CN113685797B - Variable working condition thermodynamic calculation method for waste heat boiler economizer - Google Patents
Variable working condition thermodynamic calculation method for waste heat boiler economizer Download PDFInfo
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- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22D—PREHEATING, OR ACCUMULATING PREHEATED, FEED-WATER FOR STEAM GENERATION; FEED-WATER SUPPLY FOR STEAM GENERATION; CONTROLLING WATER LEVEL FOR STEAM GENERATION; AUXILIARY DEVICES FOR PROMOTING WATER CIRCULATION WITHIN STEAM BOILERS
- F22D1/00—Feed-water heaters, i.e. economisers or like preheaters
- F22D1/16—Feed-water heaters, i.e. economisers or like preheaters with water tubes arranged otherwise than in the boiler furnace, fire tubes, or flue ways
- F22D1/18—Feed-water heaters, i.e. economisers or like preheaters with water tubes arranged otherwise than in the boiler furnace, fire tubes, or flue ways and heated indirectly
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B35/00—Control systems for steam boilers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
- F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
- F22B37/48—Devices for removing water, salt, or sludge from boilers; Arrangements of cleaning apparatus in boilers; Combinations thereof with boilers
- F22B37/54—De-sludging or blow-down devices
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/30—Technologies for a more efficient combustion or heat usage
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Control Of Steam Boilers And Waste-Gas Boilers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a variable working condition thermodynamic calculation method of a waste heat boiler economizer, which comprises the following steps: step 1, under a steady state condition, carrying out thermal calculation according to parameters of the inlet flue gas side and the outlet flue gas side of the waste heat boiler economizer under a reference working condition (1) to obtain the overall heat transfer coefficient of the economizer under the working condition; step 2, calculating to obtain the water side heat transfer coefficient of the economizer; step 3, calculating the water side heat transfer coefficient and the pipe wall heat transfer coefficient of the obtained economizer, and calculating the total heat transfer coefficient of the flue gas side under the reference working condition (1); step 4, calculating to obtain the water side heat transfer coefficient of the economizer under the variable working condition (2) through a simplified formula; step 5, calculating to obtain the flue gas side heat transfer coefficient of the economizer under the variable working condition (2) through a simplified formula; step 6, calculating to obtain the overall heat transfer coefficient of the economizer under the variable working condition (2); and 7, performing iterative calculation to obtain the outlet water temperature and the smoke temperature of the economizer. The invention can be used for variable working condition thermodynamic performance analysis, online performance monitoring and the like of the waste heat boiler.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of gas-steam combined cycle units, and particularly relates to a variable working condition thermodynamic calculation method of a waste heat boiler economizer.
Background
In the combined cycle system, the waste heat boiler plays a very important role, and generates steam with different grades by recovering waste heat discharged by the gas turbine and supplies the steam to the turbine for heat-power conversion, so that the waste heat boiler is a very important component in the combined cycle system. Because the load of the combined cycle unit and the environmental meteorological conditions are changed, the gas turbine is always in a variable working condition running state, so that the heat quantity, the flow quantity and the smoke components of the smoke entering the waste heat boiler are always changed; in addition, for the combined cycle unit of the cogeneration, the steam extraction and heat supply quantity of the combined cycle unit can also change to cause the steam quantity of the waste heat boiler; all the above factors lead to the waste heat boiler being always in a variable working condition operation state. Therefore, the research on the thermodynamic calculation method of the waste heat boiler under the variable working condition is important to predicting and analyzing the thermodynamic performance of the waste heat boiler even under the variable working condition of the combined cycle unit.
