CN111402074B - Comprehensive optimization method for mass energy of circulating water system - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a comprehensive optimization method for mass energy of a circulating water system, which aims at the problem of optimizing the operation of the circulating water system. The invention comprehensively considers the operation energy consumption of the circulating water system and the supplement of working media, covers the coupling relation among water, heat, electricity and wind of the circulating water system, and establishes a three-layer iterative optimization model of a water network calculation layer, a circulating water full-system calculation layer and an economic target optimization layer. The calculation process adopts real-time data such as process load, environment and the like in the production process, and applies a genetic simulated annealing algorithm to carry out optimization solution. And finally obtaining the optimal operation point of the circulating water system under the current production condition and a set of operation data in the system. Providing scientific basis for setting the operation parameters of the circulating water system, and promoting energy conservation and consumption reduction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for comprehensively optimizing mass energy of a circulating water system.
Background
The circulating cooling water is an important public engineering of process industry represented by petrochemical industry, the water consumption of the circulating cooling water accounts for about 70% of the industrial water consumption, and the circulating cooling water is a system with the largest water consumption of the process industry. The quality of the operation of the circulating cooling water system is directly related to the normal operation of the process production, the safety of the unit operation equipment and the yield and quality of the product. How to reduce the consumption of the circulating water, improve the energy utilization efficiency of the circulating water system and the like is one of the important contents of energy conservation and emission reduction of petrochemical enterprises.
The circulating cooling water system is essentially an energy handling system: the process of carrying the surplus energy to the environment via the hot working medium (i.e. circulating water) is an "energy discharge" process. Therefore, the root of the optimization of the circulating water is the comprehensive optimization of working medium and energy consumption for maintaining the normal operation of the energy handling system. The optimization of working media comprises optimization of fresh water supplement quantity, optimization of corrosion and scale inhibitor and the like, and the optimization of energy consumption comprises optimization of cooling fan energy consumption and optimization of fluid conveying energy consumption. Common methods of optimizing the circulating water are either focused on fresh water make-up or optimization of the water supply temperature based on energy consumption objectives, or more specifically optimization of the water supply equipment. The few overall optimization technologies only focus on the comprehensive energy consumption of the fan and the water pump, and an effective optimization method capable of comprehensively considering the comprehensive influence of quality and energy in the circulating water system is not available.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical defects, the invention comprehensively considers the operation energy consumption of the circulating water system and the supplement of working media, covers the coupling relation among water, heat, electricity and wind of the circulating water system, and establishes a three-layer iterative optimization model of a water network calculation layer, a circulating water whole system calculation layer and an economic target optimization layer. The calculation process adopts real-time data such as process load, environment and the like in the production process, and applies a genetic simulated annealing algorithm to carry out optimization solution. And finally obtaining the optimal operation point of the circulating water system under the current production condition and a set of operation data in the system. Providing scientific basis for setting the operation parameters of the circulating water system, and promoting energy conservation and consumption reduction.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows: a method for comprehensively optimizing the mass energy of a circulating water system comprises the following steps:
step one: performing iterative computation based on the heat balance and the heat transfer rate equation to obtain the cooling water outlet temperature of the heat exchange equipment and the flow required by the cooling water;
step two: summarizing according to the outlet temperature of cooling water and the flow required by the cooling water of each heat exchange device to obtain the backwater temperature, backwater flow, pressure drop and pressure of a main backwater line of the water network;
step three: acquiring the temperature after cooling the circulating water of the cooling tower, the flow after cooling the circulating water and the evaporation loss by using an enthalpy difference method according to the return water temperature and the return water flow;
step four: obtaining the required running power of the water pump according to the backwater flow, the pressure drop and the characteristic curve of the water pump;
step five: obtaining the water supply temperature and the water supply flow of the circulating water according to the temperature after the circulating water cooling, the flow after the circulating water cooling, the water supplementing temperature and the water supplementing flow in the third step, and respectively taking the water supply temperature and the water supply flow as parameters of the first step to continue iteration;
step six: the running number and the water discharge amount of fans are used as optimization variables, and the overall optimization of the circulating water system is realized with the minimum total economic cost as a goal.
