CN112194670A - 一种有机化合物和使用该化合物的有机电致发光器件 - Google Patents
一种有机化合物和使用该化合物的有机电致发光器件 Download PDFInfo
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- CN112194670A CN112194670A CN202010985879.5A CN202010985879A CN112194670A CN 112194670 A CN112194670 A CN 112194670A CN 202010985879 A CN202010985879 A CN 202010985879A CN 112194670 A CN112194670 A CN 112194670A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D519/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing more than one system of two or more relevant hetero rings condensed among themselves or condensed with a common carbocyclic ring system not provided for in groups C07D453/00 or C07D455/00
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D471/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00
- C07D471/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
- C07D471/04—Ortho-condensed systems
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F7/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
- C07F7/02—Silicon compounds
- C07F7/08—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages
- C07F7/0803—Compounds with Si-C or Si-Si linkages
- C07F7/081—Compounds with Si-C or Si-Si linkages comprising at least one atom selected from the elements N, O, halogen, S, Se or Te
- C07F7/0812—Compounds with Si-C or Si-Si linkages comprising at least one atom selected from the elements N, O, halogen, S, Se or Te comprising a heterocyclic ring
- C07F7/0816—Compounds with Si-C or Si-Si linkages comprising at least one atom selected from the elements N, O, halogen, S, Se or Te comprising a heterocyclic ring said ring comprising Si as a ring atom
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- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
- C09K11/06—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing organic luminescent materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/40—Organosilicon compounds, e.g. TIPS pentacene
