CN113685797A - Variable working condition thermodynamic calculation method for waste heat boiler economizer - Google Patents
Variable working condition thermodynamic calculation method for waste heat boiler economizer Download PDFInfo
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22D—PREHEATING, OR ACCUMULATING PREHEATED, FEED-WATER FOR STEAM GENERATION; FEED-WATER SUPPLY FOR STEAM GENERATION; CONTROLLING WATER LEVEL FOR STEAM GENERATION; AUXILIARY DEVICES FOR PROMOTING WATER CIRCULATION WITHIN STEAM BOILERS
- F22D1/00—Feed-water heaters, i.e. economisers or like preheaters
- F22D1/16—Feed-water heaters, i.e. economisers or like preheaters with water tubes arranged otherwise than in the boiler furnace, fire tubes, or flue ways
- F22D1/18—Feed-water heaters, i.e. economisers or like preheaters with water tubes arranged otherwise than in the boiler furnace, fire tubes, or flue ways and heated indirectly
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B35/00—Control systems for steam boilers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
- F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
- F22B37/48—Devices for removing water, salt, or sludge from boilers; Arrangements of cleaning apparatus in boilers; Combinations thereof with boilers
- F22B37/54—De-sludging or blow-down devices
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/30—Technologies for a more efficient combustion or heat usage
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Abstract
The invention discloses a variable working condition thermodynamic calculation method of a waste heat boiler economizer, which comprises the following steps: step 1, under a steady state condition, carrying out thermal calculation according to parameters of a flue gas inlet side, a flue gas outlet side and a water side of a waste heat boiler economizer under a reference working condition (1) to obtain the overall heat transfer coefficient of the economizer under the working condition; step 2, calculating to obtain the heat transfer coefficient of the water side of the economizer; step 3, calculating the obtained water side heat transfer coefficient and pipe wall heat transfer coefficient of the economizer, and calculating the overall heat transfer coefficient of the flue gas side under the reference working condition (1); step 4, calculating by a simplified formula to obtain the water-side heat transfer coefficient of the economizer under the variable working condition (2); step 5, calculating by a simplified formula to obtain the heat transfer coefficient of the side of the flue gas of the economizer under the variable working condition (2); step 6, calculating to obtain the total heat transfer coefficient of the economizer under the variable working condition (2); and 7, performing iterative calculation to obtain the water temperature and the smoke temperature at the outlet of the economizer. The invention can be used for variable working condition thermal performance analysis, on-line performance monitoring and the like of the waste heat boiler.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of gas-steam combined cycle units, and particularly relates to a variable working condition thermodynamic calculation method of a waste heat boiler economizer.
Background
In a combined cycle plant, a waste heat boiler plays a very important role, and it generates steam of different grades by recovering waste heat discharged from a gas turbine and supplies the steam turbine with the steam for heat-power conversion, which is a very important component of the combined cycle system. Because of the change of the load of the combined cycle unit and the environmental meteorological conditions, the gas turbine is always in a variable working condition running state, so the heat, the flow and the components of the flue gas entering the waste heat boiler all change frequently; in addition, for combined cycle units for cogeneration, the change of steam extraction and heat supply can also cause the change of the steam quantity of the waste heat boiler; the above factors all cause the waste heat boiler to be in a variable working condition operation state frequently. Therefore, the research on the thermodynamic calculation method of the waste heat boiler under the variable working condition is very important for predicting and analyzing the thermodynamic performance of the waste heat boiler and even the combined cycle unit under the variable working condition.
