CN112182809B - Design method of heat exchanger of self-flow heat exchange system - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of heat exchanger design, and discloses a heat exchanger design method of a self-flow heat exchange system, wherein the self-flow heat exchange system comprises a self-flow generating device, and the self-flow generating device comprises: the working characteristics of the self-flowing generating device are used as design input parameters to design the heat exchanger, so that the self-flowing flow of the self-flowing generating device can meet the heat exchange requirement of the system under the flowing resistance formed by the heat exchanger. According to the design method of the self-flow heat exchange system heat exchanger, the working characteristics of the self-flow generating device are used as design input parameters of the heat exchanger, so that the self-flow of the self-flow generating device is matched with the system requirements under the condition that the heat exchange capacity forms flow resistance, the self-flow capacity of the self-flow generating device can be utilized to the greatest extent, perfect fit of the heat exchanger and the self-flow heat exchange system is achieved, the heat exchange efficiency of the self-flow heat exchange system is maximized, and the design method can guide the design of the heat exchanger based on the self-flow heat exchange system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of heat exchanger design, in particular to a design method of a heat exchanger of a self-flow heat exchange system.
Background
In the conventional heat exchanger, flow resistance and heat exchange efficiency are balanced with each other. The heat exchange enhancement measures are added, so that the heat exchange efficiency can be improved, the heat exchange capacity is improved, and the flow resistance is increased. In a self-flow-based heat exchange system, the enhancement of heat exchange measures and the increase of flow resistance can lead to the reduction of self-flow, so that the heat exchange capacity of the heat exchanger is not matched with the self-flow capacity, but the heat exchange capacity of the self-flow heat exchange system is reduced, and the heat exchange and the resistance tend to be deteriorated.
The design method of the traditional heat exchanger is not completely suitable for the self-flow heat exchange system, and the design method of the traditional heat exchanger is adopted to design the heat exchanger of the self-flow heat exchange system, so that even the reverse deterioration of the heat exchange capacity can be caused. Aiming at a heat exchanger based on a self-flow heat exchange system, a new reinforced heat exchange design method needs to be developed.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a design method of a heat exchanger of a self-flow heat exchange system, which is used for solving or partially solving the problem that the design method of a traditional heat exchanger in the prior art is not completely suitable for the self-flow heat exchange system.
The embodiment of the invention provides a design method of a heat exchanger of a self-flow heat exchange system, wherein the self-flow heat exchange system comprises a self-flow generating device, and the design method comprises the following steps: the working characteristics of the self-flowing generating device are used as design input parameters to design the heat exchanger, so that the self-flowing flow of the self-flowing generating device can meet the heat exchange requirement of the system under the flowing resistance formed by the heat exchanger.
Based on the scheme, the design of the heat exchanger by taking the working characteristics of the gravity flow generating device as design input parameters specifically comprises the following steps: designing a heat exchanger according to the heat exchange requirement of the system, and obtaining design parameters of the heat exchanger; and comparing the design parameters of the heat exchanger with the working characteristics of the self-flow generating device, and adjusting and optimizing the design of the heat exchanger according to the comparison result.
Based on the scheme, the design parameters of the heat exchanger comprise: the design flow and design pressure drop of the heat exchanger on the self-flowing fluid side.
Based on the scheme, the design of the heat exchanger is carried out according to the heat exchange requirement of the system, and the obtained design parameters of the heat exchanger specifically comprise: according to the heat exchange requirement of the system, obtaining the heat exchange quantity required to be achieved by the heat exchanger; determining the form and the tube bundle structural parameters of the heat exchanger according to the arrangement space requirement of the heat exchanger; calculating the heat exchange area; calculating a heat exchange coefficient; design parameters of the heat exchanger are obtained.
Based on the scheme, calculating the heat exchange coefficient specifically comprises: based on the heat exchange area and the tube bundle structural parameters of the heat exchanger, assuming a total heat exchange coefficient; according to the assumed total heat exchange coefficient, calculating and obtaining the actual working condition parameter of the heat exchanger under the assumed total heat exchange coefficient; calculating according to actual working condition parameters of the heat exchanger to obtain an actual total heat exchange coefficient; and revising and iterating the assumed total heat exchange coefficient by using the actual total heat exchange coefficient until the assumed total heat exchange coefficient and the assumed total heat exchange coefficient are equal to each other, and obtaining a final heat exchange coefficient.