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/615—Polycyclic condensed aromatic hydrocarbons, e.g. anthracene
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/615—Polycyclic condensed aromatic hydrocarbons, e.g. anthracene
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种应用于有机光电领域的一种有机化合物和使用该化合物的有机光电元件,该有机化合物的分子结构式如通式(I)所示。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及有机电致发光领域的一种有机化合物和使用该化合物的有机电致发光器件。
背景技术
有机电致发光器件(OLED:Organic Light Emission Diodes)有视角广阔、响应速度快、色彩质量高、可实现柔性发光等优点,具有广阔的应用前景。OLED器件通常是类三明治结构,包括正负电极膜层及夹在电极膜层之间的有机功能材料层。对OLED器件的电极施加电压,正电荷从正极注入,负电荷从负极注入,在电场作用下正负电荷在有机层中迁移相遇复合发光。已被广泛应用于新型照明灯具、智能手机及平板电脑等产品的显示面板,进一步还将向电视等大尺寸显示产品应用领域扩展,是一种发展快、技术要求高的新型显示技术。有机EL元件为自发光性元件,因此与液晶元件相比明亮且可见性优异,因此近年来得到广泛研究。
一个效率好寿命长的有机电致发光器件通常是器件结构与各种有机材料的优化搭配的结果。常见的OLED器件通常包括以下种类的有机材料:空穴注入材料、空穴传输材料、电子传输材料,以及各色的发光材料(染料或者掺杂客体材料)和相应的主体材料等。
尽管有机电致发光的研究进展非常迅速,但仍有很多亟待解决的问题,比如外量子效率(EQE)的提高,色纯度更高的新材料的设计与合成、高效电子传输/空穴阻挡新材料的设计与合成等。对于有机电致发光器件来说,器件的发光量子效率是各种因素的综合反映,也是衡量器件品质的一个重要指标。一般来说,造成器件EQE低的一个主要原因,是由发光材料的电荷注入与传输不平衡引起的。同时,这种不平衡也严重地影响器件的稳定性,使电流将作无效的(不发光)流动,进一步使器件达不到实用化的要求。
通常,空穴传输材料的电子迁移速率比电子传输材料的电子迁移速率高出两个数量级,为使电子和空穴在发光层很好的复合形成激子并发光,通常在制备有机二极管发光器件中采用空穴阻挡层阻止空穴到达电子传输层。空穴阻挡材料应具有较低的HOMO能级,更高的电子迁移速率,更高的三线态能级及较高的氧化电位和较宽的带隙,以提高其电子的传输能力及空穴和激子的阻挡能力,使激子限制在发光层中,减少光能量的损失,大大提高了器件效率。
由于很多有机材料能有效地传输空穴,所以为了提高器件的发光效率,在很多情况下,往往在阴极一侧额外加一层电子传输/空穴阻挡层,以阻挡空穴传输,将载流子复合限制在发光层区域。2,9-二甲基-4,7-二苯基-1,10-邻二氮杂菲(BCP)和1,3,5-三(N-苯基-2-苯并咪唑)苯(TPBI)是广泛应用于电致发光器件中的电子传输/空穴阻挡材料,但其在器件中稳定性有待进一步提高。因而,设计发展高三重态能级空穴阻挡材料(Hole-blockinglayer,HBL)或电子传输材料具有重要意义。一方面增加电子与空穴在发光层中复合几率,减少光能量的损失,提高器件效率。
本发明的有机化合物具有较高的电子传输性能,使激子复合和能量传递更加充分;电子和空穴的传递更加平衡,器件的效率提高,电压降低,使用寿命延长。本发明化合物不对称的结构特性提高器件效率,热稳定性、成膜等性能。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有有机电子传输/空穴阻挡材料中存在的问题,有效提高其电子的传输能力及空穴和激子的阻挡能力,使激子限制在发光层中,减少光能量的损失,进一步提高OLED器件的效率和稳定性。
本发明提供了一种有机化合物的有机电子传输和/或空穴阻挡材料及其合成方法,以及使用该化合物的有机光电元件;通过分子设计,引入一些具有刚性结构的大取代基使其不易形成二聚体激基缔合物,并抑制其结晶过程,改善其成膜性,提高其电荷传输性能。
本发明提供一种有机化合物,其结构式如通式(I)所示:
其中,X选自CR或N;L独立地选自单键、取代或未取代的芳基、取代或未取代的杂芳基;