The waste heat boiler consists of an economizer, an evaporator and a superheater. Therefore, the thermodynamic calculation of the waste heat boiler under the variable working condition is also formed by the simultaneous calculation of the thermodynamic calculation of the variable working conditions of the economizer, the evaporator and the superheater. In the traditional variable-working-condition thermodynamic calculation of the waste heat boiler economizer, the heat exchange coefficient at the flue gas side needs to be subjected to complex and tedious iterative calculation, so that the traditional variable-working-condition thermodynamic calculation method of the economizer is not suitable for a rapid thermodynamic performance analysis scene, such as online performance monitoring of the waste heat boiler and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: aiming at the problem that the heat transfer coefficient of the flue gas side of the waste heat boiler economizer is required to be subjected to complex iterative calculation in the traditional method for calculating the heat of the waste heat boiler economizer under the variable working condition, so that the heat transfer coefficient of the flue gas side of the waste heat boiler economizer is relatively complicated in the calculation process, the method for calculating the heat transfer coefficient of the waste heat boiler economizer under the variable working condition is provided, iterative calculation is not required, the calculation of the heat transfer coefficient of the flue gas side of the waste heat boiler economizer under the variable working condition can be carried out quickly and simply, the accuracy is high, and the method can be used for analyzing the heat performance of the waste heat boiler under the variable working condition, monitoring the performance on line and the like.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention specifically comprises the following steps:
a variable working condition thermodynamic calculation method of a waste heat boiler economizer comprises the following steps:
step 1, under a steady state condition, carrying out thermal calculation according to parameters of a flue gas inlet side, a flue gas outlet side and a water side of a waste heat boiler economizer under a reference working condition (1) to obtain the overall heat transfer coefficient of the economizer under the working condition;
step 2, calculating according to geometric parameters such as water inlet side parameters, water outlet side parameters and tube bundle diameters of the economizer of the waste heat boiler under the reference working condition (1) to obtain the water side heat transfer coefficient of the economizer;
step 3, calculating to obtain the flue gas side overall heat transfer coefficient under the reference working condition (1) according to the economizer overall heat transfer coefficient calculated in the step 1, the economizer water side heat transfer coefficient and the economizer pipe wall heat transfer coefficient calculated in the step 2, and neglecting the pipe wall side heat transfer coefficient and the inside and outside dirt coefficients;
step 4, starting to calculate the variable working condition, and calculating the heat transfer coefficient of the water side of the economizer under the variable working condition (2) through a simplified formula according to the water amount in the economizer under the variable working condition (2) and based on the heat transfer coefficient of the water side of the economizer under the reference working condition (1);
step 5, calculating to obtain the flue gas side heat transfer coefficient of the economizer under the variable working condition (2) through a simplified formula according to the flue gas flow passing through the economizer under the variable working condition (2) and based on the flue gas side total heat transfer coefficient under the reference working condition (1);
step 6, calculating the total heat transfer coefficient of the economizer under the variable working condition (2) according to the heat transfer coefficient of the water side of the economizer under the variable working condition (2) calculated in the step 4 and the heat transfer coefficient of the flue gas side of the economizer under the variable working condition (2) obtained in the step 5;
and 7, performing thermal calculation on the economizer based on the total heat transfer coefficient of the economizer, the water temperature at the inlet of the economizer and the smoke temperature under the variable working condition (2) obtained by calculation in the step 6, and performing iterative calculation to obtain the water temperature at the outlet of the economizer and the smoke temperature.
The invention is further improved in that, in step 1, the calculation formula is as follows:
carrying out thermal calculation according to parameters such as inlet and outlet flue gas side and water side parameters of the waste heat boiler economizer under a reference working condition, heat exchange area of the economizer and the like to obtain the logarithmic average temperature difference of the economizer under the working condition:
in the formula: t isg1The temperature of the inlet flue gas of the economizer is DEG C; t isw2The temperature is the outlet water temperature of the economizer, DEG C; t isg2The temperature of the flue gas at the outlet of the economizer is DEG C; t isw1The temperature is the inlet water temperature of the economizer, DEG C;
and solving to obtain the total heat transfer coefficient of the coal economizer under the reference working condition according to the logarithmic average temperature difference calculation result.
