CN112190570B - 天麻来源衍生物在制备治疗急性或慢性疼痛药物中的用途 - Google Patents
天麻来源衍生物在制备治疗急性或慢性疼痛药物中的用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN112190570B CN112190570B CN201910609870.1A CN201910609870A CN112190570B CN 112190570 B CN112190570 B CN 112190570B CN 201910609870 A CN201910609870 A CN 201910609870A CN 112190570 B CN112190570 B CN 112190570B
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Abstract
本发明公开了天麻来源衍生物在制备治疗急性或慢性疼痛药物中的用途,具体为通式(I)、(II)、(III)所示的化合物,以及其药学上可接受的盐在制备预防和/或治疗急性及慢性疼痛中的应用,并公开了该类化合物的制备方法,属于医药技术领域。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一类天麻来源衍生物及其药学上可接受的盐、它们的制备方法、含有这类化合物的药物组合物,以及这类化合物在治疗急性及慢性疼痛方面的应用,属于医药技术领域。
背景技术
国际疼痛学会(International Association for the Study of Pain,IASP)关于疼痛的定义认为“疼痛是与实际或潜在的组织损伤相关联的一种不愉快的躯体感觉和情感体验”。疼痛反应可发生于各种疾病的病理生理进程中,严重影响人们的心理情绪和生活质量,同时增加了社会负担,已然成为一大难题。
疼痛是人体的一种主观感受,根据其病程长短的不同可以分为急性疼痛和慢性疼痛,急性疼痛持续时间一般在3天左右,可自行缓解。慢性疼痛分为炎症性疼痛、神经性疼痛、内脏痛及混合型疼痛,可持续数周、数月甚至更久的时间,易造成机体损伤导致愈后差。
疼痛的发生发展机制复杂,同时痛觉神经元周围内环境的改变也会影响疼痛的持续时间,但无论是急性疼痛还是慢性疼痛,其最终的转归都由脊髓传导至大脑痛觉相关区域。当机体受到外界伤害性刺激时,物理或化学信号会传导至外周神经末梢痛觉感受器,这些感受器属于初级传入感觉神经元的集合,主要包括有髓鞘的Aδ纤维和无髓鞘C纤维。兴奋性信息通过这些纤维传递至脊髓背角(spinal dorsal horn,SDH),通过谷氨酸受体(N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor,NMDAR)激活了脊髓板层I中的痛感投射神经元,促进Na+和Ca2+内流,继而将该信息投射到脑干和大脑中负责处理疼痛感觉信号的区域,产生痛觉。
目前对疼痛的治疗依然依赖于传统的镇痛药物,如非甾体类抗炎镇痛药、阿片类镇痛药等,但由于其胃肠道的不良反应及成瘾性,产生了一系列药物安全的问题。如最近有研究报道,占据镇痛市场份额最大的阿片类药物吗啡在长期用药的情况下可通过激活脊髓中炎症小体NLRP3的活化促进痛觉超敏,不利于慢性疼痛患者的长期治疗。
从天然产物中寻找抗炎镇痛活性成分逐渐成为近年来的研究热点。研究发现,皂苷、多糖、生物碱、黄酮、香豆素等天然产物均具有一定的抗炎镇痛作用,其效果主要表现为可以显著抑制化学及物理刺激引起的炎性肿胀或肉芽肿,并可降低致炎后腹腔毛细血管的通透性,抑制炎症因子及其基因的表达等;天然产物的镇痛作用,通常可表现为能延长多种致痛因素如热痛、压痛以及化学刺激的痛阈值等。
