CN108599560B - Multi-bootstrap cascade DC-DC converter with two-capacitor clamping for photovoltaic system - Google Patents

Multi-bootstrap cascade DC-DC converter with two-capacitor clamping for photovoltaic system Download PDF

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CN108599560B
CN108599560B CN201810445747.6A CN201810445747A CN108599560B CN 108599560 B CN108599560 B CN 108599560B CN 201810445747 A CN201810445747 A CN 201810445747A CN 108599560 B CN108599560 B CN 108599560B
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diode
capacitor
converter
inductor
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CN108599560A (en
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林明耀
艾建
刘同民
陈云琦
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Southeast University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/1563—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators without using an external clock
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers

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  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-bootstrap cascade DC-DC converter clamped by two capacitors for a photovoltaic system, which integrates a leakage inductance clamping circuit structure of the two capacitors and uses a coupling inductor to liftOn the basis of the boosting capacity of the high converter, the energy of the leakage inductance of the coupling inductor is provided with a released loop, so that the circuit resonance problem caused by the energy of the leakage inductance is avoided, and the efficiency of the circuit is improved; the cascade type booster circuit structure is fused, the voltage gain is further improved, the number of the switching tubes S is not increased, the control difficulty of the system is not increased, and the switching tubes S and the output rectifier diodes D are connected in seriesoThe electrical stress of the device is not affected; the boost converter integrates the boost unit structure of the multiple bootstrap units, and compared with the traditional boost converter, the boost converter has the advantages that the boost performance is improved; compared with a boosting unit with a traditional single bootstrap unit structure, the converter has excellent boosting voltage performance along with the increase of the duty ratio.

Description

Multi-bootstrap cascade DC-DC converter with two-capacitor clamping for photovoltaic system
Technical Field
The invention relates to a DC-DC converter, in particular to a dual-capacitor clamped multi-bootstrap cascade type DC-DC converter for a photovoltaic system.
Background
With the gradual depletion of traditional fossil energy and the increasing deterioration of human living environment, the development of clean renewable energy has been in the forefront, and all countries in the world are dedicated to research and development of new energy application, wherein solar energy and wind energy are widely applied. However, for these systems, how to operate in a grid-connected manner and meet the high voltage requirements in the power grid still remains the most important issue. A number of BOOST converters are currently being developed to meet these applications, and in various converters, conventional BOOST converters can theoretically increase the voltage gain by increasing the duty cycle. In practice, however, very high voltage gain cannot be achieved due to the limitations of parasitic parameters. If a cascade topology structure is adopted, the problem of low efficiency caused by the increase of the number of devices is highlighted.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention aims to provide a cascade type multi-bootstrap DC-DC converter for a photovoltaic system, which can improve the efficiency and the gain ratio.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention relates to a double-capacitor-clamped multi-bootstrap cascade type DC-DC converter for a photovoltaic system, which comprises an input power supply VinInput power supply VinPositive electrodes of the two electrodes are respectively connected with an inductor L1And a freewheeling diode D4Anode of (2), inductor L1The other ends of the two capacitors are respectively connected with a capacitor C3And a freewheeling diode D2Anode of (2), capacitor C3The other ends of the two are respectively connected with a fly-wheel diode D1Anode and freewheeling diode D4Cathode of (D), freewheeling diode D1The cathodes of the two are respectively connected with a primary winding L of a coupling inductor2One terminal of (1), a clamping capacitor CbOne terminal of and a capacitor C1Coupled to the primary winding L of the inductor2Are respectively connected with a clamping diode DbAnode of (2), freewheel diode D2And the drain of the switching tube S, a clamping diode DbRespectively connected with a capacitor C4And a freewheeling diode D5Anode of (2), capacitor C4The other ends of the two capacitors are respectively connected with a clamping capacitor CbAnd the other end of the coupling inductor secondary winding L3Coupled to the secondary winding L of the inductor3The other ends of the two are respectively connected with a fly-wheel diode D5Cathode and output diode DoAnode of (2), output rectifying diode DoRespectively connected with output capacitors CoOne terminal of the load resistor R, and an output capacitor CoThe other end of the load resistor R, the source electrode of the switching tube S and the capacitor C1The other ends of the two ends are respectively connected with an input power supply VinThe negative electrode of (1).