The first step is as follows:
let the cooling water outlet temperature set value in the ith calculation beThe cooling water outlet temperature iteration interval is +.>The outlet temperature of the cooling water is set to be +.>
(1) The initial value of the outlet temperature of the cooling water is selected: cooling water outlet temperature T c,out Is greater than the cooling water inlet temperature T c,in Less than the inlet temperature T of the hot stream h,in The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Thus providing for coolingThe iterative initial interval of the outlet temperature of the cooling water is (T) c,in ，T h,in )；
(2) Obtaining the flow required by cooling water of the heat exchange equipment according to a heat balance equation;
(3) Correcting the heat transfer coefficient;
(4) Obtaining a heat load according to the flow required by the cooling water and the corrected heat transfer coefficient through a heat transfer rate equation;
(5) And (3) iteration termination judgment: comparing the thermal load with the target thermal load, and ending the iteration if the difference value of the thermal load and the target thermal load is smaller than the convergence range; if the difference value is larger than the convergence range, the next step (6) is to update the cooling water temperature and then return to (2) iteration.
(6) Cooling water outlet temperature update: comparing the thermal load with the target thermal load, and if the thermal load is greater than the target thermal load, updating the iteration interval to beIf the thermal load is less than the target thermal load, the iteration interval is updated to +.>Updating the cooling water outlet temperature.
The correction of the heat transfer coefficient is specifically as follows:
the convective heat transfer coefficient is corrected by a proportional means, as shown in equation (2),
where h is the heat transfer coefficient and u is the flow rate; alpha is a coefficient, and the superscript 0 indicates a set standard working condition or a known working condition.
The pressure is used as a constraint for the choice of the power of the water pump in the fourth step.
The fourth step comprises the following steps:
correcting a water supply network pipeline characteristic curve according to the minimum flow required by the water pump and the pressure drop obtained in the second step according to the backwater flow and the bypass filtering amount; adjusting a characteristic curve of the water pump according to the running number of the water pump;
and connecting the pipeline characteristic curve with the water pump characteristic curve, and determining the current running state of the water pump through the intersection point of the pipeline characteristic curve and the water pump characteristic curve, so as to obtain the power of the water pump.
In the fifth step:
the flow after the circulating water cooling is the difference between the return water flow and the drainage quantity; the water replenishing temperature is obtained from the instrument; the water supplementing flow is the sum of the evaporation loss and the set drainage flow;
the obtained water supply temperature of the circulating water is used as the cooling water inlet temperature in the first step, the obtained water supply flow is equal to the water return flow in the second step, and the water supply flow is used for repeating the iteration from the first step to the fifth step until the difference value between the water supply temperature of the circulating water of the next generation and the water supply temperature of the circulating water of the previous generation is smaller than the convergence standard.
The invention has the following beneficial effects and advantages:
1. the invention comprehensively considers the coupling relation of the fan power consumption, the water pump power consumption and the water supplementing quantity, and optimizes the water pump power consumption by taking the total economic cost as a target;
2. according to the invention, the optimal operating point of the circulating water system is calculated in real time according to the current process load and the environmental parameters, and scientific guidance can be provided for setting parameters such as water supply temperature, water supply quantity and the like.
3. The invention considers the influence of flow change and dirt thermal resistance growth on the heat transfer coefficient, and more accurately describes the coupling relation between the circulating water quantity and the circulating water temperature, so that the integral comprehensive optimization of the mass energy is possible.
4. The invention considers the influence of the water supplementing temperature on the water supply temperature and the influence of the side filtering quantity on the water supply flow, thereby improving the accuracy of the simulation calculation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow example of a circulating water system according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a calculation flow chart of the energy comprehensive optimization of the circulating water system.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples, which are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
The embodiment is a circulating water system, mainly comprising a cooling tower, a water pump, heat exchange equipment and the like, wherein circulating water is pressurized and sent out by the water pump after being cooled by the cooling tower, and water temperature rises after flowing through each heat exchange equipment, and flows back to the cooling tower after being summarized, so that a circulation is formed. Each heat exchange device forms a water network based on two basic structures of series connection and parallel connection. The circulating water is used as cooling water in heat exchange equipment, the heat exchanger with all the cooling water from the water supply pipe is called a primary heat exchanger, the heat exchanger with at least one cooling water from the outlet of the primary heat exchanger is called a secondary heat exchanger, and the like. Manifold flow is calculated from conservation of mass, manifold temperature is calculated from conservation of energy, and manifold pressure is calculated from Bernoulli's equation.