天麻(Gastrodia elata Bl.),是兰科天麻属多年生草本植物,为我国传统名贵中药,可用于头痛、偏头痛、神经痛、眩晕,以及其他神经性疼痛等神经系统疾病治疗,同时具有良好的保健价值,能够强身健体,改善记忆力和促进血液循环。鉴于天麻广泛的应用价值,国内外学者对其化学成分和药理作用进行了较为系统的研究。目前已分离鉴定出的化学成分主要为对羟基苄基衍生物和对羟基苄基取代的化合物。其中,天麻素是天麻中的高含量主要成分和有效成分之一,不但载入《药典》作为天麻及其制剂的质量控制的指标成分,而且其制剂已用于临床主要用于偏头痛等疾病治疗。然而,天麻素的临床用药剂量较大、治疗效果有限,也有报道显示除去天麻素的天麻提取物,仍然保留了显著的镇静和镇痛等药理作用。显然,天麻提取物中尚存在其他未知的功效成分,值得深入探究。
基于以上背景,我们前期已经对天麻进行了较为系统的研究,从其水提取物中分离得到了一系列结构新颖的含硫类对羟基苄基取代化合物。
在专利CN109096350A中报道了从辣木籽中提取分离得到的化合物4,4'-[二硫(亚甲基)]二酚具有降血糖、抗抑郁及抗老年痴呆活性,该化合物也在文献(Zhong cao yao(2014),45(14),1976-1979.)报道在天麻中被分离得到,文献(Justus Liebigs Annalender Chemie 1906vol.345p.315)和(Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry2016vol.64#6p.1318-1325)等报道了该苄基双硫类化合物的合成方法,采用取代或未取代的对羟基苄醇或对羟基苯甲醛与硫化物反应得到目标产物。
文献(Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan 1954vol.27p.53,58)报道了化合物4,4’-[亚磺酰基双(亚甲基)]二酚的合成方法,采用乙酸/双氧水氧化的方法,将二[(4-羟基苯基)亚甲基]硫氧化得到目标产物。目前尚无文献报道该类化合物的镇痛活性。以该类化合物为先导结构,通过结构修饰优化,获得了本发明的创造性结果。
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发明内容
本发明解决的技术问题是提供一类天麻来源衍生物及其药学上可接受的盐,以及其制备方法,药物组合物和该类化合物在制备预防和/或治疗急性或慢性疼痛中的应用。
为解决本发明的技术问题,本发明提供如下技术方案:
本发明的技术方案第一方面是提供了一类天麻来源衍生物及其药学上可接受的盐在制备预防和/或治疗急性或慢性疼痛中的应用,其结构式如通式(I)、(II)、(III)所示:
其中,R1和R2选自H、CH3、CH2CH3、CH(CH3)2、C(CH3)3、OH、OCH3、OCH2CH3、F、Cl、Br、CF3;其中所述的单取代选自邻位或间位单取代;所述的多取代选自二取代、三取代或四取代;
优选式(IA)所示的化合物及其药学上可接受的盐在制备预防和/或治疗急性或慢性疼痛中的应用
其中,R1、R2、R3、R4选自H、CH3、CH2CH3、CH(CH3)2、C(CH3)3、OH、OCH3、OCH2CH3、F、Cl、Br或CF3。
优选式(IIA)所示的化合物及其药学上可接受的盐在制备预防和/或治疗急性或慢性疼痛中的应用
其中,R1、R2、R3、R4选自H、CH3、CH2CH3、CH(CH3)2、C(CH3)3、OH、OCH3、OCH2CH3、F、Cl、Br或CF3。
优选式(IIIA)所示的化合物及其药学上可接受的盐在制备预防和/或治疗急性或慢性疼痛中的应用
