CN112194893A - 一种耐水解增强阻燃pa6-pok合金材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种耐水解增强阻燃pa6-pok合金材料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于高分子材料技术领域,公开了一种耐水解增强阻燃PA6‑POK合金材料及其制备方法。按重量份数计,本发明的耐水解增强阻燃PA6‑POK合金材料包含尼龙树脂40‑70份,聚酮树脂15‑45份,阻燃剂10‑20份,协效阻燃剂3‑10份,界面改性剂3‑8份,玻璃纤维25‑45份,抗氧剂0.4‑0.7份,润滑剂0.4‑0.8份。相较于现有技术,该PA6‑POK合金材料具有吸水率低、湿态体积电阻率高、翘曲小以及耐水性优良等特点,而且其机械性能可以与增强阻燃PA6媲美,因此,具有比增强阻燃PA6更为广泛的应用领域,可用于高温高湿环境中的电子电气零件。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及高分子材料技术领域,具体是涉及一种耐水解增强阻燃PA6-POK合金材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
尼龙6(PA6)具有机械性能好、耐油、耐溶剂、耐磨等优点,被广泛应用于电子电器、汽车、家电等行业。然而,尼龙6具有很强的吸水性限制了其在某些湿度较大的领域上的应用。具体地,对于市场上玻纤增强阻燃尼龙6材料而言,具有几个比较大的缺点:1.耐水解性差;2.湿态体积电阻率低;3.吸水率高;4.容易翘曲变形;5.阻燃剂使用量大。
为了解决以上问题,现有技术一般都是加入低吸水剂、抗水解剂来提升材料耐水解性;加入成核剂来改善材料的尺寸稳定性;复配阻燃剂来提升材料的阻燃效率。然而,这些技术都是通过外加型助剂来改善尼龙本身的吸水性、耐水解性、尺寸稳定性、湿态体积电阻率以及尺寸稳定性,不能很好地解决各组分界面之间相容性和耐水解性等问题,而且外加型助剂容易迁移失效。因此,目前的技术并不能从根本上解决增强阻燃尼龙6存在的缺陷。
此外,中国专利CN107974076A采用PA6/POK合金的方式来解决传统PA6增强阻燃材料成型效率低、尺寸稳定性差、湿态体积电阻率高、阻燃剂使用量大等问题,提供了一种包含尼龙树脂、聚酮树脂、阻燃剂、阻燃协效剂、相容剂、短切纤维、抗氧剂和润滑剂的增强阻燃PA6/POK合金材料。然而,该材料的吸水率仍然较高,容易翘曲变形,湿态体积电阻率也有待提升。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了克服上述背景技术的不足,提供一种耐水解增强阻燃PA6-POK合金材料及其制备方法,相较于现有技术,该PA6-POK合金材料具有吸水率低、湿态体积电阻率高、翘曲小以及耐水性优良等特点,而且其机械性能可以与增强阻燃PA6媲美,因此,具有比增强阻燃PA6更为广泛的应用领域,可用于高温高湿环境中的电子电气零件。
为达到本发明的目的,本发明的耐水解增强阻燃PA6-POK合金材料包含尼龙树脂、聚酮树脂、阻燃剂、协效阻燃剂、界面改性剂、玻璃纤维、抗氧剂和润滑剂。
优选地,所述耐水解增强阻燃PA6-POK合金材料按重量份计包含:
进一步地,在本发明的一些实施例中,所述尼龙树脂为PA6,由己内酰胺在水溶液中先水解再缩合而成,并且以氨基封端,熔融指数为40-60g/10min。
进一步地,在本发明的一些实施例中,所述聚酮树脂为脂肪族聚酮(POK),熔融指数为50-70g/10min。所述脂肪族聚酮(POK)可由乙烯、一氧化碳、丙烯高压共聚而成。
进一步地,在本发明的一些实施例中,所述阻燃剂为溴化环氧树脂、聚溴化苯乙烯、八溴醚、溴代三嗪、四溴双酚A中的至少一种。