Step one: iterative calculation of heat exchange equipment based on heat balance and heat transfer rate equation;
step two: summarizing and calculating by using a water network to obtain backwater temperature, backwater flow, pressure drop and pressure constraint data;
step three: calculating a cooling tower by using a Merkel enthalpy difference method;
step four: calculating the required running power of the water pump according to the flow rate of the water network, the pressure drop information and the characteristic curve of the water pump;
step five: taking the water supply temperature as a convergence target in the circulating water full-system iterative calculation considering the influence of the water supply temperature;
step six: and (3) taking the running number (power) and the water discharge of the fans as optimization variables, and carrying out global optimization on the circulating water system with the minimum total economic cost as a target.
The mass energy comprehensive optimization method of the circulating water system of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
step one: and calculating heat exchange equipment. The heat exchange equipment is water using equipment in the circulating water system and is used for transferring redundant heat in the process. Firstly, setting a water supply temperature of circulating water, wherein the water supply temperature is used as the inlet temperature of cooling water of a primary heat exchanger; the cooling water inlet temperature of the secondary heat exchanger and the following heat exchangers is determined according to the cooling water outlet temperature of the associated upper heat exchanger.
And establishing a dichotomy iterative calculation model according to the heat balance equation and the heat transfer rate equation, as shown in a water network calculation layer in fig. 2.
Let the cooling water outlet temperature set value in the ith calculation beThe cooling water outlet temperature iteration interval isThe outlet temperature of the cooling water is set to be +.>The iterative process is as follows:
(1) And (5) selecting an initial value of the outlet temperature of the cooling water.
According to the first law of thermodynamics and the second law of thermodynamics, the outlet temperature T of cooling water c,out Must be greater than the cooling water inlet temperature T c,in Less than the inlet temperature T of the hot stream h,in The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Thus, the iterative initial interval of the cooling water outlet temperature is set to (T c,in ，T h,in )。
(2) And (5) calculating the cooling water flow.
Calculating the flow required by the cooling water according to a thermal balance equation;
(3) And correcting the heat transfer coefficient.
The method comprises two parts of correction of the heat transfer coefficient according to the flow and further correction of the heat transfer coefficient according to the thermal resistance of dirt, and the two parts are specifically as follows.
The present model takes into account the effect of flow variation on heat transfer coefficient. Based on the dimensionless number group association,
Nu＝φ(Re,Pr) (1)
where Nu is the Nusselt number (Nusselt number), re is the Reynolds number (Reynolds number), pr is the Plantl number (Prandtl number), and φ represents a functional relationship.
Neglecting the influence of other variables, only focusing on the relation between the convection heat transfer coefficient and the flow rate, obtaining a formula (2) by referring to the Dittus-Boelter correlation type, correcting the convection heat transfer coefficient in a proportional way, as shown in the formula (2),
where h is the heat transfer coefficient and u is the flow rate. The superscript 0 indicates a standard condition (or a known condition), and the flow rate and the convective heat transfer coefficient of the standard condition are taken from a design document or calibrated. And calculating the convective heat transfer coefficient at the current flow rate according to the proportional equation. Alpha is a coefficient, analysis and calculation are carried out according to the flow known data, and self-adaptive updating is carried out in the subsequent optimization process. When α=0.8, i.e. the Dittus-Boelter correlation is met.
For the flow in operation, the pipe diameter parameter is not changed, so the flow rate change ratio is equal to the flow rate change ratio, and then
Wherein F is the flow.
In the model, the calculation of the thermal resistance of dirt adopts an asymptotic model, which is shown in a formula (4),
wherein the method comprises the steps ofIs the progressive value of the thermal resistance of dirt, t c Is a scale growth time constant and can be calculated according to historical data.
(4) And (5) calculating a heat load.
Calculating a heat load according to a heat transfer rate equation;
(5) Iteration termination decision
The calculated heat load is compared with a target heat load (heat-side heat load). If the difference value of the two is smaller than the convergence standard, ending the iteration; if the difference value of the two is larger than the convergence standard, the cooling water temperature is updated in the next step (6), and then the iteration is returned to the step (2).
(6) Cooling water outlet temperature update
Comparing the calculated heat load with a target heat load. If the calculated heat load is greater than the target heat load, updating the iteration interval to beIf the calculated heat load is smaller than the target heat load, updating the iteration interval to +.>And then performing halving and updating the temperature of the cooling water.
The temperature and the flow rate of the circulating cooling water flowing through the single heat exchange equipment can be obtained through the calculation.