Based on the scheme, the actual working condition parameters of the heat exchanger comprise: heat exchanger shell side heat transfer coefficient, tube side heat transfer coefficient, wall thermal resistance, and fouling thermal resistance.
Based on the scheme, comparing the design parameters of the heat exchanger with the working characteristics of the self-flow generating device specifically comprises the following steps: and comparing the designed flow and the designed pressure drop of the heat exchanger on the self-flowing fluid side with the resistance and the flow relation of the self-flowing generating device.
Based on the scheme, comparing the design flow and the design pressure drop of the heat exchanger on the self-flowing fluid side with the resistance and the flow relation of the self-flowing generating device specifically comprises the following steps: obtaining a resistance and flow characteristic curve of the gravity flow generating device; and converting the designed flow and the designed pressure drop of the heat exchanger on the self-flowing fluid side into coordinate points, and comparing the coordinate points with the resistance and flow characteristic curve of the self-flowing generating device.
Based on the scheme, the heat exchanger design is adjusted and optimized according to the comparison result, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: if the self-flow rate corresponding to the self-flow generating device in the design pressure drop of the heat exchanger is larger than the design flow rate of the heat exchanger, the heat exchanger can be adjusted to increase the design resistance; if the corresponding self-flow rate of the self-flow generating device under the design pressure drop of the heat exchanger is smaller than the design flow rate of the heat exchanger, the heat exchanger can be adjusted to reduce the design resistance.
Based on the scheme, the adjusting and optimizing the design of the heat exchanger according to the comparison result further comprises: and adjusting design parameters of the heat exchanger to enable the corresponding self-flow rate of the self-flow generating device under the design pressure drop of the heat exchanger to be consistent with the design flow rate of the heat exchanger.
According to the design method of the self-flow heat exchange system heat exchanger, the working characteristics of the self-flow generating device are used as design input parameters of the heat exchanger, so that the self-flow of the self-flow generating device is matched with the system requirements under the condition that the heat exchange capacity of the heat exchanger is formed, the self-flow capacity of the self-flow generating device can be utilized to the greatest extent, perfect fit between the heat exchanger and the self-flow heat exchange system is achieved, the heat exchange efficiency of the self-flow heat exchange system is maximized, and the design method can guide the design of the heat exchanger based on the self-flow heat exchange system.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the following description will briefly explain the drawings used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of a method for designing a heat exchanger of a self-flow heat exchange system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the design parameters of a heat exchanger versus the resistance versus flow characteristics of a gravity flow generator according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a design point of a heat exchanger according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides a design method of a heat exchanger of a self-flow heat exchange system, wherein the self-flow heat exchange system comprises a self-flow generating device; also comprises a heat exchanger. The gravity flow generating device is used for generating gravity flow fluid. The self-flowing fluid is used as a heat exchange medium of the heat exchanger. The design method of the heat exchanger of the self-flow heat exchange system comprises the following steps: and designing the heat exchanger by taking the working characteristics of the gravity flow generating device as design input parameters. Namely, the embodiment proposes that when designing the heat exchanger of the self-flow heat exchange system, the heat exchange requirement of the system is considered, so that the heat exchange capacity of the heat exchanger meets the heat exchange requirement of the system; the working characteristics of the self-flow generating device in the system are considered, and the parameter design of the heat exchanger is carried out according to the working characteristics of the self-flow generating device. The self-flowing flow rate of the self-flowing generating device under the flowing resistance formed by the heat exchanger can meet the heat exchange requirement of the system. The flow resistance formed by the heat exchanger is ignored for meeting the heat exchange capacity, so that the actual self-flow rate formed by the self-flow generating device can meet the heat exchange requirement of the system.
According to the design method for the heat exchanger of the self-flow heat exchange system, the working characteristics of the self-flow generating device are used as design input parameters of the heat exchanger, so that the self-flow rate of the self-flow generating device is matched with the system requirement under the condition that the heat exchange capacity of the heat exchanger is formed, the self-flow capacity of the self-flow generating device can be utilized to the greatest extent, perfect fit between the heat exchanger and the self-flow heat exchange system is achieved, the heat exchange efficiency of the self-flow heat exchange system is maximized, and the design method can guide the design of the heat exchanger based on the self-flow heat exchange system.