Further, the device also comprises a freewheeling diode D3Freewheel diode D3Anode of the transformer is connected with a secondary winding L of a coupling inductor3One terminal of (D), a freewheeling diode D3Cathode of (2) is connected with an output diode DoOf (2) an anode. Providing a secondary winding L of a coupled inductor3The energy of the converter provides a circulating way, two paths of charging are realized simultaneously, and the boosting capacity of the converter is increased.
Further, the capacitor C is also included2Capacitor C2One end of which is connected with a freewheeling diode D5Cathode of (2), capacitor C2The other end of the first diode is connected with an output diode DoOf (2) an anode. Capacitor C2And a freewheeling diode D3Together forming a bootstrap booster unit for storing the secondary winding L of the coupled inductor3And the energy is released to the load, so that the boosting capacity of the converter is improved.
Has the advantages that: the invention discloses a multi-bootstrap cascade DC-DC converter clamped by two capacitors for a photovoltaic system, which has the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art:
1) the invention integrates the two-capacitor leakage inductance clamping circuit structure, and on the basis of improving the boost capability of the converter by using the coupling inductor, the energy of the leakage inductance of the coupling inductor is provided with a released loop, thereby avoiding the circuit resonance problem caused by the energy of the leakage inductance and simultaneously improving the efficiency of the circuit;
2) the invention integrates the cascade booster circuit structure, the voltage gain is further improved, the number of the switch tubes S is not increased, the control difficulty of the system is not increased, and the switch tubes S and the output rectifier diodes D are not increasedoThe electrical stress of the device is not affected;
3) the boost converter integrates the boost unit structure of the multiple bootstrap units, and compared with the traditional boost converter, the boost converter has the advantages that the boost performance is improved; compared with a boosting unit with a traditional single bootstrap unit structure, the converter has excellent boosting voltage performance along with the increase of the duty ratio.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of a boost converter in a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of a boost converter in a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a boost converter in a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a boost converter in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is an equivalent diagram of a first switching mode of the boost converter in accordance with the second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is an equivalent diagram of a second switching mode of the boost converter in accordance with the second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is an equivalent diagram of a third switching mode of the boost converter in accordance with the second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is an equivalent diagram of a fourth switching mode of the boost converter in accordance with the second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is an equivalent diagram of a fifth switching mode of the boost converter in accordance with the second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 shows the voltage across the drain-source of the switching tube S of the boost converter, the output voltage VoAnd an output rectifier diode DoA waveform diagram of the current of (a);
FIG. 11 is a diagram of the primary winding L of the coupling inductor and the voltage across the S drain-source of the switching tube of the boost converter in the second embodiment of the present invention2Primary winding L of current and coupling inductor2A waveform plot of the voltage across;
FIG. 12 shows the voltage across the S drain-source of the switch tube of the boost converter and the capacitor C in the second embodiment of the present invention2Current and capacitance C3A waveform diagram of the current of (a);
FIG. 13 shows the voltage across the drain and source of the switching transistor S of the boost converter, the freewheeling diode D, in accordance with the second embodiment of the present invention2Current and freewheeling diode D3Waveform diagram of the current.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be further described with reference to the following embodiments.
