CN112189598A - Breeding method of golden spot crucian carps - Google Patents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
- A01K61/17—Hatching, e.g. incubators
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for breeding golden spot crucian, which belongs to the field of animal hybridization and comprises the following steps: carrying out matched breeding by taking sexually mature male golden backed carps as male parents and taking female common crucian carps as female parents to obtain fertilized eggs; and hatching the fertilized eggs and feeding to obtain the golden spotted crucian carp of the next generation. According to the method, male golden backed carps are manually selected as male parents and female crucian carps are manually selected as female parents, and distant hybridization is carried out to obtain the hybrid carps with two golden specks on the backs.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of animal hybridization, and particularly relates to a method for breeding golden spotted crucian carps.
Background
Crucian carp belongs to the family of carp, subfamily of carp and the genus crucian in classification. There are two species on asian european continent, black crucian (Carassius aurarsius L.) and crucian (c. Black crucian carp is mainly distributed in central europe and eastern europe, and is partially distributed in the leina river of siberia asia, and is only distributed in the water system of brouss river in Xinjiang. Crucian carp species, including two subspecies and multiple varieties: crucian (c. auratus L.) and silver crucian (c. auratus gibelio Bloch) subspecies, and many varieties of red crucian, white crucian, goldfish, etc. The carp seeds are also called "wild carp", crucian seeds, a small-sized line fish, crucian crutch, a Chinese cabbage, a sword fish, crucian carp shell and the like. The crucian carp is almost spread in rivers, lakes, ponds, reservoirs, swamp and river ditches and other large and small water bodies all over the country due to the feeding impurity, strong adaptability, reproductive capacity, stress resistance, disease resistance and the like. Crucian carp has tender meat, delicious taste, rich nutrition and higher economic value, is the traditional freshwater economic fish in China since ancient times, and has records of 'beauty of fish and the fungus element of atrium' on Lushi spring and autumn more than two thousand years ago. In China, crucian has a long history of cultivation and growth and extremely abundant resources. The crucian carp is one of the main varieties of edible crucian in freshwater aquaculture in China, and several varieties of the crucian carp, such as red crucian carp and goldfish, are also the main varieties of ornamental fish aquaculture in China, and also occupy very important positions in the ornamental fish aquaculture in China.
The crucian carp and the carp belong to two excellent varieties of freshwater fish in China, and have the advantages of delicious meat taste, rich nutrition, strong disease resistance, poor feeding property, wide adaptability and the like, but the growth speed of the common crucian carp is slower, while the growth speed of the carp is obviously higher than that of the crucian carp, but the carp has lower edible value and is not easy to catch. In order to improve certain economic characters of crucian and greatly improve production performance, domestic scholars develop a large amount of crucian hybridization breeding work to obtain excellent breeding varieties or new breeding objects with high growth speed and high food value, and the hybridization breeding becomes a preferred means for breeding improvement of aquatic product science and technology workers. The crucian carp and carp hybridization belongs to the category of distant hybridization. The traditional crucian carp and carp crossbreeding is to obtain filial generation by utilizing natural mating or artificial aphrodisiac means to directly crossbreed.
China began to perform crucian carp and carp hybridization experiments in the later 50 s of the 20 th century. On the basis of constantly summarizing experience, the advantages of the filial generations of crucian carps are generally recognized and valued by the same parents of aquatic products, and more than ten kinds of filial generations appear in sequence, such as Hunan crucian carps (red carp female parent multiplied by Xiangjiang wild carp male), Xinghuai carps (Japanese white carp female multiplied by mirror carp male), Furong carp carps (female nucleus developed carp female multiplied by carp male), abundant carps (male carp multiplied by Xinghuo red carp male), distant cruris carps (Japanese white carp multiplied by Xinghuo red carp male), Panjin first hybrid crucian (red carp multiplied by built carp male), hybrid carps (built male carp multiplied by Japanese white carp), allogynogenetic carps (square carp multiplied by national red carp male) and upgrade 'middle-family 3' and the like, and remarkable economic benefits are obtained. Meanwhile, seven natural gynogenesis crucian carp populations such as Chuzhou river Chuzhou crucian carp in Chuzhou city in Anhui province, Yunnan pond high back crucian carp, fangzhan county fangzhan silver crucian carp in black Longjiang, Qinan Lin county river Qiqi crucian carp, Guangdong Wenyuan county contracted bone crucian carp, Puan crucian carp in Guizhou Puan county, Pengze crucian carp in Jiangxi Pengzhan county and the like are preferably selected from wild crucian carp resources.