其中,R1、R2、R3、R4选自H、CH3、CH2CH3、CH(CH3)2、C(CH3)3、OH、OCH3、OCH2CH3、F、Cl、Br或CF3。
最优选如下化合物及其药学上可接受的盐在制备预防和/或治疗急性或慢性疼痛中的应用
一种药物组合物在制备预防和/或治疗急性或慢性疼痛药物中的应用,含有治疗有效量的式(I)、(II)、(III)所示化合物及其药学上可接受的盐,以及药学上可接受的载体或赋形剂。
上述的急性或慢性疼痛为急性躯体痛或外周神经损伤引起的慢性神经性疼痛。
本发明技术方案的第二方面提供式(I)、(II)、(III)所示的化合物的制备方法,其可以通过以下步骤和方法合成得到:
取代的苄醇(式1)在硫化物的条件下反应生成二硫键化合物(式2)。
酚羟基被保护的取代苄醇(式3)经溴代反应生成式4,式4化合物通过硫化反应生成取代的苄硫醇(式5),再与式4化合物进行取代反应生成式6,脱去苄基保护得到化合物式7,经过氧化反应得到式8,进一步氧化得到式9。
本发明技术方案的第三方面是提供含有第一方面所述化合物及其药学上可接受的盐的药物组合物,该药物组合物含有治疗有效量的本发明的天麻来源衍生物及其药学上可接受的盐,以及任选的含有药用载体。其中所述的药用载体指药学领域常用的药用载体;该药物组合物可根据本领域公知的方法制备。可通过将本发明化合物及其药学上可接受的盐与一种或多种药学上可接受的固体或液体赋形剂和/或辅剂组合,制成适于人或动物使用的任何剂型。本发明化合物及其药学上可接受的盐在其药物组合物中的含量通常为0.1-95%重量百分比。
本发明化合物及其药学上可接受的盐或含有它的药物组合物可以单位剂量形式给药,给药途径可为肠道或非肠道,如口服、静脉注射、肌肉注射、皮下注射、鼻腔、口腔粘膜、眼、肺和呼吸道、皮肤、阴道、直肠等。
给药剂型可以是液体剂型、固体剂型或半固体剂型。液体剂型可以是溶液剂(包括真溶液和胶体溶液)、乳剂(包括o/w型、w/o型和复乳)、混悬剂、注射剂(包括水针剂、粉针剂和输液)、滴眼剂、滴鼻剂、洗剂和搽剂等;固体剂型可以是片剂(包括普通片、肠溶片、含片、分散片、咀嚼片、泡腾片、口腔崩解片)、胶囊剂(包括硬胶囊、软胶囊、肠溶胶囊)、颗粒剂、散剂、微丸、滴丸、栓剂、膜剂、贴片、气(粉)雾剂、喷雾剂等;半固体剂型可以是软膏剂、凝胶剂、糊剂等。
本发明化合物及其药学上可接受的盐可以制成普通制剂、也制成是缓释制剂、控释制剂、靶向制剂及各种微粒给药系统。
为了将本发明化合物及其药学上可接受的盐制成片剂,可以广泛使用本领域公知的各种赋形剂,包括稀释剂、黏合剂、润湿剂、崩解剂、润滑剂、助流剂。稀释剂可以是淀粉、糊精、蔗糖、葡萄糖、乳糖、甘露醇、山梨醇、木糖醇、微晶纤维素、硫酸钙、磷酸氢钙、碳酸钙等;湿润剂可以是水、乙醇、异丙醇等;粘合剂可以是淀粉浆、糊精、糖浆、蜂蜜、葡萄糖溶液、微晶纤维素、阿拉伯胶浆、明胶浆、羧甲基纤维素钠、甲基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素、乙基纤维素、丙烯酸树脂、卡波姆、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚乙二醇等;崩解剂可以是干淀粉、微晶纤维素、低取代羟丙基纤维素、交联聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、交联羧甲基纤维素钠、羧甲基淀粉钠、碳酸氢钠与枸橼酸、聚氧乙烯山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯、十二烷基磺酸钠等;润滑剂和助流剂可以是滑石粉、二氧化硅、硬脂酸盐、酒石酸、液体石蜡、聚乙二醇等。
还可以将片剂进一步制成包衣片,例如糖包衣片、薄膜包衣片、肠溶包衣片,或双层片和多层片。
