube Q1 and a primary side dotted end of a transformer T1, the N end of the alternating current input is connected with a non-dotted end of the transformer T1, a capacitor C2 and an inductor L2 are connected in series between a secondary side dotted end of the transformer T1 and an anode of a diode D1, a secondary side dotted end of the transformer T1 is connected with an anode of a diode D2, and a cathode of a diode D2 is connected with an anode; the cathode of the diode D1 is connected with 1 endpoint of the switches K1, K2, … and KN, and the anode of the diode D2 is connected with 3 endpoints of the switches K1, K2, … and KN; 2 terminals of the switches K1, K2, … and KN are connected with the positive electrodes of the batteries E1, E2, … and EN, and 4 terminals of the switches K1, K2, … and KN are connected with the negative electrodes of the batteries E1, E2, … and EN; the charging positive electrode is connected with the 2 endpoint of the switch K0-1, the charging positive electrode is connected with the 2 endpoint of the switch K0-2, the 1 endpoint of the switch K0-1 is connected with the positive electrode of the battery E1, the negative electrode of the battery E1 is connected with the 2 endpoint of the switch K1-2, the 1 endpoint of the switch K0-2 is connected with the positive electrode of the battery E2, and the 1 endpoint of the switch K1-2 is connected with the positive electrode of the battery E2; in this way, the connection mode of the xth battery is: the positive pole of the battery EX is connected with the 1 endpoint of the switches K (N-1) - (N), the negative pole of the battery EX is connected with the 2 endpoint of the switches K (N) - (N +1), the 2 endpoint of the switches K (N-1) - (N +1) is connected with the 2 endpoint of the switches K (N-1) - (N), and the 1 endpoint of the switches K (N-1) - (N +1) is connected with the 1 endpoint of the switches K (N) - (N + 1); the charging negative electrode is connected with the 1 endpoint of the switch K (N) - (N + 1).
3. A method for equalizing a battery using the circuit of claim 1 or 2, comprising the steps of:
the voltage acquisition module acquires the voltage of each battery monomer and transmits a voltage signal to the balance control circuit;
the equalization control circuit sequences and compares the voltages of all the battery monomers, if the difference between the maximum voltage of the battery monomer and the minimum voltage of the battery monomer is detected to be larger than a first preset value, the battery monomer with the minimum voltage is cut out of the battery pack, the equalization conversion circuit performs independent charging management on the battery monomer with the minimum voltage, the equalization control circuit monitors the voltages of all the battery monomers in real time through a voltage acquisition module, if the voltage difference between the battery monomer which is subjected to independent charging management and the battery monomer with the highest voltage in the battery pack is smaller than a second preset value, equalization management is finished, the equalization control circuit cuts the battery monomer which is subjected to independent management into the battery pack at the moment, circulation is carried out, and the charging of the whole battery pack is judged to be finished until the charging current of the whole battery pack is smaller than the preset value.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the first predetermined value is 10 mV.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the second predetermined value is 3 mV.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the third predetermined value is 0.01C.
7. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that it comprises in particular the steps of:
when the correction switching tubes Q1 and Q2 are turned on in the case of positive half cycle input of AC input, the AC input U is turned oninThe inductor L1 is charged, the current of the inductor L1 increases linearly, the capacitor C1 charges the excitation inductor Lm of the transformer T1, the diode D2 freewheels, the diode D1 bears reverse voltage and is turned off, the capacitor C2 and the inductor L2 start to resonate, and the voltage U on the capacitor C2C2When the rising is started, the on duty ratio of the correction switching tubes Q1 and Q2 is D, and the current i of the inductor L1 is obtainedL1＝UinD1/L1Current i of exciting inductance LmLm＝Uc1D1/L1When the secondary side resonant current of the transformer T1 reaches zero, the diode D2 is turned off at zero current, the voltage on the capacitor C2 rises to the maximum value and keeps constant, and in order to realize zero current turn-off, the requirement of meeting the requirement of zero current turn-off
When the correction switching tubes Q1 and Q2 are switched into an off state after being switched on, the charging current of the alternating current input to the capacitor C1 through the inductor L1 is linearly reduced, the diode D1 is switched on, and the secondary current flows to the output end UoCharging, diode D1 turns off with zero current when the secondary current decreases to 0.
8. The method of claim 7The method is characterized in that for the alternating current negative half cycle, the operation mode of the balance conversion circuit is the same as that of the positive half cycle, and the duty ratio D is obtained from the turning-off of the correction switching tubes Q1 and Q2 to the reduction of the secondary side current to 02According to the volt-second balance principle, the charging and discharging processes of the inductor L1 should be equal in the whole switching process, and U is obtainedinDT＝(Uc1-Uin+n(Uo-Uin/n))D2T, finally obtaining Uo/Uin＝(D+D2)/nD2Wherein n is the turn ratio of the primary and secondary of the transformer T1, and is controlled by D, D2N, obtaining the equalizing charge voltage of the battery, and when the equalizing control circuit detects that the voltage of the Xth battery monomer EX is lower than the highest battery monomer voltage of 10mY in the battery pack, the equalizing control circuit firstly turns off the switch K (X-1) -X and turns on the switches K (X-1) - (X +1) to cut off the battery monomer EX outside the battery pack, then turns on the switch KX, and the battery monomer EX is switched on with the equalizing conversion circuit to charge the Xth battery monomer EX; and when the voltage of the independently charged battery monomer is detected to be less than 3mY of the voltage of the highest battery monomer in the real-time battery pack, the switch KX is disconnected, the switch K (X-1) -X is closed after the battery monomer EX is separated from the equalization conversion circuit, and then the switch K (X-1) - (X +1) is disconnected, so that the work of merging the battery monomer EX into the battery pack is completed.
9. Use of the circuit of claim 1 or 2 in the field of battery equalization circuit design.
10. Use of the method of any one of claims 3 to 8 in the field of battery equalization circuit design.
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