The crucian variety is mainly favored to be bred in production performance and nutritional value, and the goldfish belongs to a variety of the crucian, so that the crucian breeding is emphasized on the breeding and has low ornamental value and edible value. Therefore, how to obtain the crucian with meat value and ornamental value is a technical problem which needs to be solved urgently in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for breeding golden spotted crucian carps to solve the technical problems.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows: a method for breeding golden spotted crucian carp comprises the following steps:
s1: carrying out matched breeding by taking sexually mature male golden backed carps as male parents and taking female common crucian carps as female parents to obtain fertilized eggs;
s2: and hatching the fertilized eggs and feeding to obtain the first filial generation of golden spotted crucian.
The beneficial effect of this application is: according to the method, male golden backed carps are selected as male parents and female crucian carps are selected as female parents, distant hybridization is carried out to obtain the hybrid carps with two golden specks on the backs, and the golden specks obtained by the method are wide in adaptability, strong in growth, unique and beautiful in body color, and high in nutritive value and ornamental value.
Further, the method further includes step S3:
and performing matched breeding by taking the sexually mature female first-generation golden spotted crucian carp as a female parent and the male common carp as a male parent to obtain a filial generation oosperm, and incubating and feeding the filial generation oosperm to obtain the second-generation golden spotted crucian carp.
The method adopts the female first generation golden spotted crucian as the female parent and the male common carp as the male parent, so that the culture scale of the golden spotted crucian can be enlarged.
Further, in the step S3:
the weight ratio of the female parent to the male parent in the matched group is 2:1 or more.
Further, in step S2:
the weight ratio of the female parent to the male parent is more than 4: 1.
Further, the pairing breeding step comprises the steps of putting the male parent and the female parent into a breeding pool, and building a fish nest for the fertilized eggs to adhere to in the breeding pool.
Further, in the step S1 and/or the step S3, the incubation temperature is 17-19 ℃. The incubation temperature adopted by the application is moderate, and the method is suitable for incubation of golden spotted crucian carps.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a morphology diagram of a golden spot crucian obtained by the method of the embodiment of the application;
Detailed Description
The principles and features of this application are described below in conjunction with the following drawings, the examples of which are set forth to illustrate the application and are not intended to limit the scope of the application.
In the description of the present specification, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "length", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "inner", "outer", "peripheral side", "circumferential", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present specification.
In the description of the present specification, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless explicitly defined otherwise.
In the description herein, reference to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the application. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.
The terms used in the present specification are those general terms currently widely used in the art in consideration of functions related to the present disclosure, but they may be changed according to the intention of a person having ordinary skill in the art, precedent, or new technology in the art. Also, specific terms may be selected by the applicant, and in this case, their detailed meanings will be described in the detailed description of the present disclosure. Therefore, the terms used in the specification should not be construed as simple names but based on the meanings of the terms and the overall description of the present disclosure.
Flowcharts or text are used herein to illustrate the operational steps performed in accordance with embodiments of the present application. It should be understood that the operational steps in the embodiments of the present application are not necessarily performed in the exact order recited. Rather, the various steps may be processed in reverse order or simultaneously, as desired. Meanwhile, other operations may be added to the processes, or a certain step or several steps of operations may be removed from the processes.
The following discloses many different embodiments or examples for implementing the subject technology described. While specific examples of one or more arrangements of features are described below to simplify the disclosure, the examples should not be construed as limiting the present disclosure, and a first feature described later in the specification in conjunction with a second feature can include embodiments that are directly related, can also include embodiments that form additional features, and further can include embodiments in which one or more additional intervening features are used to indirectly connect or combine the first and second features to each other so that the first and second features may not be directly related.
The application discloses a method for breeding golden spotted crucian carp, which comprises the following steps:
s1: and (3) carrying out matched breeding by taking sexually mature male golden backed carps as male parents and female common crucian carps as female parents to obtain fertilized eggs.
In the embodiment disclosed in the present application, the following method is specifically adopted to determine whether sexual maturity is achieved: the ovary outline can be seen from the abdomen of the sexually mature female crucian carp, the cloaca is red and turned outwards, the male crucian carp is lightly touched along the abdomen by hand, mucus and egg granules flow out of the cloaca, the cloaca of the sexually mature male crucian carp protrudes outwards, the male crucian carp is lightly touched along the abdomen by hand, and semen flows out of the cloaca. Female common crucian carp and male golden carp are mixed according to the minimum weight ratio of 4:1, putting the fish eggs in the pair into a breeding pond, wherein the temperature of the breeding pond is 17-19 ℃, and a fish nest for adhering fertilized eggs is built in the breeding pond.
S2: and hatching the fertilized eggs and feeding to obtain the first filial generation of golden spotted crucian.