On the basis of the above embodiment, further, designing the heat exchanger by using the operating characteristic of the gravity flow generating device as the design input parameter specifically includes: designing a heat exchanger according to the heat exchange requirement of the system, and obtaining design parameters of the heat exchanger; and comparing the design parameters of the heat exchanger with the working characteristics of the self-flow generating device, and adjusting and optimizing the design of the heat exchanger according to the comparison result. The design of the heat exchanger can be performed according to the heat exchange requirement of the system and the design method of the traditional heat exchanger so as to realize the heat exchange capacity. And then comparing the design parameters of the heat exchanger with the working characteristics of the self-flow generating device, and adjusting and optimizing the design of the heat exchanger according to the working characteristics of the self-flow generating device, so that the flow of the self-flow fluid required by the heat exchanger is finally matched with the flow which can be achieved by the self-flow generating device.
Further, on the basis of the above embodiment, the design parameters of the heat exchanger include: the design flow and design pressure drop of the heat exchanger on the self-flowing fluid side. After the heat exchanger is designed according to the heat exchange requirement of the system, the design flow and the design pressure drop of the heat exchanger on the self-flowing fluid side are mainly used as design parameters to be compared with the working characteristics of the self-flowing generating device.
On the basis of the above embodiment, further, designing the heat exchanger according to the heat exchange requirement of the system, and obtaining the design parameters of the heat exchanger specifically includes: according to the heat exchange requirement of the system, obtaining the heat exchange quantity required to be achieved by the heat exchanger; determining the form and the tube bundle structural parameters of the heat exchanger according to the arrangement space requirement of the heat exchanger; calculating the heat exchange area; calculating a heat exchange coefficient; design parameters of the heat exchanger are obtained. After the heat exchange coefficient of the heat exchanger is determined, the structural parameters and the operating condition parameters of the heat exchanger can be determined. The flow required by the self-flowing fluid side of the heat exchanger can be obtained according to the heat exchange coefficient of the heat exchanger, and the pressure drop of the self-flowing fluid side can be calculated according to the outlet parameter of the self-flowing fluid side. Further, the flow rate and pressure drop required on the free-flowing fluid side of the heat exchanger design is compared to the operating characteristics of the free-flowing generating device.
On the basis of the above embodiment, further, calculating the heat exchange coefficient specifically includes: based on the heat exchange area and the tube bundle structural parameters of the heat exchanger, assuming a total heat exchange coefficient; according to the assumed total heat exchange coefficient, calculating and obtaining the actual working condition parameter of the heat exchanger under the assumed total heat exchange coefficient; calculating according to actual working condition parameters of the heat exchanger to obtain an actual total heat exchange coefficient; and revising and iterating the assumed total heat exchange coefficient by using the actual total heat exchange coefficient until the assumed total heat exchange coefficient and the assumed total heat exchange coefficient are equal to each other, and obtaining a final heat exchange coefficient.
On the basis of the above embodiment, further, actual working condition parameters of the heat exchanger include: heat exchanger shell side heat transfer coefficient, tube side heat transfer coefficient, wall thermal resistance, and fouling thermal resistance.
On the basis of the above embodiment, further, comparing the design parameters of the heat exchanger with the operating characteristics of the gravity flow generating device specifically includes: and comparing the designed flow and the designed pressure drop of the heat exchanger on the self-flowing fluid side with the resistance and the flow relation of the self-flowing generating device.
On the basis of the above embodiment, further, comparing the design flow rate and the design pressure drop of the heat exchanger on the self-flowing fluid side with the resistance and the flow rate relation of the self-flowing generating device specifically includes: obtaining a resistance and flow characteristic curve of the gravity flow generating device; and converting the designed flow and the designed pressure drop of the heat exchanger on the self-flowing fluid side into coordinate points, and comparing the coordinate points with the resistance and flow characteristic curve of the self-flowing generating device.
The resistance and flow characteristic curve of the self-flow generating device is the inherent characteristic of the self-flow generating device and can be intuitively used for comparing the design flow and the design pressure drop of the heat exchanger. Specifically, the design flow and the design pressure drop of the heat exchanger on the self-flowing fluid side are converted into coordinate points in a resistance and flow characteristic curve coordinate system of the self-flowing generating device; it can be seen intuitively that the coordinate point is located above or below or on the curve of the resistance and flow characteristics of the gravity flow generating device.