The first embodiment of the invention discloses a dual-capacitor clamped multi-bootstrap cascaded DC-DC converter for a photovoltaic system, which comprises an input power supply V as shown in figure 1inInput power supply VinPositive electrode of (2) is connected with an inductor L1One terminal of (1), inductance L1The other ends of the two are respectively connected with a fly-wheel diode D1Anode and freewheeling diode D2Anode of (2), freewheeling diode D1The cathodes of the two are respectively connected with a primary winding L of a coupling inductor2One terminal of (1), a capacitor C1And a freewheeling diode D5Coupled to the primary winding L of the inductor2The other ends of the two capacitors are respectively connected with a capacitor C4One terminal of (D), a freewheeling diode D2And the drain electrode of the switching tube S, and a capacitor C4The other ends of the two are respectively connected with a fly-wheel diode D5Cathode and capacitor C3And a freewheeling diode D4Anode of (2), capacitor C3The other ends of the two are respectively connected with a fly-wheel diode D3Anode of and secondary winding L of coupling inductor3Coupled to the secondary winding L of the inductor3The other ends of the two are respectively connected with a fly-wheel diode D4Cathode and capacitor C2One terminal of (C), a capacitor2The other ends of the two are respectively connected with a fly-wheel diode D3Cathode and output diode DoAnode of (2), output rectifying diode DoRespectively connected with output capacitors CoOne terminal of the load resistor R, and an output capacitor CoThe other end of the load resistor R, the source electrode of the switching tube S and the capacitor C1The other ends of the two ends are respectively connected with an input power supply VinThe negative electrode of (1).
The second embodiment of the invention is added with a freewheeling diode D on the basis of the first embodiment3And a capacitor C2As shown in fig. 2, a free-wheeling diode D3Anode of the transformer is connected with a secondary winding L of a coupling inductor3One terminal of (D), a freewheeling diode D3Cathode of (2) is connected with an output diode DoThe anode of (1); capacitor C2One end of which is connected with a freewheeling diode D5Cathode of (2), capacitor C2The other end of the first diode is connected with an output diode DoOf (2) an anode.
The switch tube S is a MOSFET or an IGBT.
FIG. 3 shows an equivalent circuit diagram of a boost converter according to a second embodiment of the present invention, in which a primary winding L of a coupling inductor is provided1The equivalent circuit of (1) is leakage inductance LKAnd an excitation inductance LMIdeal number of turns of primary transformer N1Ideal number of turns N for secondary transformer2. Current of input power is iinThe voltage of the input power is VinInductance L1Current is
Figure BDA0001657136010000034
Inductor L1A voltage of both sides of
Figure BDA0001657136010000031
Coupled inductor primary winding excitation inductor LMCurrent of
Figure BDA0001657136010000032
Coupled inductor primary winding excitation inductor LMA voltage of both sides of
Figure BDA0001657136010000035
Coupled inductor primary winding leakage inductance LKCurrent of
Figure BDA0001657136010000033
Coupled inductor primary winding leakage inductance LKA voltage of both sides of
Figure BDA0001657136010000036
Secondary winding L of coupling inductor3Current of
Figure BDA0001657136010000037
Secondary winding L of coupling inductor3A voltage of both sides of
Figure BDA0001657136010000041
Output rectifier diode DoCurrent of
Figure BDA0001657136010000042
Output rectifier diode DoA voltage across is
Figure BDA0001657136010000043
The current flowing through the switching tube S is iSThe voltage across the switching tube S is VSDiode DbCurrent of
Figure BDA0001657136010000044
Dipolar bodyPipe DbA voltage across is
Figure BDA0001657136010000045
Diode D1Current ofDiode D1A voltage across is
Figure BDA0001657136010000048
Diode D2Current of
Figure BDA0001657136010000049
Diode D2A voltage across is
Figure BDA0001657136010000047
Diode D3Current of
Figure BDA00016571360100000410
Diode D3A voltage across is
Figure BDA00016571360100000411
Diode D4Current of
Figure BDA00016571360100000412
Diode D4A voltage across isDiode D5Current of
Figure BDA00016571360100000414
Diode D5A voltage across is
Figure BDA00016571360100000415
Capacitor CbCurrent of
Figure BDA00016571360100000418
Capacitor CbA voltage across is
Figure BDA00016571360100000419
Capacitor C1Current ofCapacitor C1A voltage across is
Figure BDA00016571360100000417
Capacitor C2Current of
Figure BDA00016571360100000420
Capacitor C2A voltage across is
Figure BDA00016571360100000421
Capacitor C3Current of
Figure BDA00016571360100000422
Capacitor C3A voltage across is
Figure BDA00016571360100000423
Capacitor C4Current ofCapacitor C4A voltage across is
Figure BDA00016571360100000425
Output capacitor CoCurrent ofOutput capacitor CoA voltage across is
Figure BDA00016571360100000427
The current of the load resistor R is io。
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the boost converter. The working process of the boost converter is divided into 5 switching modes, namely a first switching mode to a fifth switching mode and a resistorRFor a load, in particularThe description is as follows:
first switching mode, corresponding to [ t ] in FIG. 40,t1]: FIG. 5 shows an equivalent circuit including a switching tube S and a freewheeling diode D2Freewheel diode D4And an output diode DoConduction and current flow path are shown in FIG. 5, and power is supplied to the inductor L1And a capacitor C3Simultaneous charging, inductance L1Storage energy, capacitor C1Primary winding L of coupled inductor2Charging and coupling inductor secondary winding L3Through an output diode DoCapacitor C2A clamp capacitor CbAnd a capacitor C1The formed loop flows to the output capacitor CoAnd a load R.