In the embodiment disclosed in the application, the fertilized eggs can be propagated by adopting the existing method for incubating and feeding common carps or crucians, the application is not particularly limited, and the first filial generation of golden spotted crucians can be obtained by incubating and feeding.
S3: and (4) carrying out matched breeding by taking the sexually mature female first-generation golden spotted crucian carp obtained in the step (S2) as a female parent and taking a male common carp as a male parent to obtain a filial generation oosperm, and hatching and feeding the filial generation oosperm to obtain the second-generation golden spotted crucian carp.
In the embodiment disclosed by the application, the ratio of the weight of the male common carp to the weight of the female golden spotted crucian carp is 2:1, putting the two pairs into a breeding pond, setting the temperature of the breeding pond at 17-19 ℃, building a fish nest for fertilized eggs to adhere to the breeding pond, and then breeding the offspring fertilized eggs by adopting the incubation and feeding method of common carps or crucians in the prior art to obtain the second generation golden spotted crucian carps.
In order to facilitate understanding of the present application, the present application provides several examples and comparative examples, respectively, which are set forth below:
example 1:
s1: and (3) taking sexually mature male golden backed carps as male parents and female common crucian carps as female parents to perform pairing propagation according to the body weight ratio of 1:2 to obtain fertilized eggs.
S2: and hatching the fertilized eggs in a breeding pond at the temperature of 17 ℃ and feeding the fertilized eggs to obtain the golden spotted crucian carp of the next generation.
Example 2
S1: using sexually mature male golden backed carp as male parent and female common crucian carp as female parent according to the body weight ratio of 1:3 to carry out matched propagation to obtain fertilized eggs
S2: and hatching the fertilized eggs in a breeding pond at the temperature of 19 ℃ and feeding the fertilized eggs to obtain the golden spotted crucian carp of the next generation.
Example 3
S1: using sexually mature male golden backed carp as male parent and female common crucian carp as female parent to carry out matched propagation according to the body weight ratio of 1:4 to obtain fertilized eggs
S2: and hatching the fertilized eggs in a breeding pond at the temperature of 19 ℃ and feeding the fertilized eggs to obtain the golden spotted crucian carp of the next generation.
Example 4
S1: and (3) taking sexually mature male golden backed carps as male parents and female common crucian carps as female parents to perform pairing propagation according to the body weight ratio of 1:5 to obtain fertilized eggs.
S2: and hatching the fertilized eggs in a breeding pond at 18 ℃ and feeding the fertilized eggs to obtain the golden spotted crucian carps of the next generation.
Example 5
S1: and (3) taking sexually mature male golden backed carps as male parents and female common crucian carps as female parents to perform pairing propagation according to the body weight ratio of 1:4 to obtain fertilized eggs.
S2: and hatching the fertilized eggs in a breeding pond at the temperature of 17 ℃ and feeding the fertilized eggs to obtain the golden spotted crucian carp of the next generation.
S3: and (4) carrying out matched propagation on the sex-matured female first-generation golden spotted crucian carp obtained in the step (S2) serving as a female parent and the common carp serving as a male parent according to the body weight ratio of 1:2 to obtain offspring oosperm, and hatching and feeding the offspring oosperm in a propagation pool at the temperature of 17 ℃ to obtain the second-generation golden spotted crucian carp.
Example 6
S1: using sexually mature male golden backed carp as male parent and female common crucian carp as female parent to carry out matched propagation according to the body weight ratio of 4:1 to obtain fertilized eggs
S2: and hatching the fertilized eggs in a breeding pond at the temperature of 17 ℃ and feeding the fertilized eggs to obtain the golden spotted crucian carp of the next generation.
S3: and (4) carrying out matched propagation on the sex-matured female first-generation golden spotted crucian carp obtained in the step (S2) serving as a female parent and the common carp serving as a male parent according to the body weight ratio of 1:4 to obtain offspring oosperm, and hatching and feeding the offspring oosperm in a propagation pool at the temperature of 17 ℃ to obtain the second-generation golden spotted crucian carp.
Comparative example 1
And (3) carrying out pairing propagation by taking female common crucian as a female parent and male common carp as a male parent according to the body weight ratio of 1:2, 1:3, 1:4 and 1:5 respectively to obtain fertilized eggs, then incubating and feeding the fertilized eggs, wherein the propagation conditions are respectively the same as those in the embodiment 1-4.
Comparative example 2
And (3) carrying out pairing propagation by taking female common carps as female parents and male common crucian carps as male parents according to the body weight ratio of 1:2, 1:3, 1:4 and 1:5 respectively to obtain fertilized eggs, then incubating and feeding the fertilized eggs, wherein the propagation conditions are respectively the same as those in the embodiment 1-4.