为了将给药单元制成胶囊剂,可以将有效成分本发明化合物及其药学上可接受的盐与稀释剂、助流剂混合,将混合物直接置于硬胶囊或软胶囊中。也可将有效成分本发明化合物及其药学上可接受的盐先与稀释剂、黏合剂、崩解剂制成颗粒或微丸,再置于硬胶囊或软胶囊中。用于制备本发明化合物及其药学上可接受的盐片剂的各稀释剂、黏合剂、润湿剂、崩解剂、助流剂品种也可用于制备本发明化合物及其药学上可接受的盐的胶囊剂。
为将本发明化合物及其药学上可接受的盐制成注射剂,可以用水、乙醇、异丙醇、丙二醇或它们的混合物作溶剂并加入适量本领域常用的增溶剂、助溶剂、pH调剂剂、渗透压调节剂。增溶剂或助溶剂可以是泊洛沙姆、卵磷脂、羟丙基-β-环糊精等;pH调剂剂可以是磷酸盐、醋酸盐、盐酸、氢氧化钠等;渗透压调节剂可以是氯化钠、甘露醇、葡萄糖、磷酸盐、醋酸盐等。如制备冻干粉针剂,还可加入甘露醇、葡萄糖等作为支撑剂。
此外,如需要,也可以向药物制剂中添加着色剂、防腐剂、香料、矫味剂或其它添加剂。
为达到用药目的,增强治疗效果,本发明的药物或药物组合物可用任何公知的给药方法给药。
因此,本发明的另一目的是提供了本发明天麻来源衍生物及其药学上可接受的盐在制药领域中的应用,特别是本发明天麻来源衍生物及其药学上可接受的盐在制备用于抗躯体性疼痛、内脏性疼痛、神经性疼痛或癌性疼痛等疾病的药物中应用,本发明的天麻来源衍生物及其药学上可接受的盐可用于制备抗躯体性疼痛、内脏性疼痛、神经性疼痛或癌性疼痛等疾病的药物。
在将本发明的天麻来源衍生物及其药学上可接受的盐或本发明的组合物用于治疗上述疾病时,其用药量可参照使用天麻来源衍生物进行治疗时的用量。
本发明人进行了大量的药物实验,证明了本发明的天麻来源衍生物具有镇痛的作用,对由疼痛引起的疾病具有良好的治疗作用。
本发明化合物药物组合物的给药剂量依照所要预防或治疗疾病的性质和严重程度,患者或动物的个体情况,给药途径和剂型等可以有大范围的变化。一般来讲,本发明化合物的每天的合适剂量范围为0.001-150mg/Kg体重,优选为0.1-100mg/Kg体重,更优选为1-60mg/Kg体重,最优选为2-30mg/Kg体重。上述剂量可以一个剂量单位或分成几个剂量单位给药,这取决于医生的临床经验以及包括运用其它治疗手段的给药方案。
本发明的化合物或组合物可单独服用,或与其他治疗药物或对症药物合并使用。当本发明的化合物与其它治疗药物存在协同作用时,应根据实际情况调整它的剂量。
有益技术效果:
本申请通过动物实验验证,天麻来源的衍生物对疼痛具有良好的镇痛作用,可用于制备预防和/或治疗急性或慢性疼痛药物。
具体实施方式
下面的实施例可进一步说明本发明,但不以任何方式限制本发明。
实施例1:4,4'-[二硫(亚甲基)]二酚的制备
称取九水硫化钠(19.2g)加入水(200mL)中,室温20-25℃搅拌溶解,加入6N盐酸溶液(25mL),加入4-羟基苄醇(4.96g),升至90-100℃回流搅拌反应5h。反应液冷却至室温,用乙酸乙酯(200mL×2)萃取,无水硫酸钠干燥。石油醚:乙酸乙酯=2:1硅胶柱层析得到4,4'-[二硫(亚甲基)]二酚(3.96g)。1H NMR(500MHz,acetone-d6):δ8.32(2H,s,OH-1,1′),7.13(4H,d,J=8.0Hz,H-2,2′,6,6′),6.78(4H,m,H-3,3′,5,5′),3.65(4H,s,H-7,7′);13C NMR(500MHz,acetone-d6):δ157.7(C-1,1′),131.5(C-2,2′,6,6′),129.1(C-4,4′),116.1(C-3,3′,5,5′),43.2(C-7,7′);(+)-HR-ESIMS m/z 277.0360[M-H]+(calcd for C14H13O2S2,277.0362)。