R和Ar独立地选自氢、氘原子、氰基、氟原子、C1-C12的烷基、C1-C8的烷氧基、C2-C8取代或未取代的烯基、C2-C8取代或未取代的炔基、取代或未取代的C6-C60芳基、取代或未取代的C2-C60的杂芳基;
A独立地选自取代或未取代的C2-C60的基团形成并环;n为0-7的整数。
本发明提供一种有机化合物,由式(I)-1至(I)-3中的一者表示,
优选的,本发明提供一种有机化合物,A独立地选自一下结构:
进一步的,本发明提供一种有机化合物结构式中,Ar独立地选自甲基、已基、丙基、异丙基、正丁基、叔丁基、正己基、C1-C4烷基取代或未取代的以下基团之一、或它们的组合物,但不代表限于此:(可以取代以下基团任何一个原本有活性氢的位置)
进一步的,本发明提供一种有机化合物结构式中,L独立地选自单键或以下代表结构L-1至L-55,但不代表限于此:
优选的,本发明提供一种有机化合物结构式中,R独立地选自以下代表结构,但不代表限于此:
作为优选,本发明所述的有机化合物独立地选自下列化合物,但不代表限于此:
本发明要求保护一种有机电致发光器件,包括阴极层、阳极层和有机层,该有机层包括空穴注入层、空穴传输层、发光层、空穴阻挡层、电子注入层、电子传输层中的至少一层,并且该器件的有机层中至少有一层含有结构式Ⅰ的所述的有机化合物。
在本发明中,所述有机物层优选包括发光层和电子传输层,所述电子传输层中含有上述技术方案所述的有机电致器件用化合物,所述电子传输层中的有机化合物可以相同也可以不同。结构式Ⅰ所述的有机化合物可以单独使用,或和其他化合物混合使用。
有机电致发光器件的有机层中可以单独使用一种选自结构式Ⅰ所述的有机化合物,或同时使用两种或两种以上选自结构式Ⅰ所述的有机化合物。
本发明有机电致发光器件中,使用结构式Ⅰ所述的化合物为电子传输层。
本发明有机电致发光器件中,使用结构式I所述的化合物为空穴阻挡层。
本发明有机电致发光器件中,使用结构式Ⅰ所述的化合物为电子注入层。
本发明有机电致发光器件中,使用结构式Ⅰ所述的化合物为构成发光层。
本发明所述的有机光电器件是有机光伏器件、有机发光器件(OLED)、有机太阳电池(OSC)、电子纸(e-paper)、有机感光体(OPC)、有机薄膜晶体管(OTFT)及有机内存器件(Organic Memory Element)中任意一种。
在本发明中,有机光电器件是可以利用喷溅涂覆法、电子束蒸发、真空蒸镀等方法在基板上蒸镀金属或具有导电性的氧化物以及它们的合金形成阳极;在制备得到的阳极表面按顺序蒸镀空穴注入层、空穴传输层、发光层、空气阻挡层和电子传输层,以后再蒸镀阴极的方法制备。以上方法以外基板上按阴极、有机物层、阳极顺序蒸镀制作有机电致器件。所述有机物层是也可以包括空穴注入层、空穴传输层、发光层、空穴阻挡层及电子传输层等多层结构。在本发明中有机物层是采用高分子材料按溶剂工程(旋转涂膜(spin-coating)、薄带成型(tape-casting)、刮片法(doctor-blading)、丝网印刷(Screen-Printing)、喷墨印刷或热成像(Thermal-Imaging)等)替代蒸镀方法制备,可以减少器件层数。
根据本发明的有机电致发光器件所使用的材料可以分为顶发射、低发射或双面发射。根据本发明实施方案的有机电致器件的化合物可以有机发光器件类似的原理适用于有机太阳能电池、照明的OLED、柔性OLED、有机感光体,有机薄膜晶体管等电致器件方面。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
本发明一种有机化合物通过单键连接的多个吸电子共轭平面基团,空间对称性差,不易结晶分解,提高了材料的玻璃化温度,保证了材料长时间蒸镀不被分解;本发明的有机化合物应用于电致发光器件,具有较大的T1能够阻挡激子扩散,提高器件的效率和寿命;本发明的一种有机化合物能够平衡空穴和电子的传递,提高器件的寿命。
附图说明
图1为本发明的一种有机电致发光二极管器件结构层图;
其中,110代表基板,120表示阳极,130表示空穴注入层,140表示空穴传输层,150表示发光层,160表示空穴阻挡层,170表示电子传输层,180表示电子注入层,190表示阴极。
图2为本发明的化合物C-1的TGA曲线图
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合具体实施例,对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
合成例
实施例1:化合物C-1的制备
(1)中间体-1的制备