Comparative example 3
And (3) carrying out pairing propagation by taking female golden backed carps as female parents and male common crucian carps as male parents according to the body weight ratio of 1:2, 1:3, 1:4 and 1:5 respectively to obtain fertilized eggs, and then incubating and feeding the fertilized eggs, wherein the propagation conditions are respectively the same as those in the embodiments 1-4.
The results of comparison between examples 1 to 4 of the present application and comparative examples 1 to 3 are shown in the following tables 1 to 4:
TABLE 1
| Item | Example 1 | Comparative example 1 | Comparative example 2 | Comparative example 3 |
| Male-female ratio (body weight ratio) | 1:2 | 1:2 | 1:2 | 1:2 |
| Temperature of ovalizing Water (. degree.C.) | 17℃ | 17℃ | 17℃ | 17℃ |
| Fertilization rate | 30％ | 30％ | 0 | 0 |
| Hatching rate | 30％ | 30％ | 0 | 0 |
| Probability of golden spotted crucian carp as next generation | ≥40％ | 0 | 0 | 0 |
TABLE 2
| Item | Example 2 | Comparative example 1 | Comparative example 2 | Comparative example 3 |
| Male-female ratio (body weight ratio) | 1:3 | 1:3 | 1:3 | 1:3 |
| Temperature of ovalizing Water (. degree.C.) | 19℃ | 19℃ | 19℃ | 19℃ |
| Fertilization rate | 50％ | 50％ | 0 | 0 |
| Hatching rate | 50％ | 50％ | 0 | 0 |
| Probability of golden spotted crucian carp as next generation | ≥40％ | 0 | 0 | 0 |
TABLE 3
| Item | Example 3 | Comparative example 1 | Comparative example 2 | Comparative example 3 |
| Male-female ratio (body weight ratio) | 1:4 | 1:4 | 1:4 | 1:4 |
| Temperature of ovalizing Water (. degree.C.) | 19℃ | 19℃ | 19℃ | 19℃ |
| Fertilization rate | 95％ | 95％ | 0 | 0 |
| Hatching rate | 95％ | 95％ | 0 | 0 |
| Probability of golden spotted crucian carp as next generation | ≥99％ | 0 | 0 | 0 |
TABLE 4
As can be seen from the results in tables 1 to 4, golden spotted crucian carp can be obtained only when golden backed carp is used as a male parent and common crucian carp is used as a female parent, the golden spotted crucian carp variety disclosed in the present application cannot be obtained by using common crucian carp and/or carp for natural breeding, and golden spotted crucian carp cannot be obtained by hybridization when golden backed carp is used as a female parent and common crucian carp is used as a male parent. When the male-female ratio of the male parent of the golden back carp to the female parent of the common crucian carp reaches more than 4:1, the probability of obtaining the first filial generation of the golden spot crucian carp can reach more than 99%.
The golden spot crucian obtained by hybridization according to the method is shown in figure 1, and specifically, the golden spot crucian has two golden spots on the back, wherein the two golden spots exist in the front part and the back part of the dorsal fin of the crucian, or in front of the dorsal fin and behind the dorsal fin.
The golden-spot crucian carp obtained by the method has both meat eating value and ornamental value, and is suitable for popularization and cultivation.
The above description is only exemplary of the present application and should not be taken as limiting the present application, as any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (6)
1. The method for breeding golden spotted crucian carp is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: carrying out matched breeding by taking sexually mature male golden backed carps as male parents and taking female common crucian carps as female parents to obtain fertilized eggs;
s2: and hatching the fertilized eggs and feeding to obtain the first filial generation of golden spotted crucian.
2. The method for breeding golden carp in accordance with claim 1, further comprising the step of S3:
and performing matched breeding by taking the sexually mature female first-generation golden spotted crucian carp as a female parent and the male common carp as a male parent to obtain a filial generation oosperm, and incubating and feeding the filial generation oosperm to obtain the second-generation golden spotted crucian carp.
3. The method for breeding golden carp in accordance with claim 2, wherein in step S3:
the weight ratio of the female parent to the male parent is more than 2: 1.
4. The method for breeding golden carp in accordance with claim 1, wherein in step S2:
the weight ratio of the female parent to the male parent is more than 4: 1.
5. The breeding method of golden spotted crucian carp as claimed in any of the claims 1 to 4, wherein the breeding step of the matched group comprises,
and putting the male parent and the female parent into a breeding pond, and building a fish nest for adhering the fertilized eggs in the breeding pond.
6. The method for breeding golden-spotted crucian carp as claimed in claims 1 to 4, wherein the hatching temperature is 17-19 ℃.
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