Second switching mode, corresponding to [ t ] in FIG. 41,t2]: equivalent circuit fig. 6 shows a switching tube S and a freewheeling diode D2Freewheel diode D3Freewheel diode D5And a freewheeling diode D4Conduction, the current flow path is as shown in fig. 6, the power supply continues to supply the inductor L1And a capacitor C3Simultaneous charging, inductance L1And a capacitor C3Continuing to store energy, capacitor C1Continue to supply the primary winding L of the coupling inductor2Charging and coupling inductor primary winding L2The voltage rises while coupling the secondary winding L of the inductor3The voltage rises and the secondary winding L of the inductor is coupled3Through a freewheeling diode D3And a freewheeling diode D5Capacitor C2And a capacitor C4Charging and output capacitor CoDischarging to the load R.
The third switching mode, corresponding to [ t ] in FIG. 42,t3]: equivalent circuit shown in FIG. 7, the switching tube S is at t2Time-off, while freewheeling diode D1And an output diode DoAnd a clamping diode DbTurn-on, freewheel diode D2And a freewheeling diode D4Turning off, the current flow path is shown in FIG. 7, the power supply, the inductor L1And a capacitor C3Capacitor C1Charging and coupling inductor primary winding leakage inductance LKEnergy passing clampDiode DbCapacitor C4And a clamp capacitor CbThe formed loop releases and couples the secondary winding L of the inductor3Through a freewheeling diode D5And a freewheeling diode D3Discharge to the output capacitor CoAnd a load R.
Fourth switching mode, corresponding to [ t ] in FIG. 43,t4]: in the equivalent circuit shown in FIG. 8, the switch tube S is kept off and the freewheeling diode D1And an output diode DoAnd a clamping diode DbContinued turn-on, freewheeling diode D3And a freewheeling diode D5Turning off, the current flow path is shown in FIG. 8, the power supply, the inductor L1Capacitor C3Primary winding L of coupled inductor2Secondary winding L of coupled inductor3Capacitor C2And a capacitor C4Discharge to load R together with capacitor C1And an output capacitor CoAnd (6) charging. Coupled inductor primary winding leakage inductance LKEnergy passing through clamping diode DbCapacitor C4And a clamp capacitor CbThe formed loop is released.
Fifth switching mode, corresponding to [ t ] in FIG. 44,t5]: FIG. 9 shows an equivalent circuit in which the switching tube is turned off and the freewheeling diode D is turned on1And an output rectifier diode DoContinuing to turn on, clamping diode DbTurn-off, freewheeling diode D2Freewheel diode D5And a freewheeling diode D3The switch-off is continued, the current flow path is as shown in fig. 9, the power supply and the inductor L1Capacitor C3Secondary winding L of coupled inductor3A clamp capacitor CbAnd a capacitor C2Simultaneously discharging energy to the load and to the capacitor C1And an output capacitor CoCharging while coupling inductor leakage inductance LKThe energy release is finished.
The gain expression from the above analysis is:
Figure BDA0001657136010000051
wherein D is the duty ratio of the switching tube S, N is the turn ratio of the primary side and the secondary side of the coupling inductor, and K is the coupling coefficient of the coupling inductor.