在氮气氛下,在反应容器中装入2-氯-3-氨基吡啶(11克)、二苯并呋喃-4-硼酸(21克)、四氢呋喃(120毫升),加入预先将碳酸钾(15.7克)溶解于水(56mL)形成的水溶液,加入醋酸钯(0.5克),三苯基膦(2.1克)在加热回流下搅拌一晚。自然冷却后,将醋酸乙酯加入体系内,进行提取操作,将有机层浓缩而得到粗产物。在该粗产物中加入石油醚,将析出的固体过滤而取出,由此得到2-(二苯并呋喃-4-基)-3-氨基吡啶(中间体-1)24.6克(收率94%)。
(2)中间体2的制备
在圆底烧瓶中装入中间体-1(13克)、三乙胺(5克)、二氯甲烷(120毫升),在冰冷搅拌的体系内滴入预先将3-溴苯甲酰氯(15克)溶解于二氯甲烷(80毫升)而成的溶液。将反应温度提高到室温后,搅拌一晚。在反应系内加入冰水,将有机层浓缩而得到粗产物。在该粗产物中加入石油醚,析出的固体过滤而取得3-溴-N-{2-(二苯并呋喃-4-基)-吡啶-3-基}-苯甲酰胺。接着,在反应容器中装入上述3-溴-N-{2-(二苯并呋喃-4-基)-吡啶-3-基}-苯甲酰胺、三氯氧磷(18克)和1,2-二氯苯(100毫升)中加入12N盐酸:4ml,在140℃下搅拌一晚。自然冷却后,加入NaOH水溶液进行中和。用二氯甲烷进行萃取,将有机层浓缩而得到粗产物。在该粗产物中加入甲醇,将析出的固体过滤而取出,由此得到中间体2(12.2克)(收率58%)。
(3)中间体中间体-3的制备
在氮气氛下,在圆底烧瓶中加入中间体-2(21克),联硼酸酯(17克),醋酸钾(20克),Pd(dppf)2Cl2(0.5克),1,4-二氧六环(200毫升),混合物在80-90度反应24小时后,冷却,用硅藻土过滤,滤液浓缩后,用石油醚/乙醇进行重结晶,得到中间体-3(21.4克),产率90%。
(4)化合物C-1的制备
在氮气氛下,在反应容器中装入中间体-3(4.8克)、2-溴-9苯基1,10-邻菲咯啉(3.4克)、四氢呋喃(80毫升),加入预先将2M碳酸钾水溶液(50毫升),加入醋酸钯(0.2克),三苯基膦(1.1克)在加热回流下搅拌一晚。自然冷却后,将二氯甲烷加入体系内,进行萃取操作,将有机层浓缩而得到粗产物。在该粗产物用二氯甲烷/乙酸乙酯过硅胶柱,获得化合物C-1,5.2克(收率87%);LC-MS:M/Z 601.2(M+H)+,热分解温度(5%失重):533.4度。
实施例2:化合物C-2的合成
与化合物C-1的合成路线类似,将合成中间体-1的二苯并呋喃-4-硼酸用二苯并噻吩-4-硼酸替换,依次得到中间体-4,中间体-5,中间体-6,和化合物C-2,中间体-6到化合物C-2的产率73%;LC-MS:M/Z 617.2(M+H)+。
实施例3:化合物C-3的合成
与化合物C-1的合成路线类似,将合成中间体-1的二苯并呋喃-4-硼酸用9,9-二甲基芴-1-硼酸替换,依次得到中间体-7,中间体-8,中间体-9,和化合物C-3,中间体-9到化合物C-3的产率83%;LC-MS:M/Z 627.3(M+H)+。
实施例4:化合物C-19的合成
类似地,化合物C-19可以按以上路线进行合成,中间体-12至化合物C-19的产率为81%;LC-MS:M/Z 601.2(M+H)+。
实施例5:化合物C-20的合成
以实施例4为参考,合成化合物C-20,产率为65%;LC-MS:M/Z 617.1(M+H)+。
实施例6:化合物D-1的合成
以实施例1为参考,用5-溴烟酸和中间体-1为原料,经以上步骤后得到化合物D-1,产率81%;LC-MS:M/Z 602.1(M+H)+。
实施例7:化合物E-1的合成
以实施例1为参考,用3-溴萘甲酸和中间体-1为原料,经以上步骤后得到化合物E-1,产率76%;LC-MS:M/Z 651.2(M+H)+。
在本发明的一种优选实施方式中,本发明的OLED器件中含有空穴传输层,空穴传输材料可以优选自已知或未知的材料,特别优选地选自以下结构,但并不代表本发明限于以下结构:
为了改善空穴的浓度和传输的平衡性,空穴传输层可以包含一种或多种p型掺杂剂,形成空穴注入层。本发明优选的p型掺杂剂为以下结构,但不限于此:
本发明的一种优选实施方式中,所述的电子传输层可以选自本发明的化合物,也可以化合物ET-1至ET-8的至少一种,但不限于此:
在本发明另外优选的一种实施方式中,通式1中的化合物可以单独作为电子传输层材料,也可以掺杂以3%至60%的有机锂试剂,如LiQ等共同形成电子传输层或电子注入层。
在本发明另外优选的一种实施方式中,通式(1)中的化合物可以单独作为OLED器件的发光层,也可以作为掺杂剂与另一有机化合物形成发光层,更优选地作为荧光或磷光化合物的主体材料,所述掺杂剂优选是一种或多种磷光掺杂剂,可以优选自铱(Ir)、铜(Cu)、或铂(Pt)的络合物的任意已知和未知的结构。