The invention has the further improvement that the calculation formula of the total heat transfer coefficient of the coal economizer under the reference working condition is as follows:
in the formula: u shapeeco，bThe total heat transfer coefficient of the coal economizer is the reference working condition, W/m2.℃；Ww,bThe flow rate of working medium in the economizer is kg/s; e.g. of the typew2Is the enthalpy of water at the inlet of the coal economizer, kJ/kg; e.g. of the typew1Is the enthalpy of water at the outlet of the economizer, kJ/kg; a. thetM is the heat exchange area of the economizer2。
The invention is further improved in that, in step 2, the calculation formula is as follows:
solving according to the water side parameters of the waste heat boiler economizer under the reference working condition, the tube bundle diameter of the economizer and the tube bundle number geometric parameters to obtain the water side heat exchange coefficient of the economizer:
in the formula: h isw，bThe heat exchange coefficient of the water side in the economizer is W/m under the reference working condition2.℃；cpwThe specific heat of the water side of the economizer is J/kg. ℃; mu.swThe viscosity of the water side of the coal economizer is kg/m.s; k is a radical ofwThe water side thermal conductivity of the economizer is W/m DEG C; diIs the inner diameter of the tube bundle of the coal economizer, which is mm.
The invention is further improved in that, in step 3, the calculation formula is as follows:
neglecting the heat transfer coefficient of the pipe wall side and the coefficients of dirt inside and outside the pipe, the heat transfer coefficient of the flue gas side of the coal economizer under the reference working condition is obtained by solving the following formula:
in the formula: a. theiThe heat exchange area in the tube of the heat exchange tube of the economizer.
The invention is further improved in that, in step 4, the calculation formula is as follows:
according to the water side flow under the variable working condition, calculating by a simplified formula to obtain the water side heat transfer coefficient under the variable working condition:
the invention is further improved in that, in step 5, the calculation formula is as follows:
according to the flue gas flow under the variable working condition, calculating the heat transfer coefficient of the flue gas side under the variable working condition through a simplified formula:
the invention is further improved in that, in step 5, the calculation formula is as follows:
the invention has at least the following beneficial technical effects:
the variable working condition thermodynamic calculation method of the waste heat boiler economizer provided by the invention can be used for quickly and simply performing thermodynamic calculation under the variable working condition of the waste heat boiler economizer according to the boundary parameters of the inlet and the outlet of the waste heat boiler economizer under the reference working condition, avoiding fussy iterative calculation, having better accuracy and being used for variable working condition thermodynamic performance analysis, on-line performance monitoring and the like of the waste heat boiler economizer.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows a method for calculating the overall heat transfer coefficient, the water side heat transfer coefficient and the flue gas heat transfer coefficient of an economizer under a reference working condition.
FIG. 2 is a method for calculating the water side heat transfer coefficient, the flue gas heat transfer coefficient and the overall heat transfer coefficient of the economizer under variable working conditions.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in detail with reference to the following drawings:
as shown in fig. 1, thermodynamic calculation is performed according to parameters such as inlet and outlet flue gas side and water side parameters of the economizer of the waste heat boiler under a reference working condition, and heat exchange area of the economizer to obtain the logarithmic average temperature difference of the economizer under the working condition:
in the formula: t isg1The temperature of the inlet flue gas of the economizer is DEG C; t isw2The temperature is the outlet water temperature of the economizer, DEG C; t isg2The temperature of the flue gas at the outlet of the economizer is DEG C; t isw1Is the temperature of the inlet water of the economizer, and is DEG C.
And solving to obtain the total heat transfer coefficient of the coal economizer under the reference working condition according to the logarithmic average temperature difference calculation result:
in the formula: u shapeeco，bThe total heat transfer coefficient of the coal economizer is the reference working condition, W/m2.℃；Ww,bThe flow rate of working medium in the economizer is kg/s; e.g. of the typew2Is the enthalpy of water at the inlet of the coal economizer, kJ/kg; e.g. of the typew1Is the enthalpy of water at the outlet of the economizer, kJ/kg; a. thetM is the heat exchange area of the economizer2。
As shown in fig. 1, the water-side heat exchange coefficient of the economizer is obtained by solving the water-side parameters of the economizer of the waste heat boiler under the reference working condition and the geometric parameters such as the diameter of the tube bundle of the economizer, the number of the tube bundles and the like:
in the formula: h isw，bThe heat exchange coefficient of the water side in the economizer is W/m under the reference working condition2.℃；cpwThe specific heat of the water side of the economizer is J/kg. ℃; mu.swThe viscosity of the water side of the coal economizer is kg/m.s; k is a radical ofwThe water side thermal conductivity of the economizer is W/m DEG C; diIs the inner diameter of the tube bundle of the coal economizer, which is mm.