Step two: and (5) summarizing and calculating by using a water network. According to the water network process diagram, as shown in the upper half of fig. 1, the temperature, flow and pressure parameters of each node and the main water return line in the water network are calculated. The pressure drop of the water network is corrected according to the flow of the water network based on a Darcy formula, and the pressure constraint is set according to the design requirements of equipment such as the installation height of the heat exchanger.
Step three: and (5) calculating a cooling tower. Based on the current state of the petrochemical industry, cooling towers are calculated using a counter-flow wet cooling tower model. The water flows downwards from top to bottom, the air flows upwards from bottom to top, the water transfers heat to the air, and the heat transfer paths mainly comprise phase change heat transfer and convection heat transfer.
The required data are calculated as environmental parameters (including air temperature, air humidity and wind speed), the running number of fans (if a variable frequency fan is used, the running power of the fans) and the displacement, and the Merkel enthalpy difference method is adopted as the calculation method. The ventilation quantity is obtained according to the running number of fans (or fan power), and the water quantity entering the cooling tower is the difference between the backwater flow and the drainage quantity; the running number and the water discharge of the fans are set values, and the initial values of the running number and the water discharge of the fans can be respectively taken as the upper limit of the number of the fans and 0.
And calculating to obtain the temperature after cooling the circulating water, the flow after cooling the circulating water and the evaporation loss, wherein the flow after cooling the circulating water is the difference between the water quantity entering the cooling tower and the evaporation loss.
Step four: and calculating the running power of the water pump. According to the backwater flow and the flow (relaxed according to a certain proportion to ensure the safe operation of production) which is required to be provided by the minimum of the water pump, the characteristic curve of the water supply network pipeline is corrected according to the flow and the pressure drop calculation result in the second step; on the other hand, the characteristic curve of the water pump is adjusted according to the running number of the water pump (the variable frequency pump is based on the running power of the water pump). The characteristic curve of the connecting pipe and the characteristic curve of the water pump are connected, and the current running state of the water pump is determined through the intersection point of the characteristic curve of the connecting pipe and the characteristic curve of the water pump, so that the flow, the pressure head and the power of the water pump, the total water supply flow and the water supply pressure of circulating water are further calculated. The pressure obtained in the second step is used as the constraint of the power selection of the water pump in the fourth step, namely the pressure head of the water pump under the power has to meet the requirements of all pressure constraints in the second step.
Step five: and (5) performing full-system simulation calculation on the circulating water. And calculating the water supply temperature and the water supply flow of the circulating water according to the temperature after the circulating water cooling, the flow after the circulating water cooling, the water supplementing temperature and the water supplementing flow. Wherein the water supplementing flow is the sum of the evaporation loss and the drainage flow.
And taking the calculated water supply temperature of the circulating water as a water supply temperature set value of the circulating water in the step, wherein the obtained water supply flow is equal to the water return flow in the step II, repeating the iterative calculation from the step I to the step V until the difference value between the water supply temperature of the next generation and the water supply temperature of the previous generation is smaller than a convergence standard, and calculating convergence, as shown in a calculation layer of the circulating water full system in FIG. 2.
Step six: optimizing with the aim of minimizing the total economic cost. The optimization calculation is carried out by taking the running number of fans (the running power of the fans under the variable frequency condition) and the water discharge as optimization variables and taking the minimum total economic cost as a target, as shown in an economic target optimization layer in fig. 2. Wherein the total economic cost comprises the electricity consumption cost of the fan, the electricity consumption cost of the water pump and the water supplementing cost.
Because of the high nonlinearity of the problem and the existence of a large number of locally optimal solutions, the optimization process adopts a genetic simulated annealing algorithm to solve.
And finally, the integral optimal operating point of the circulating water system comprehensively considering the electricity consumption and the water consumption can be obtained.