优选地,在本发明的一些实施例中,所述协效阻燃剂为三氧化二锑、锡酸锌、硼酸锌、次磷酸锌、次磷酸铝、聚磷酸铵、二苯基磷酸酯中的至少一种。
进一步地,在本发明的一些实施例中,所述界面改性剂为聚乙烯酯环氧树脂(LDPE-g-MAH-g-ECH)。
优选地,所述聚乙烯酯环氧树脂是先由马来酸酐与低密度聚乙烯进行接枝反应,然后再与环氧氯丙烷反应而成;更优选地,所述聚乙烯酯环氧树脂的环氧值为0.5-0.6mmol/g,酸值为0.7-0.8mg/g。
进一步地,在本发明的一些实施例中,所述玻璃纤维为经过环氧树脂蜡浸滞的耐水解无碱短切扁平玻璃纤维;优选地,所述浸渍具体步骤为:(1)将玻纤投入装有环氧树脂溶液的釜中;(2)开启搅拌桨,转速为60-70转/分钟,浸渍时间3-8分钟;(3)将浸渍过的玻纤转移至115-125℃烘箱热烘1-2小时后备用;更优选地,所述玻璃纤维的纤维长度为3-5mm,单丝截面尺寸为24μm×6μm,扁平比为3.5-4.5。
进一步地,在本发明的一些实施例中,所述抗氧剂为N,N'-双-(3-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酰基)己二胺、季戊四醇四(3-月桂基硫代丙酸酯)和3,9-二(2,4-二枯基苯氧基)-2,4,8,10-四氧杂-3,9-二磷杂螺[5.5]十一烷的复配物,其质量比为1.5-2.5:0.8-1.2:1。
进一步地,在本发明的一些实施例中,所述润滑剂为乙撑双硬酯酰胺和乙烯丙烯酸共聚物的复配物,其质量比为1:2-4。
进一步地,本发明还提供了一种前述耐水解增强阻燃PA6-POK合金材料的制备方法,所述方法包含以下步骤:
(1)按以下重量份数称取原料:
(2)混合原料:将步骤(1)称取的原料除玻璃纤维之外投入到混料机中混合,混匀之后备用;
(3)挤出造粒:将混匀后的原料从主喂料口加入,玻璃纤维从侧喂料口加入,经双螺杆挤出机熔融、挤出、造粒,最终获得耐水解阻燃PA6-POK合金材料。
进一步地,所述双螺杆挤出机为齿合型同向平行双螺杆挤出机,长径比为40:1,加工过程中,保持挤出机转速为300转/分钟,各温区温度分别为:一区220℃、二区235℃、三区235℃、四区235℃、五区210℃、六区210℃、七区210℃、八区210℃、机头温度230℃。
与现有技术相比,本发明的优点如下:
(1)本发明采用的主要原材料经过特殊处理(或封端处理,或表面改性),更好地解决了物料的分散性、各组分之间的相容性以及耐水解等问题,而不是通过外加小分子助剂来改善以上性能;
(2)本发明加入自制的高分子界面改性剂聚乙烯酯环氧树脂,它由马来酸酐先与低密度聚乙烯进行接枝反应,然后再与环氧氯丙烷反应而成,这种界面改性剂在加工过程中可以通过马来酸酐与尼龙反应,通过聚乙烯可以与POK互溶,通过环氧树脂可以与玻纤、阻燃剂互溶,在四者中间起到了很好的“桥联”作用,从根本上解决组分之间界面相容性以及耐水解的问题;
(3)本发明引入环氧树脂蜡浸滞耐水解无碱短切扁平玻璃纤维解决了材料在加工过程中容易翘曲变形的问题,该扁平玻纤在受力时存在各向异性,在注塑成型过程中扁平玻纤沿流动方向取向,而垂直流动方向的截面则是横纵无规则交错排列,这种特殊的结构使得材料不容易发生异向变形;因此,根据玻纤构型来改善材料翘曲变形问题,而不使用添加型小分子助剂。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合实施例,对本发明进行进一步详细说明。本发明的附加方面和优点将在下面的描述中部分给出,部分将从下面的描述中变得明显,或通过本发明的实践了解到。应当理解,以下描述仅仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