Neglecting the heat transfer coefficient of the pipe wall side and the coefficients of dirt inside and outside the pipe, the heat transfer coefficient of the flue gas side of the coal economizer under the reference working condition can be obtained by the following formula:
in the formula: a. theiThe heat exchange area in the tube of the heat exchange tube of the economizer.
As shown in fig. 2, according to the water side flow under the variable working condition, the water side heat transfer coefficient under the variable working condition is calculated by a simplified formula:
as shown in fig. 2, according to the flue gas flow under the variable working conditions, the flue gas side heat transfer coefficient under the variable working conditions is calculated by a simplified formula:
calculating the total heat transfer coefficient of the economizer under the variable working condition according to the calculated water side heat transfer coefficient and the calculated flue gas side heat transfer coefficient under the variable working condition:
and obtaining the outlet water temperature and the outlet flue gas temperature through iterative calculation according to the calculated total heat transfer coefficient of the economizer under the variable working condition and the inlet flue gas temperature and the inlet water temperature of the economizer under the variable working condition.
Examples
Calculating the overall heat transfer coefficient under a certain combined cycle unit under the working condition according to the 100% load working condition of the double-pressure waste heat boiler as a reference working condition and on the basis of the thermal performance parameters under the working condition; the heat exchange coefficients of the high-pressure economizer and the low-pressure economizer under 75% of working conditions and 30% of working conditions are calculated by adopting the method provided by the invention, and the heat exchange coefficients are compared with the heat exchange coefficients calculated by adopting the traditional method to know that: the deviation of both methods is within 0.5%, as shown in table 1 below. Therefore, the method provided by the invention has better accuracy, can avoid the complex iterative process of the traditional method, and can quickly, simply and conveniently calculate the heat power of the waste heat boiler economizer under variable working conditions.
TABLE 1 comparison of the results of the variable working conditions calculation of the method of the present invention with those of the conventional method
Claims (8)
1. A variable working condition thermodynamic calculation method of a waste heat boiler economizer is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, under a steady state condition, carrying out thermal calculation according to parameters of a flue gas inlet side, a flue gas outlet side and a water side of a waste heat boiler economizer under a reference working condition (1) to obtain the overall heat transfer coefficient of the economizer under the working condition;
step 2, calculating according to geometric parameters such as water inlet side parameters, water outlet side parameters and tube bundle diameters of the economizer of the waste heat boiler under the reference working condition (1) to obtain the water side heat transfer coefficient of the economizer;
step 3, calculating to obtain the flue gas side overall heat transfer coefficient under the reference working condition (1) according to the economizer overall heat transfer coefficient calculated in the step 1, the economizer water side heat transfer coefficient and the economizer pipe wall heat transfer coefficient calculated in the step 2, and neglecting the pipe wall side heat transfer coefficient and the inside and outside dirt coefficients;
step 4, starting to calculate the variable working condition, and calculating the heat transfer coefficient of the water side of the economizer under the variable working condition (2) through a simplified formula according to the water amount in the economizer under the variable working condition (2) and based on the heat transfer coefficient of the water side of the economizer under the reference working condition (1);
step 5, calculating to obtain the flue gas side heat transfer coefficient of the economizer under the variable working condition (2) through a simplified formula according to the flue gas flow passing through the economizer under the variable working condition (2) and based on the flue gas side total heat transfer coefficient under the reference working condition (1);
step 6, calculating the total heat transfer coefficient of the economizer under the variable working condition (2) according to the heat transfer coefficient of the water side of the economizer under the variable working condition (2) calculated in the step 4 and the heat transfer coefficient of the flue gas side of the economizer under the variable working condition (2) obtained in the step 5;
and 7, performing thermal calculation on the economizer based on the total heat transfer coefficient of the economizer, the water temperature at the inlet of the economizer and the smoke temperature under the variable working condition (2) obtained by calculation in the step 6, and performing iterative calculation to obtain the water temperature at the outlet of the economizer and the smoke temperature.