If the design parameter coordinate point of the heat exchanger is on the curve, the design resistance of the heat exchanger is overlarge, the inlet self-flow rate can not be reached, and the heat exchanger can be adjusted to reduce the design resistance; if the design point of the heat exchanger is below the curve, the heat exchange capacity of the heat exchanger is provided with a margin, and the compactness design of the heat exchanger is insufficient, so that the heat exchange capacity of the heat exchanger can be further optimized and improved.
Based on the above embodiment, further, the adjusting and optimizing the design of the heat exchanger according to the comparison result specifically includes: if the self-flow rate corresponding to the self-flow generating device in the design pressure drop of the heat exchanger is larger than the design flow rate of the heat exchanger, the heat exchanger can be adjusted to increase the design resistance; if the corresponding self-flow rate of the self-flow generating device under the design pressure drop of the heat exchanger is smaller than the design flow rate of the heat exchanger, the heat exchanger can be adjusted to reduce the design resistance.
Based on the above embodiment, further, adjusting and optimizing the design of the heat exchanger according to the comparison result further includes: and adjusting design parameters of the heat exchanger to enable the corresponding self-flow rate of the self-flow generating device under the design pressure drop of the heat exchanger to be consistent with the design flow rate of the heat exchanger.
On the basis of the above embodiment, further, the present embodiment relates to the field of design of ship cooling systems. Based on the defects of the traditional heat exchanger thermodynamic design method, the embodiment provides a condenser design method based on a gravity flow system. The method is used for solving the technical problem that the thermodynamic characteristics of the gravity flow generating device are not matched with the working points of the heat exchanger, so that the heat exchange capacity is deteriorated. The embodiment particularly provides a design method of a ship cooling system heat exchanger based on a gravity flow system. The self-flowing fluid in the heat exchanger of the cooling system is seawater, and the seawater flows through the shell side flow path of the heat exchanger. The method mainly uses the working characteristic curve of the self-flow generating device as the design input parameter of the heat exchanger, thereby optimizing the conformal heat exchanger design flow.
Referring to fig. 1, the design method specifically includes: first, a resistance versus flow characteristic curve of the gravity flow generator is obtained, as shown in fig. 2. According to the analysis of FIG. 2, if the design point of the heat exchanger is on the curve, the resistance of the heat exchanger design is too large, and the inlet self-flow rate can not be reached; if the design point of the heat exchanger is below the curve, the heat exchange capacity of the heat exchanger is provided with allowance, and the compactness design of the heat exchanger is insufficient. Can be further optimized.
And secondly, designing a heat exchanger. The design steps are as shown in fig. 1. Firstly, specifying the heat exchange quantity of a heat exchanger based on the heat exchange requirement of a system; and determining the form of the heat exchanger and the structural parameters of the tube bundle according to the arrangement space requirement of the heat exchanger. And further calculating the heat exchange area, meanwhile, assuming the total heat exchange coefficient based on the tube bundle arrangement, obtaining inlet and outlet parameters through calculation, and obtaining the sea water demand flow based on the total heat exchange amount.
Further, the total heat exchange coefficient is obtained through parameters such as the shell side heat exchange coefficient, the tube side heat exchange coefficient, the wall surface heat resistance, the dirt heat resistance and the like, the assumed heat exchange coefficient is revised, and iteration is continued until the two heat exchange coefficients are equal. Based on the final heat exchange coefficient, the final seawater flow is calculated.
And further calculating to obtain the sea water side pressure drop of the heat exchanger.
And further converting two parameters of heat exchange quantity and pressure drop of the heat exchanger into coordinates. And obtaining a target parameter point.
If the obtained parameter points are on the curve. If the point C is too high, the design resistance of the heat exchanger is too high, so that the self-flow rate is insufficient, and the requirements cannot be met. There is a need to reduce heat exchanger design resistance. The resistance-heat exchange characteristic curve of the heat exchanger is shifted upward.
If the resulting parameter points are under the curve. Such as point B. The heat exchange capacity allowance of the heat exchanger is larger, the compactness of the heat exchanger can be further increased, and the space is saved. The resistance-heat exchange characteristic of the heat exchanger is shifted downward.
If the parameter points are on the curve, such as point A. The design of the heat exchanger is just on the design point, and the heat exchange performance of the heat exchanger and the performance of the self-flow generator are perfectly coupled and unified.
And (5) ending the design. Outputting the parameters.