The waste heat boiler consists of an economizer, an evaporator and a superheater. Therefore, the thermodynamic calculation of the waste heat boiler under the variable working condition is also composed of the variable working condition thermodynamic calculation of the economizer, the evaporator and the superheater in parallel. In the variable working condition thermodynamic calculation of the traditional waste heat boiler economizer, the flue gas side heat exchange coefficient is required to be subjected to complex and complicated iterative calculation, so that the traditional variable working condition thermodynamic calculation method of the economizer is not suitable for a rapid thermodynamic performance analysis scene, such as online performance monitoring of the waste heat boiler.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows: aiming at the problem that the traditional variable working condition thermodynamic calculation method of the waste heat boiler economizer needs complex iterative calculation to cause the complicated variable working condition thermodynamic calculation process of the waste heat boiler economizer, the variable working condition thermodynamic calculation method of the waste heat boiler economizer is provided, the iterative calculation is not needed, the calculation of the variable working condition thermodynamic coefficient of the waste heat boiler economizer can be quickly and simply carried out, the accuracy is better, and the variable working condition thermodynamic performance analysis, the online performance monitoring and the like of the waste heat boiler can be used.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention specifically comprises the following steps:
a variable working condition thermodynamic calculation method of a waste heat boiler economizer comprises the following steps:
step 1, under a steady state condition, carrying out thermal calculation according to parameters of the inlet flue gas side and the outlet flue gas side of the waste heat boiler economizer under a reference working condition (1) to obtain the overall heat transfer coefficient of the economizer under the working condition;
step 2, calculating to obtain the water side heat transfer coefficient of the economizer according to geometric parameters such as inlet and outlet water side parameters of the economizer of the waste heat boiler under the reference working condition (1) and the diameter of a tube bundle of the economizer;
step 3, calculating the overall heat transfer coefficient of the flue gas side under the reference working condition (1) according to the overall heat transfer coefficient of the economizer calculated in the step 1 and the water side heat transfer coefficient and the pipe wall heat transfer coefficient of the economizer calculated in the step 2, and neglecting the pipe wall side heat transfer coefficient and the inner and outer dirt coefficients of the pipe;
step 4, starting to calculate the variable working condition, and calculating to obtain the water side heat transfer coefficient of the economizer under the variable working condition (2) by simplifying a formula according to the water quantity in the economizer under the variable working condition (2) and based on the water side heat transfer coefficient of the economizer under the reference working condition (1);
step 5, according to the flue gas flow rate passing through the economizer under the variable working condition (2), and based on the overall heat transfer coefficient of the flue gas side under the reference working condition (1), calculating to obtain the heat transfer coefficient of the flue gas side of the economizer under the variable working condition (2) through a simplified formula;
step 6, calculating to obtain the overall heat transfer coefficient of the economizer under the variable working condition (2) according to the water side heat transfer coefficient of the economizer under the variable working condition (2) obtained by the calculation in the step 4 and the flue gas side heat transfer coefficient of the economizer under the variable working condition (2) obtained by the step 5;
and 7, performing thermal calculation of the economizer based on the overall heat transfer coefficient of the economizer, the inlet water temperature and the smoke temperature of the economizer under the variable working condition (2) calculated in the step 6, and performing iterative calculation to obtain the outlet water temperature and the smoke temperature of the economizer.
The invention is further improved in that in the step 1, the calculation formula is as follows:
according to parameters such as inlet and outlet flue gas side and water side parameters of the economizer of the waste heat boiler under the reference working condition, the heat exchange area of the economizer and the like, carrying out thermal calculation to obtain the logarithmic average temperature difference of the economizer under the working condition:
wherein: t (T) g1 The temperature of flue gas at the inlet of the economizer is DEG C; t (T) w2 The temperature of the outlet water of the economizer is DEG C; t (T) g2 The temperature of the flue gas at the outlet of the economizer is DEG C; t (T) w1 The temperature of inlet water of the economizer is DEG C;
and solving to obtain the overall heat transfer coefficient of the reference condition economizer according to the logarithmic average temperature difference calculation result.
The invention is further improved in that the calculation formula of the total heat transfer coefficient of the reference condition economizer is as follows:
wherein: u (U) eco，b The overall heat transfer coefficient of the economizer is the reference working condition, W/m 2 .℃；W w,b The water flow rate of working medium in the coal economizer is kg/s; e, e w2 The water enthalpy of the inlet of the economizer is kJ/kg; e, e w1 The water enthalpy of the outlet of the economizer is kJ/kg; a is that t For the heat exchange area of the economizer, m 2 。
The invention is further improved in that in the step 2, the calculation formula is as follows:
solving the water side heat exchange coefficient of the economizer according to the water side parameters of the reference working condition waste heat boiler economizer and the tube bundle diameter and the tube bundle quantity geometric parameters of the economizer:
wherein: h is a w，b The water side heat exchange coefficient W/m in the economizer with the reference working condition 2 .℃；c pw Specific heat of the water side of the economizer is J/kg. ℃; mu (mu) w Kg/m.s for economizer water side viscosity; k (k) w W/m.degree.C. for the water side thermal conductivity of the economizer; d, d i The inner diameter of the tube bundle of the economizer is mm.
The invention is further improved in that in the step 3, the calculation formula is as follows:
neglecting the heat transfer coefficient at the pipe wall side and the dirt coefficient inside and outside the pipe, the flue gas side heat transfer coefficient of the reference condition economizer is obtained by solving the following steps:
wherein: a is that i The heat exchange area in the heat exchange tube of the economizer.
The invention is further improved in that in the step 4, the calculation formula is as follows:
according to the water side flow under the variable working condition, the water side heat transfer coefficient under the variable working condition is obtained through calculation by a simplified formula:
the invention is further improved in that in the step 5, the calculation formula is as follows:
according to the flue gas flow under the variable working condition, the flue gas side heat transfer coefficient under the variable working condition is obtained through calculation of a simplified formula:
the invention is further improved in that in the step 6, the calculation formula is as follows:
the invention has at least the following beneficial technical effects:
according to the variable working condition thermodynamic calculation method of the waste heat boiler economizer, provided by the invention, thermodynamic calculation of the waste heat boiler economizer under the variable working condition can be rapidly and simply performed according to the boundary parameters of the inlet and outlet of the waste heat boiler economizer under the reference working condition, complicated iterative calculation is avoided, the accuracy is better, and the variable working condition thermodynamic performance analysis and online performance monitoring of the waste heat boiler can be realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of the overall heat transfer coefficient, water side heat transfer coefficient and flue gas heat transfer coefficient calculation method for an economizer under baseline conditions.