实施例2:4,4'-[二硫(亚甲基)]双(2-甲氧基苯酚)的制备
称取九水硫化钠(19.2g)加入水(200mL)中,室温20-25℃搅拌溶解,加入6N盐酸溶液(25mL),加入4-羟基-3-甲氧基苄醇(6.16g),升至90-100℃回流搅拌反应5h。反应液冷却至室温,用乙酸乙酯(200mL×2)萃取,无水硫酸钠干燥。石油醚:乙酸乙酯=2:1硅胶柱层析得到类白色固体4,4'-[二硫(亚甲基)]双(2-甲氧基苯酚)(4.62g)。1H NMR(500MHz,acetone-d6):δ7.56(2H,s,OH-1,1′),6.88(2H,m,H-3,3′),6.76(4H,m,H-5,5′,6,6′),3.84(6H,s,H-OCH3),3.66(4H,s,H-7,7′);13C NMR(500MHz,acetone-d6):δ148.2(C-2,2′),147.0(C-1,1′),129.6(C-4,4′),123.1(C-3,3′),115.7(C-6,6′),113.8(C-5,5′),56.3(C-OCH3),43.7(C-7,7′);(+)-HR-ESIMS m/z 361.0537[M+Na]+(calcd for C16H18O4NaS2,361.0539)。
实施例3:4,4'-[亚磺酰基双(亚甲基)]二酚的制备
将4-苄氧基苯甲醇(10g)加入二氯甲烷(30mL)中,降至0~5℃搅拌。氮气保护下,加入三溴化磷(2.2mL),氮气保护下0~5℃搅拌反应1.5h。将反应液加入到饱和碳酸氢钠溶液(20mL)中,再加入二氯甲烷(20mL),水(20mL),快速搅拌10min,分相,水相用二氯甲烷(20mL)萃取,合并二氯甲烷相,饱和食盐水干燥。30℃减压除去溶剂,得到白色固体4-苄氧基苄基溴(11.1g)。
4-苄氧基苄基溴(5.2g)加入无水THF(100mL)室温搅拌,氮气保护下加入K2CO3(5.8g)和HSAc(1.63mL),室温搅拌反应0.5h,加入甲醇(100mL)。室温搅拌反应0.5h,加入6N盐酸溶液(20mL)。30℃减压除去大部分溶剂,加入二氯甲烷(100mL),水(100mL),快速搅拌10min,分相,水相用二氯甲烷(100mL)萃取,合并二氯甲烷相,饱和食盐水干燥。30℃减压除去溶剂,得到黄色油状物4-苄氧基苄基硫醇。
将4-苄氧基苄基溴(5.2g)和无水碳酸钾(2.8g)加入干燥的DMF(30mL)搅拌,加入4-苄氧基苄基硫醇(4.4g)室温反应1.5h。加入乙酸乙酯(200mL),水(200mL)快速搅拌5min,分相,水相用乙酸乙酯(200mL)萃取,合并乙酸乙酯相,饱和食盐水干燥。硅胶柱色谱层析得到黄色油状物4,4′-二苄氧基苄基硫醚。
将4,4′-二苄氧基苄基硫醚(8.2g)加入二氯甲烷(100mL)中,降至0~5℃搅拌,加入无水三氯化铝(7.8g),15min内滴加N,N-二甲基苯胺(12mL),0~5℃搅拌反应1h。将反应液缓慢加入0~5℃的1N HCl溶液(100mL)中,缓慢升至室温,快速搅拌10min,分相,水相用二氯甲烷(100mL)萃取,合并二氯甲烷相,饱和食盐水干燥。经硅胶柱色谱层析得到4,4'-[硫代双(亚甲基)]二酚(1.56g)。