By continuously adjusting the structure of the heat exchanger, the required cooling water flow is just equal to the self-flow under the condition that the heat exchanger obtains the target heat exchange capacity, so that the design point requirement is achieved, as shown in fig. 3. The design method is a novel heat exchanger design method based on design points.
By the design method, the design of the heat exchanger based on the gravity flow system can be guided. The heat exchanger can be kept to work at a design point under a rated working condition, the self-flow capacity of the self-flow generator is utilized to the greatest extent, perfect fit with a self-flow system is realized, and the heat exchange efficiency of the self-flow cooling system is maximized.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and are not limiting; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A method for designing a heat exchanger of a self-flowing heat exchange system, wherein the self-flowing heat exchange system comprises a self-flowing generating device, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the working characteristics of the self-flow generating device are used as design input parameters to design the heat exchanger, so that the self-flow rate of the self-flow generating device can meet the heat exchange requirement of the system under the flow resistance formed by the heat exchanger;
the design of the heat exchanger by taking the working characteristics of the gravity flow generating device as design input parameters specifically comprises the following steps:
designing a heat exchanger according to the heat exchange requirement of the system, and obtaining design parameters of the heat exchanger;
comparing design parameters of the heat exchanger with the working characteristics of the self-flow generating device, and adjusting and optimizing the design of the heat exchanger according to the comparison result;
the design of the heat exchanger is carried out according to the heat exchange requirement of the system, and the obtaining of the design parameters of the heat exchanger specifically comprises the following steps:
according to the heat exchange requirement of the system, obtaining the heat exchange quantity required to be achieved by the heat exchanger;
determining the form and the tube bundle structural parameters of the heat exchanger according to the arrangement space requirement of the heat exchanger;
calculating the heat exchange area;
calculating a heat exchange coefficient;
obtaining design parameters of the heat exchanger;
the heat exchange coefficient calculation specifically comprises the following steps:
based on the heat exchange area and the tube bundle structural parameters of the heat exchanger, assuming a total heat exchange coefficient;
according to the assumed total heat exchange coefficient, calculating and obtaining the actual working condition parameter of the heat exchanger under the assumed total heat exchange coefficient;
calculating according to actual working condition parameters of the heat exchanger to obtain an actual total heat exchange coefficient;
revising and iterating the assumed total heat exchange coefficient by utilizing the actual total heat exchange coefficient until the assumed total heat exchange coefficient and the assumed total heat exchange coefficient are equal to each other, and obtaining a final heat exchange coefficient;
the actual working condition parameters of the heat exchanger comprise: heat exchanger shell side heat transfer coefficient, tube side heat transfer coefficient, wall thermal resistance and dirt thermal resistance;
the design parameters of the heat exchanger include: design flow and design pressure drop of the heat exchanger on the self-flowing fluid side;
the comparison of the design parameters of the heat exchanger with the working characteristics of the self-flow generating device specifically comprises the following steps:
comparing the designed flow rate and the designed pressure drop of the heat exchanger on the self-flowing fluid side with the resistance and the flow rate relation of the self-flowing generating device;
the comparison of the design flow rate and the design pressure drop of the heat exchanger on the self-flowing fluid side with the resistance and the flow rate relation of the self-flowing generating device specifically comprises the following steps:
obtaining a resistance and flow characteristic curve of the gravity flow generating device;
and converting the designed flow and the designed pressure drop of the heat exchanger on the self-flowing fluid side into coordinate points, and comparing the coordinate points with the resistance and flow characteristic curve of the self-flowing generating device.
2. The method for designing the heat exchanger of the self-flow heat exchange system according to claim 1, wherein the adjusting and optimizing the design of the heat exchanger according to the comparison result specifically comprises:
if the self-flow rate corresponding to the self-flow generating device in the design pressure drop of the heat exchanger is larger than the design flow rate of the heat exchanger, adjusting the heat exchanger to increase the design resistance;
and if the corresponding self-flow rate of the self-flow generating device under the design pressure drop of the heat exchanger is smaller than the design flow rate of the heat exchanger, adjusting the heat exchanger to reduce the design resistance.
3. The method of designing a self-flow heat exchange system heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein the adjusting and optimizing the design of the heat exchanger according to the comparison result further comprises:
and adjusting design parameters of the heat exchanger to enable the corresponding self-flow rate of the self-flow generating device under the design pressure drop of the heat exchanger to be consistent with the design flow rate of the heat exchanger.
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