When the converter works according to the first switching mode to the fifth switching mode, the leakage-source voltage of a switching tube S and a primary winding L of a coupling inductor in the circuit2Two-terminal voltage and current output rectifier diode DoCurrent, output voltage, freewheel diode D2Current, freewheel diode D3Current, capacitance C2Current and capacitance C3The waveform of the current of (a) is specifically described as follows:
in FIG. 10, the input voltage Vin24V, output voltage Vo380V, the voltage difference V between the drain and the source of the switch tube SDSHas a vertical coordinate of 50V/cell and an output diode DoCurrent ofOrdinate of 2.5A/cell, output voltage VoThe ordinate is 100 volts per cell.
In FIG. 11, the input voltage Vin24V, output voltage Vo380V, the voltage difference V between the drain and the source of the switch tube SDSHas a vertical coordinate of 50V/unit grid, and is coupled with a primary winding L of the inductor2Voltage of
Figure BDA0001657136010000053
Primary winding L of coupling inductor with ordinate of 50V/unit grid2Current of
Figure BDA0001657136010000054
The ordinate is 5 ampere per cell.
In FIG. 12, the input voltage Vin24V, output voltage Vo380V, the voltage difference V between the drain and the source of the switch tube SDSHas a vertical coordinate of 50V/cell, a capacitance C2Current of
Figure BDA0001657136010000055
Ordinate 2.5A/cell, capacitance C3Current ofThe ordinate is 10 amps/cell.
In FIG. 13, the input voltage Vin24V, output voltage Vo380V, the voltage difference V between the drain and the source of the switch tube SDSHas a vertical coordinate of 50V/cell, diode D2Current of
Figure BDA0001657136010000062
Ordinate 10A/cell, diode D3Current of
Figure BDA0001657136010000063
The ordinate is 2.5 amps/cell.

Claims (3)

1. The multi-bootstrap cascade type DC-DC converter clamped by two capacitors for the photovoltaic system is characterized in that: comprising an input source VinInput power supply VinPositive electrodes of the two electrodes are respectively connected with an inductor L1And a freewheeling diode D4Anode of (2), inductor L1The other ends of the two capacitors are respectively connected with a capacitor C3And a freewheeling diode D2Anode of (2), capacitor C3The other ends of the two are respectively connected with a fly-wheel diode D1Anode and freewheeling diode D4Cathode of (D), freewheeling diode D1The cathodes of the two are respectively connected with a primary winding L of a coupling inductor2One terminal of (1), a clamping capacitor CbOne terminal of and a capacitor C1Coupled to the primary winding L of the inductor2Are respectively connected with a clamping diode DbAnode of (2), freewheel diode D2And the drain of the switching tube S, a clamping diode DbRespectively connected with a capacitor C4And a freewheeling diode D5Anode of (2), capacitor C4The other ends of the two capacitors are respectively connected with a clamping capacitor CbAnd the other end of the coupling inductor secondary winding L3Coupled to the secondary winding L of the inductor3The other ends of the two are respectively connected with a fly-wheel diode D5Cathode and output diode DoAnode of (2), output rectifying diode DoRespectively connected with output capacitors CoOne terminal of the load resistor R, and an output capacitor CoThe other end of the load resistor R, the source electrode of the switching tube S and the capacitor C1The other ends of the two ends are respectively connected with an input power supply VinThe negative electrode of (1).
2. The multi-bootstrap cascade type DC-DC converter for a photovoltaic system clamped by two capacitors as claimed in claim 1, wherein: further comprises a freewheeling diode D3Freewheel diode D3Anode of the transformer is connected with a secondary winding L of a coupling inductor3One terminal of (D), a freewheeling diode D3Cathode of (2) is connected with an output diode DoOf (2) an anode.
3. The multi-bootstrap cascade type DC-DC converter for a photovoltaic system as recited in claim 2, wherein: and a capacitor C2Capacitor C2One end of which is connected with a freewheeling diode D5Cathode of (2), capacitor C2The other end of the first diode is connected with an output diode DoOf (2) an anode.
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