称取4,4'-[硫代双(亚甲基)]二酚(246mg)加入二氯甲烷(10mL)中搅拌,15min内分三次加入85%m-CPBA(243mg),室温搅拌反应1h,冷却至0~5℃搅拌1h,过滤,滤饼用二氯甲烷(2mL×2)洗涤,40℃鼓风干燥得到白色固体4,4'-[亚磺酰基双(亚甲基)]二酚(223mg)。1H NMR(500MHz,acetone-d6):δ8.42(2H,s,OH-1,1′),7.16(4H,d,J=8.0Hz,H-2,2′,6,6′),6.81(4H,m,H-3,3′,5,5′),3.97(2H,d,J=13.0Hz,H-7,7′),3.75(2H,d,J=13.0Hz,H-7,7′);13C NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6):δ157.1(C-1,1′),131.3(C-2,2′,6,6′),121.6(C-4,4′),115.3(C-3,3′,5,5′),56.1(C-7,7′);(+)-HR-ESIMS m/z 263.0736[M+H]+(calcd for C14H15O3S,263.0736)。
实施例4:4-{[(4-羟基苄基)亚磺酰基]甲基}-2-甲氧基苯酚的制备
将4-苄氧基苯甲醇(10g)加入二氯甲烷(30mL)中,降至0~5℃搅拌。氮气保护下,加入三溴化磷(2.2mL),氮气保护下0~5℃搅拌反应1.5h。将反应液加入到饱和碳酸氢钠溶液(20mL)中,再加入二氯甲烷(20mL),水(20mL),快速搅拌10min,分相,水相用二氯甲烷(20mL)萃取,合并二氯甲烷相,饱和食盐水干燥。30℃减压除去溶剂,得到白色固体4-苄氧基苄基溴(11.1g)。
4-苄氧基苄基溴(5.2g)加入无水THF(100mL)室温搅拌,氮气保护下加入K2CO3(5.8g)和HSAc(1.63mL),室温搅拌反应0.5h,加入甲醇(100mL)。室温搅拌反应0.5h,加入6N盐酸溶液(20mL)。30℃减压除去大部分溶剂,加入二氯甲烷(100mL),水(100mL),快速搅拌10min,分相,水相用二氯甲烷(100mL)萃取,合并二氯甲烷相,饱和食盐水干燥。30℃减压除去溶剂,得到黄色油状物4-苄氧基苄基硫醇。
将3-甲氧基-4-苄氧基苯甲醇(10g)加入二氯甲烷(30mL)中,降至0~5℃搅拌。氮气保护下,加入三溴化磷(1.93mL),氮气保护下0~5℃搅拌反应1.5h。将反应液加入到饱和碳酸氢钠溶液(20mL)中,再加入二氯甲烷(20mL),水(20mL),快速搅拌10min,分相,水相用二氯甲烷(20mL)萃取,合并二氯甲烷相,饱和食盐水干燥。30℃减压除去溶剂,得到3-甲氧基-4-苄氧基苄基溴。
将3-甲氧基-4-苄氧基苄基溴(6.0g)和无水碳酸钾(2.8g)加入干燥的DMF(30mL)搅拌,加入4-苄氧基苄基硫醇(4.4g)室温反应1.5h。加入乙酸乙酯(200mL),水(200mL)快速搅拌5min,分相,水相用乙酸乙酯(200mL)萃取,合并乙酸乙酯相,饱和食盐水干燥。硅胶柱色谱层析得到黄色油状物[4-(苄氧基)-3-甲氧基苄基][4-(苄氧基)苄基]硫醚。
将[4-(苄氧基)-3-甲氧基苄基][4-(苄氧基)苄基]硫醚(8.9g)加入二氯甲烷(100mL)中,降至0~5℃搅拌,加入无水三氯化铝(7.8g),15min内滴加N,N-二甲基苯胺(12mL),0~5℃搅拌反应1h。将反应液缓慢加入0~5℃的1N HCl溶液(100mL)中,缓慢升至室温,快速搅拌10min,分相,水相用二氯甲烷(100mL)萃取,合并二氯甲烷相,饱和食盐水干燥。经硅胶柱色谱层析得到4-{[(4-羟基苄基)硫代]甲基}-2-甲氧基苯酚(0.86g)。