2. The variable working condition thermodynamic calculation method of a waste heat boiler economizer according to claim 1, wherein in step 1, the calculation formula is as follows:
carrying out thermal calculation according to parameters such as inlet and outlet flue gas side and water side parameters of the waste heat boiler economizer under a reference working condition, heat exchange area of the economizer and the like to obtain the logarithmic average temperature difference of the economizer under the working condition:
in the formula: t isg1The temperature of the inlet flue gas of the economizer is DEG C; t isw2The temperature is the outlet water temperature of the economizer, DEG C; t isg2The temperature of the flue gas at the outlet of the economizer is DEG C; t isw1The temperature is the inlet water temperature of the economizer, DEG C;
and solving to obtain the total heat transfer coefficient of the coal economizer under the reference working condition according to the logarithmic average temperature difference calculation result.
3. The variable-operating-condition thermodynamic calculation method of the waste heat boiler economizer as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the calculation formula of the total heat transfer coefficient of the reference operating-condition economizer is as follows:
in the formula: u shapeeco，bThe total heat transfer coefficient of the coal economizer is the reference working condition, W/m2.℃；Ww,bThe flow rate of working medium in the economizer is kg/s; e.g. of the typew2Is the enthalpy of water at the inlet of the coal economizer, kJ/kg; e.g. of the typew1Is the enthalpy of water at the outlet of the economizer, kJ/kg; a. thetM is the heat exchange area of the economizer2。
4. The variable-operating-condition thermodynamic calculation method of the waste heat boiler economizer according to claim 3, wherein in the step 2, the calculation formula is as follows:
solving according to the water side parameters of the waste heat boiler economizer under the reference working condition, the tube bundle diameter of the economizer and the tube bundle number geometric parameters to obtain the water side heat exchange coefficient of the economizer:
in the formula: h isw，bThe heat exchange coefficient of the water side in the economizer is W/m under the reference working condition2.℃；cpwThe specific heat of the water side of the economizer is J/kg. ℃; mu.swThe viscosity of the water side of the coal economizer is kg/m.s; k is a radical ofwThe water side thermal conductivity of the economizer is W/m DEG C; diIs the inner diameter of the tube bundle of the coal economizer, which is mm.
5. The variable working condition thermodynamic calculation method of the waste heat boiler economizer according to claim 4, wherein in step 3, the calculation formula is as follows:
neglecting the heat transfer coefficient of the pipe wall side and the coefficients of dirt inside and outside the pipe, the heat transfer coefficient of the flue gas side of the coal economizer under the reference working condition is obtained by solving the following formula:
in the formula: a. theiThe heat exchange area in the tube of the heat exchange tube of the economizer.
6. The variable working condition thermodynamic calculation method of a waste heat boiler economizer according to claim 5, wherein in step 4, the calculation formula is as follows:
according to the water side flow under the variable working condition, calculating by a simplified formula to obtain the water side heat transfer coefficient under the variable working condition:
7. the variable working condition thermodynamic calculation method of a waste heat boiler economizer according to claim 6, wherein in step 5, the calculation formula is as follows:
according to the flue gas flow under the variable working condition, calculating the heat transfer coefficient of the flue gas side under the variable working condition through a simplified formula:
8. the variable-operating-condition thermodynamic calculation method of the waste heat boiler economizer according to claim 7, wherein in step 5, the calculation formula is as follows:
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