为了形成本发明有机光电器件的各层,可采用真空蒸镀、溅射、离子电镀等方法,或湿法成膜如旋涂、打印、印刷等本领域技术人员熟知的方法。所用的溶剂没有特别限制,可以使用本领域技术人员熟知的例如甲苯、二甲苯、均三甲苯、四氢化萘、十氢萘、双环己烷、正丁基苯、仲丁基苯、叔丁基苯等不饱和烃溶剂、四氯化碳、氯仿、二氯甲烷、二氯乙烷、氯丁烷、溴丁烷、氯戊烷、溴戊烷、氯己烷、溴己烷、氯环己烷、溴环己烷等卤化饱和烃溶剂,氯苯、二氯苯、三氯苯等卤化不饱和烃溶剂,四氢呋喃、四氢吡喃等醚溶剂。
器件实施例
OLED器件的制造:
在发光面积为2mm×2mm大小的ITO玻璃的表面蒸镀p掺杂材料P-1~P-5或者将此p掺杂材料以1%~5%浓度与表中所述的化合物共蒸形成5-100nm的空穴注入层(HIL),5-200nm的空穴传输层(HTL),随后在空穴传输层上形成10-100nm的发光层(EML)(可含有所述的化合物),最后依次用所述的化合物形成电子传输层(ETL)20-200nm和阴极50-200nm,如有必要在HTL和EML层中间加入电子阻挡层(EBL),在ETL和阴极间加入电子注入层(EIL)从而制造了有机发光元件。通过标准方法表征所述OLED,列于表1
本发明所用的EML层由以下化合物构成,BH1:BD1的体积比为98:2:
表1为本发明实施例和比较例制备得到的有机发光器件的性能检测结果。
从上述表1结果中,采用本发明提供的化合物制备有机电致发光器件,与传统的电子传输材料ET-2相比(比较器件例1与实施器件例1),使用本发明提供的化合物制备的OLED电流效率有了明显的提高,电压下降。与单一的电子传输材料如ET-1,ET-3,ET-5相比,实施器件例1至11与比较器件例2至4相比,发光效率提升10-20%,电压下降比较明显。实施器件例12说明本发明的化合物可以作为HBL材料,降低电压,提升发光效率。
本发明通过双吸电子体系的构建,可以明显改善材料的电子传输性能。实验结果也表明,本发明公开的化合物可以用于发光层电子传输层材料、或者空穴阻挡层材料,可以明显增加发光效率,平衡了空穴与电子对显然也可以延长使用寿命。化合物C-1的热分解温度(5%失重)达到了533度,说明此类化合物具有很好的热稳定性。
以上对本发明的实施方式进行了详细的说明,本领域技术人员在考虑说明书及实践这里公开的发明后,将容易想到本申请的其它实施方案。本申请旨在涵盖本申请的任何变型、用途或者适应性变化,这些变型、用途或者适应性变化遵循本申请的一般性原理并包括本公开未公开的本技术领域中的公知常识或惯用技术手段。说明书和实施例仅被视为示例性的,本申请的真正范围和精神由下面的权利要求指出。
应当理解的是,本申请并不局限于上面已经描述并在附图中示出的精确结构,并且可以在不脱离其范围进行各种修改和改变。本申请的范围仅由所附的权利要求来限制。以上所述仅为本申请的较佳实施例,并不用以限制本申请,凡在本申请的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。
以上所述,仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,根据本发明的技术方案及其发明构思加以等同替换或改变,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (13)
8.一种有机电致发光器件,包括阴极层、阳极层和有机层,该有机层包括空穴注入层、空穴传输层、发光层、空穴阻挡层、电子注入层、电子传输层中的至少一层,其特征在于:该器件的有机层中至少有一层含有权利要求1至权利要求7任一权利要求所述的有机化合物。
9.根据权利要求8所述的有机电致发光器件,其特征在于,权利要求1至权利要求7任一权利要求所述的化合物可以单独使用,或和其他化合物混合使用。
10.根据权利要求5所述的有机电致发光器件,其特征在于,单独使用一种选自如权利要求1至权利要求7所述的有机化合物,或同时使用两种或两种以上选自如权利要求1至权利要求7所述有机化合物。
11.根据权利要求8所述的有机电致发光器件,其特征在于,使用权利要求1至权利要求7所述有机化合物作为电子传输层。
12.根据权利要求8所述的有机电致发光元件,其特征在于,使用权利要求1至权利要求7所述有机化合物作为空穴阻挡层。
13.根据权利要求5所述的有机电致发光元件,其特征在于,使用权利要求1至权利要求7所述有机化合物作为主体用于发光层。
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