称取4-{[(4-羟基苄基)硫代]甲基}-2-甲氧基苯酚(276mg)加入二氯甲烷(20mL)中0~5℃搅拌,加入85%m-CPBA(243mg),室温搅拌反应1h,加入饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液(20mL)快速搅拌10min;分相,水相用二氯甲烷(20mL)萃取,合并二氯甲烷相,饱和食盐水干燥。硅胶柱色谱层析得到类白色固体4-{[(4-羟基苄基)亚磺酰基]甲基}-2-甲氧基苯酚(159mg)。1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6):δ9.45(1H,s,OH-1′),9.01(1H,s,OH-1),7.09(2H,d,J=8.0Hz,H-2,6),6.83(1H,s,H-3′),6.72(4H,m,H-3,5,5′,6′),3.97(2H,d,J=13.0Hz,H-7′),3.82(5H,m,H-OCH3/7);13C NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6):δ157.1(C-2′),147.4(C-1′),146.3(C-1),131.3(C-2,6),122.7(C-3′),122.2(C-4′),121.6(C-4),115.5(C-6′),115.3(C-3,5),114.0(C-5′),56.6(C-7′),56.2(C-7),55.5(C-OCH3);(+)-HR-ESIMS m/z 291.0691[M-H]-(calcd for C15H15O4S,291.0697)。
实施例5:4,4'-[磺酰基二(亚甲基)]双(2-甲氧基苯酚)的制备
将4-苄氧基苯甲醇(10g)加入二氯甲烷(30mL)中,降至0~5℃搅拌。氮气保护下,加入三溴化磷(2.2mL),氮气保护下0~5℃搅拌反应1.5h。将反应液加入到饱和碳酸氢钠溶液(20mL)中,再加入二氯甲烷(20mL),水(20mL),快速搅拌10min,分相,水相用二氯甲烷(20mL)萃取,合并二氯甲烷相,饱和食盐水干燥。30℃减压除去溶剂,得到白色固体4-苄氧基苄基溴(11.1g)。
4-苄氧基苄基溴(5.2g)加入无水THF(100mL)室温搅拌,氮气保护下加入K2CO3(5.8g)和HSAc(1.63mL),室温搅拌反应0.5h,加入甲醇(100mL)。室温搅拌反应0.5h,加入6N盐酸溶液(20mL)。30℃减压除去大部分溶剂,加入二氯甲烷(100mL),水(100mL),快速搅拌10min,分相,水相用二氯甲烷(100mL)萃取,合并二氯甲烷相,饱和食盐水干燥。30℃减压除去溶剂,得到黄色油状物4-苄氧基苄基硫醇。
将4-苄氧基苄基溴(5.2g)和无水碳酸钾(2.8g)加入干燥的DMF(30mL)搅拌,加入4-苄氧基苄基硫醇(4.4g)室温反应1.5h。加入乙酸乙酯(200mL),水(200mL)快速搅拌5min,分相,水相用乙酸乙酯(200mL)萃取,合并乙酸乙酯相,饱和食盐水干燥。硅胶柱色谱层析得到黄色油状物4,4′-二苄氧基苄基硫醚。
将4,4′-二苄氧基苄基硫醚(8.2g)加入二氯甲烷(100mL)中,降至0~5℃搅拌,加入无水三氯化铝(7.8g),15min内滴加N,N-二甲基苯胺(12mL),0~5℃搅拌反应1h。将反应液缓慢加入0~5℃的1N HCl溶液(100mL)中,缓慢升至室温,快速搅拌10min,分相,水相用二氯甲烷(100mL)萃取,合并二氯甲烷相,饱和食盐水干燥。经硅胶柱色谱层析得到4,4'-[硫代双(亚甲基)]二酚(1.56g)。