本文中所用的术语“包含”、“包括”、“具有”、“含有”或其任何其它变形,意在覆盖非排它性的包括。例如,包含所列要素的组合物、步骤、方法、制品或装置不必仅限于那些要素,而是可以包括未明确列出的其它要素或此种组合物、步骤、方法、制品或装置所固有的要素。
此外,本发明所描述的术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本发明的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中,对上述术语的示意性表述不是必须针对相同的实施例或示例。
若无特殊说明,本发明的实施例和对比例中,所述尼龙树脂为PA6,由己内酰胺在水溶液中先水解再缩合而成,并且以氨基封端,熔融指数为40-60g/10min;所述聚酮树脂为脂肪族聚酮(POK),熔融指数为50-70g/10min;所述阻燃剂为溴化环氧树脂、聚溴化苯乙烯、八溴醚、溴代三嗪、四溴双酚A中的任一种(本发明实施例和对比例中其他条件不变,使用这些阻燃剂中的任一种与本发明的任一种协效阻燃剂共同使用,对性能的影响极小,可以忽略不计);所述协效阻燃剂为三氧化二锑、锡酸锌、硼酸锌、次磷酸锌、次磷酸铝、聚磷酸铵、二苯基磷酸酯中的至少一种;所述界面改性剂为聚乙烯酯环氧树脂(LDPE-g-MAH-g-ECH),先由马来酸酐与低密度聚乙烯进行接枝反应,然后再与环氧氯丙烷反应而成,环氧值为0.5-0.6mmol/g,酸值为0.7-0.8mg/g;所述玻璃纤维为经过环氧树脂蜡浸滞的耐水解无碱短切扁平玻璃纤维,所述浸渍具体步骤为:(1)将玻纤投入装有环氧树脂溶液的釜中;(2)开启搅拌桨,转速为60-70转/分钟,浸渍时间5分钟;(3)将浸渍过的玻纤转移至120℃烘箱热烘1.5小时后备用;纤维长度为3-5mm,单丝截面尺寸为24μm×6μm,扁平比为4;所述抗氧剂为N,N'-双-(3-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酰基)己二胺、季戊四醇四(3-月桂基硫代丙酸酯)和3,9-二(2,4-二枯基苯氧基)-2,4,8,10-四氧杂-3,9-二磷杂螺[5.5]十一烷的复配物,其质量比为2:1:1;所述润滑剂为乙撑双硬酯酰胺和乙烯丙烯酸共聚物的复配物,其质量比为1:3。
本发明各个实施方式中所涉及到的技术特征只要彼此之间未构成冲突就可以相互组合。
实施例1
一种耐水解增强阻燃PA6-POK合金材料,按重量份计包含:
将上述物料除玻璃纤维之外投入到混料机中混合,混匀后放入主下料桶,经双螺杆挤出机熔融、挤出、造粒,挤出过程中36份玻璃纤维通过侧喂料的方式加入,挤出机长径比40:1,挤出转速300RPM,挤出机各温区的温度分别为:一区220℃、二区235℃、三区235℃、四区235℃、五区210℃、六区210℃、七区210℃、八区210℃、机头温度230℃。
实施例2
一种耐水解增强阻燃PA6-POK合金材料,按重量份计包含:
将上述物料除玻璃纤维之外投入到混料机中混合,混匀后放入主下料桶,经双螺杆挤出机熔融、挤出、造粒,挤出过程中36份玻璃纤维通过侧喂料的方式加入,挤出机长径比40:1,挤出转速300RPM,挤出机各温区的温度分别为:一区220℃、二区235℃、三区235℃、四区235℃、五区210℃、六区210℃、七区210℃、八区210℃、机头温度230℃。
实施例3
一种耐水解增强阻燃PA6-POK合金材料,按重量份计包含:
将上述物料除玻璃纤维之外投入到混料机中混合,混匀后放入主下料桶,经双螺杆挤出机熔融、挤出、造粒,挤出过程中36份玻璃纤维通过侧喂料的方式加入,挤出机长径比40:1,挤出转速300RPM,挤出机各温区的温度分别为:一区220℃、二区235℃、三区235℃、四区235℃、五区210℃、六区210℃、七区210℃、八区210℃、机头温度230℃。