Claims (1)
1. The comprehensive optimization method for the mass energy of the circulating water system is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step one: performing iterative computation based on the heat balance and the heat transfer rate equation to obtain the cooling water outlet temperature of the heat exchange equipment and the flow required by the cooling water;
step two: summarizing according to the outlet temperature of cooling water and the flow required by the cooling water of each heat exchange device to obtain the backwater temperature, backwater flow, pressure drop and pressure of a main backwater line of the water network;
step three: acquiring the temperature after cooling the circulating water of the cooling tower, the flow after cooling the circulating water and the evaporation loss by using an enthalpy difference method according to the return water temperature and the return water flow;
step four: obtaining the required running power of the water pump according to the backwater flow, the pressure drop and the characteristic curve of the water pump;
step five: obtaining the water supply temperature and the water supply flow of the circulating water according to the temperature after the circulating water cooling, the flow after the circulating water cooling, the water supplementing temperature and the water supplementing flow in the third step, and respectively taking the water supply temperature and the water supply flow as parameters of the first step to continue iteration;
step six: the method comprises the steps of taking the running number and the water discharge of fans as optimization variables, and achieving global optimization of a circulating water system with the minimum total economic cost as a target, wherein the total economic cost comprises fan electricity consumption cost, water pump electricity consumption cost and water supplementing cost;
the first step is as follows:
let the cooling water outlet temperature set value in the ith calculation beThe cooling water outlet temperature iteration interval is +.>The outlet temperature of the cooling water is set to be +.>
(1) The initial value of the outlet temperature of the cooling water is selected: cooling water outlet temperature T c,out Greater than coolingWater inlet temperature T c,in Less than the inlet temperature T of the hot stream h,in The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Thus, the iterative initial interval of the cooling water outlet temperature is set to (T c,in ，T h,in )；
(2) Obtaining the flow required by cooling water of the heat exchange equipment according to a heat balance equation;
(3) Correcting the heat transfer coefficient;
(4) Obtaining a heat load according to the flow required by the cooling water and the corrected heat transfer coefficient through a heat transfer rate equation;
(5) And (3) iteration termination judgment: comparing the thermal load with the target thermal load, and ending the iteration if the difference value of the thermal load and the target thermal load is smaller than the convergence range; if the difference value of the two is larger than the convergence range, the cooling water temperature is updated in the next step (6), and then the iteration is returned to the step (2);
(6) Cooling water outlet temperature update: comparing the thermal load with the target thermal load, and if the thermal load is greater than the target thermal load, updating the iteration interval to beIf the thermal load is less than the target thermal load, the iteration interval is updated to +.>Updating the cooling water outlet temperature;
the correction of the heat transfer coefficient is specifically as follows:
the convective heat transfer coefficient is corrected by a proportional means, as shown in equation (2),
where h is the heat transfer coefficient and u is the flow rate; alpha is a coefficient, and the superscript 0 represents a set standard working condition or a known working condition;
the pressure is used as a constraint of water pump power selection in the fourth step;
the fourth step comprises the following steps:
correcting a water supply network pipeline characteristic curve according to the minimum flow required by the water pump and the pressure drop obtained in the second step according to the backwater flow and the bypass filtering amount; adjusting a characteristic curve of the water pump according to the running number of the water pump;
connecting the pipeline characteristic curve with the water pump characteristic curve, and determining the current running state of the water pump through the intersection point of the pipeline characteristic curve and the water pump characteristic curve so as to obtain the power of the water pump;
in the fifth step:
the flow after the circulating water cooling is the difference between the return water flow and the drainage quantity; the water replenishing temperature is obtained from the instrument; the water supplementing flow is the sum of the evaporation loss and the set drainage flow;
the obtained water supply temperature of the circulating water is used as the cooling water inlet temperature in the first step, the obtained water supply flow is equal to the water return flow in the second step, and the water supply flow is used for repeating the iteration from the first step to the fifth step until the difference value between the water supply temperature of the circulating water of the next generation and the water supply temperature of the circulating water of the previous generation is smaller than the convergence threshold value.
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| 工业循环水系统的节能优化研究;林雪茹;李达;古勇;田东鹏;吴玉成;侯卫锋;;自动化仪表(第08期);第36-39页 * |
| 工业无线通信技术讲座 第六十五讲 基于WIA-PA的工业无线技术在循环水模拟优化系统中的应用;师云;李继龙;王挺;王秋石;曾鹏;;仪器仪表标准化与计量(第05期);第24-27页 * |
| 循环冷却水系统的优化设计;王宁;硕士学位论文;第1-92页 * |
| 换热网络系统分析;姚平经,郑轩荣,刘传栋,唐葆生,滕学;大连理工大学学报(第03期);第75-78页 * |
| 热网供热调节方式对吸收式热泵性能的影响;范江;白海尚;李彪;;暖通空调(第01期);第140-143页 * |
| 考虑换热强化的循环水网络优化;索瑞琴 等;计算机与应用化学;第32卷(第12期);第1439-1442页 * |
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