称取4,4'-[硫代双(亚甲基)]二酚(306mg)加入二氯甲烷(30mL)中搅拌,加入m-CPBA(607mg),室温搅拌反应3h,加入饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液(30mL)快速搅拌10min;分相,水相用二氯甲烷(30mL)萃取,合并二氯甲烷相,饱和食盐水干燥。硅胶柱色谱层析得到白色固体4,4'-[磺酰基二(亚甲基)]双(2-甲氧基苯酚)(233mg)。1H NMR(500MHz,acetone-d6):δ7.73(2H,s,OH-1,1′),7.00(2H,s,H-3,3′),6.85(4H,m,H-5,5′,6,6′),4.20(4H,s,H-7,7′),3.83(6H,s,H-OCH3);13C NMR(500MHz,acetone-d6):δ148.3(C-2,2′),147.9(C-1,1′),125.0(C-5,5′),120.5(C-4,4′),115.8(C-3,3′),115.3(C-6,6′),58.2(C-OCH3),56.3(C-7,7′)。
药理实验
实验例1、天麻来源化合物对小鼠醋酸扭体诱导的急性疼痛的镇痛作用
(1)实验方法
试验设计:选用ICR雌性小鼠,组别设置分为模型组(model),阳性药组(positive)和样品组(sample),其中样品组分为10mg/kg,5mg/kg,2.5mg/kg高中低三个剂量,每组10只小鼠。
实验步骤:模型组腹腔注射化学刺激物1%醋酸溶液0.1mL/10g,记录15min内小鼠扭体数。样品组及以既定剂量腹腔给药一次,阳性药组天麻素以80mg/kg剂量腹腔给药一次,并于给药后30min腹腔注射化学刺激物1%醋酸溶液0.1mL/10g,记录15min内小鼠扭体数,按下式计算药物对扭体反应的抑制率,评判药物镇痛效果:
抑制率%=((阴性对照组扭体均数-实验组扭体均数)/阴性对照组扭体均数)×100%。
(2)实验结果
天麻来源的衍生物对醋酸扭体小鼠有良好的镇痛作用,样品组镇痛率大于50%,镇痛效应具有剂量依赖性。结果见表1。
表1、天麻来源的衍生物抑制ICR小鼠醋酸扭体次数
模型组小鼠平均扭体次数为27.11。与模型组组相比,*p<0.05,**p<0.01,***p<0.001。
实验例2、化合物4和化合物5抗慢性神经性疼痛作用
(1)化合物抗慢性神经性疼痛原理
实验以SD大鼠为研究对象,建立了大鼠坐骨神经总干结扎模拟外周神经性疼痛chronic constriction nerve injury(CCI)模型,所有大鼠均在同侧肢(ipsilateralpaw)实施手术,异侧肢(contralateral paw)未行任何手术。无菌条件下剃毛,在左后腿切开长约2cm的纵行切口,分离肌肉,暴露坐骨神经,用4.0铬制羊肠线轻轻结扎坐骨神经4道,结扎线之间相隔1mm,松紧度以肠线刚接触到坐骨神经为宜。
手术完成后,每天固定下午两点时间测大鼠左右两侧脚底痛域值,该模型在第七天痛域值降到最低并稳定一周时间。术后第八天,大鼠异氟烷吸入麻醉,用1mL注射器鞘内注射化合物10-20μL,然后间隔1h,2h,4h,6h测大鼠痛域值并记录。
(2)实验方法
试验设计:选用SD雌性大鼠,组别设置分为模型组(model),和样品组(sample),每组9只大鼠。
实验步骤:所有大鼠均在左后肢实施手术,右后肢未行任何手术。无菌条件下剃毛,在左后腿切开长约2cm的纵行切口,分离肌肉,暴露坐骨神经,用4.0铬制羊肠线轻轻结扎坐骨神经4道,结扎线之间相隔1mm,松紧度以肠线刚接触到坐骨神经为宜,手术完成后,每天固定下午两点时间测大鼠左右两侧脚底痛域值,该模型在第七天痛域值降到最低并稳定一周时间。术后第八天,大鼠异氟烷吸入麻醉,用1mL注射器鞘内注射化合物10-20μL,然后间隔1h,2h,4h,6h测大鼠痛域值并记录
(3)实验结果
化合物5和化合物4在慢性神经性疼痛大鼠上进行镇痛评价,发现化合物5比化合物4有更好的镇痛效果,结果见表2。
表2、天麻来源的衍生物对慢性神经性疼痛大鼠痛域值的影响
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