实施例4
一种耐水解增强阻燃PA6-POK合金材料,按重量份计包含:
将上述物料除玻璃纤维之外投入到混料机中混合,混匀后放入主下料桶,经双螺杆挤出机熔融、挤出、造粒,挤出过程中36份玻璃纤维通过侧喂料的方式加入,挤出机长径比40:1,挤出转速300RPM,挤出机各温区的温度分别为:一区220℃、二区235℃、三区235℃、四区235℃、五区210℃、六区210℃、七区210℃、八区210℃、机头温度230℃。
对比例1
一种PA6合金材料,按重量份计包含:
将上述物料除玻璃纤维之外投入到混料机中混合,混匀后放入主下料桶,经双螺杆挤出机熔融、挤出、造粒,挤出过程中38份玻璃纤维通过侧喂料的方式加入,挤出机长径比40:1,挤出转速300RPM,挤出机各温区的温度分别为:一区220℃、二区235℃、三区235℃、四区235℃、五区210℃、六区210℃、七区210℃、八区210℃、机头温度230℃。
对比例2
一种PA6-POK合金材料,按重量份计包含:
将上述物料除玻璃纤维之外投入到混料机中混合,混匀后放入主下料桶,经双螺杆挤出机熔融、挤出、造粒,挤出过程中36份玻璃纤维通过侧喂料的方式加入,挤出机长径比40:1,挤出转速300RPM,挤出机各温区的温度分别为:一区220℃、二区235℃、三区235℃、四区235℃、五区210℃、六区210℃、七区210℃、八区210℃、机头温度230℃。
对比例3
一种PA6-POK合金材料,按重量份计包含:
将上述物料除玻璃纤维之外投入到混料机中混合,混匀后放入主下料桶,经双螺杆挤出机熔融、挤出、造粒,挤出过程中36份玻璃纤维通过侧喂料的方式加入,挤出机长径比40:1,挤出转速300RPM,挤出机各温区的温度分别为:一区220℃、二区235℃、三区235℃、四区235℃、五区210℃、六区210℃、七区210℃、八区210℃、机头温度230℃。
对比例4
一种PA6-POK合金材料,按重量份计包含:
效果实施例
将以上实施例和对比例制得的材料采用ISO标准样条模具,在注塑机上注塑成测试样条。
本发明中各项测试标准如下:
1.吸水率ISO 62-2008
2.湿态体积电阻率IEC 60093-1980
4.拉伸强度ISO 527-1/2-2012
5.弯曲强度ISO 178-2010
6.缺口冲击强度ISO 179-1-2010
7.无缺口冲击强度ISO 179-1-2010
8.垂直燃烧UL94
测试样条常规性能如表1所示。
表1实施例和对比例测试样条常规性能数据对比
测试样条经80℃水浴浸泡96h,然后120℃烘干后的性能数据如表2所示。
表2实施例和对比例测试样条浸泡96h烘干后性能数据对比
测试样条经80℃水浴浸泡192h,然后120℃烘干后的性能数据见表3。
表3实施例和对比例测试样条浸泡192h烘干后性能数据对比
测试样条经80℃水浴浸泡288h,然后120℃烘干后的性能数据见表4。
表4实施例和对比例测试样条浸泡288h烘干后性能数据对比
对以上测试数据进行分析可知:
(1)聚酮和环氧树脂蜡浸滞扁平玻纤加入到尼龙阻燃体系中有效地降低了翘曲形变量以及吸水率,并且提高了材料的湿态体积电阻率;
(2)界面改性剂聚乙烯酯环氧树脂起到了很好地桥联作用,使体系内各组分很好地结合在一起,加入界面改性剂既提升了材料的物理性能,又提升了材料的耐水解性;
(3)经过环氧树脂蜡浸滞处理的扁平玻纤与树脂的结合性更好,并且更耐水解。
本领域的技术人员容易理解,以上所述仅为本发明的实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种耐水解增强阻燃PA6-POK合金材料,其特征在于,所述耐水解增强阻燃PA6-POK合金材料包含尼龙树脂、聚酮树脂、阻燃剂、协效阻燃剂、界面改性剂、玻璃纤维、抗氧剂和润滑剂。
3.根据权利要求1所述的耐水解增强阻燃PA6-POK合金材料,其特征在于,所述尼龙树脂为PA6,由己内酰胺在水溶液中先水解再缩合而成,并且以氨基封端,熔融指数为40-60g/10min。
4.根据权利要求1所述的耐水解增强阻燃PA6-POK合金材料,其特征在于,所述阻燃剂为溴化环氧树脂、聚溴化苯乙烯、八溴醚、溴代三嗪、四溴双酚A中的至少一种;优选地,所述协效阻燃剂为三氧化二锑、锡酸锌、硼酸锌、次磷酸锌、次磷酸铝、聚磷酸铵、二苯基磷酸酯中的至少一种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的耐水解增强阻燃PA6-POK合金材料,其特征在于,所述界面改性剂为聚乙烯酯环氧树脂;优选地,所述聚乙烯酯环氧树脂是先由马来酸酐与低密度聚乙烯进行接枝反应,然后再与环氧氯丙烷反应而成;更优选地,所述聚乙烯酯环氧树脂的环氧值为0.5-0.6mmol/g,酸值为0.7-0.8mg/g。
6.根据权利要求1所述的耐水解增强阻燃PA6-POK合金材料,其特征在于,所述玻璃纤维为经过环氧树脂蜡浸滞的耐水解无碱短切扁平玻璃纤维;优选地,所述浸渍具体步骤为:(1)将玻纤投入装有环氧树脂溶液的釜中;(2)开启搅拌桨,转速为60-70转/分钟,浸渍时间3-8分钟;(3)将浸渍过的玻纤转移至115-125℃烘箱热烘1-2小时后备用;更优选地,所述玻璃纤维的纤维长度为3-5mm,单丝截面尺寸为24μm×6μm,扁平比为3.5-4.5。
7.根据权利要求1所述的耐水解增强阻燃PA6-POK合金材料,其特征在于,所述抗氧剂为N,N'-双-(3-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酰基)己二胺、季戊四醇四(3-月桂基硫代丙酸酯)和3,9-二(2,4-二枯基苯氧基)-2,4,8,10-四氧杂-3,9-二磷杂螺[5.5]十一烷的复配物,其质量比为1.5-2.5:0.8-1.2:1。
8.根据权利要求1所述的耐水解增强阻燃PA6-POK合金材料,其特征在于,所述润滑剂为乙撑双硬酯酰胺和乙烯丙烯酸共聚物的复配物,其质量比为1:2-4。
10.根据权利要求9所述耐水解增强阻燃PA6-POK合金材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述双螺杆挤出机为齿合型同向平行双螺杆挤出机,长径比为40:1,加工过程中,保持挤出机转速为300转/分钟,各温区温度分别为:一区220℃、二区235℃、三区235℃、四区235℃、五区210℃、六区210℃、七区210℃、八区210℃、机头温度230℃。
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Denomination of invention: A hydrolysis resistant and flame retardant PA6-POK alloy material and its preparation method Effective date of registration: 20231202 Granted publication date: 20230407 Pledgee: Agricultural Bank of China Limited Dongyang sub branch Pledgor: HENGDIAN GROUP DEBANG ENGINEERING PLASTIC CO.,LTD. Registration number: Y2023330002892 |