FIG. 2 is a graph of the economizer water side heat transfer coefficient, flue gas heat transfer coefficient, and overall heat transfer coefficient calculation method under variable operating conditions.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings:
as shown in fig. 1, according to parameters such as inlet flue gas side, outlet flue gas side, water side and heat exchange area of the economizer of the waste heat boiler under the reference working condition, thermodynamic calculation is performed to obtain the logarithmic average temperature difference of the economizer under the working condition:
wherein: t (T) g1 The temperature of flue gas at the inlet of the economizer is DEG C; t (T) w2 The temperature of the outlet water of the economizer is DEG C; t (T) g2 The temperature of the flue gas at the outlet of the economizer is DEG C; t (T) w1 The temperature of inlet water of the economizer is DEG C.
According to the logarithmic average temperature difference calculation result, solving to obtain the overall heat transfer coefficient of the reference working condition economizer:
wherein: u (U) eco，b The overall heat transfer coefficient of the economizer is the reference working condition, W/m 2 .℃；W w,b The water flow rate of working medium in the coal economizer is kg/s; e, e w2 The water enthalpy of the inlet of the economizer is kJ/kg; e, e w1 The water enthalpy of the outlet of the economizer is kJ/kg; a is that t For the heat exchange area of the economizer, m 2 。
As shown in fig. 1, according to the water side parameters of the economizer of the waste heat boiler under the reference working condition, the water side heat exchange coefficient of the economizer is obtained by solving geometrical parameters such as the diameter of the tube bundles of the economizer, the number of the tube bundles and the like:
wherein: h is a w，b The water side heat exchange coefficient W/m in the economizer with the reference working condition 2 .℃；c pw Specific heat of the water side of the economizer is J/kg. ℃; mu (mu) w Kg/m.s for economizer water side viscosity; k (k) w W/m.degree.C. for the water side thermal conductivity of the economizer; d, d i The inner diameter of the tube bundle of the economizer is mm.
Neglecting the heat transfer coefficient at the pipe wall side and the dirt coefficient inside and outside the pipe, the flue gas side heat transfer coefficient of the reference condition economizer can be obtained by solving the following formula:
wherein: a is that i The heat exchange area in the heat exchange tube of the economizer.
As shown in fig. 2, according to the water side flow under the variable working condition, the water side heat transfer coefficient under the variable working condition is obtained through calculation by simplifying a formula:
as shown in fig. 2, according to the flue gas flow under the variable working condition, the flue gas side heat transfer coefficient under the variable working condition is obtained through calculation by simplifying a formula:
according to the calculated water side heat transfer coefficient and the flue gas side heat transfer coefficient under the variable working condition, calculating the overall heat transfer coefficient of the economizer under the variable working condition:
and according to the calculated overall heat transfer coefficient of the economizer under the variable working condition, and according to the inlet flue gas temperature and the inlet water temperature of the economizer under the variable working condition, the outlet water temperature and the outlet flue gas temperature are obtained through iterative calculation.
Examples
According to a 100% load working condition of a double-pressure waste heat boiler of a certain combined cycle unit as a reference working condition, and based on a thermodynamic performance parameter under the working condition, calculating an overall heat transfer coefficient under the working condition; the heat exchange coefficients of the high-pressure and low-pressure economizers under 75% working condition and 30% working condition are calculated by adopting the method provided by the invention, and compared with the heat exchange coefficients calculated by adopting the traditional method, the heat exchange coefficients can be known: the deviation of the two methods is within 0.5%, as shown in table 1 below. Therefore, the method provided by the invention has better accuracy, can avoid the complex iteration process of the traditional method, and can quickly and simply perform the thermodynamic calculation of the waste heat boiler economizer under the variable working condition.
TABLE 1 comparison of the results of the variable Condition calculation of the inventive method with the conventional method
Claims (1)
1. The variable working condition thermodynamic calculation method of the waste heat boiler economizer is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1, under a steady state condition, carrying out thermal calculation according to parameters of the inlet flue gas side and the outlet flue gas side of the waste heat boiler economizer under a reference working condition (1) to obtain the overall heat transfer coefficient of the economizer under the working condition; the calculation formula is as follows:
according to parameters such as inlet and outlet flue gas side and water side parameters of the economizer of the waste heat boiler under the reference working condition, the heat exchange area of the economizer and the like, carrying out thermal calculation to obtain the logarithmic average temperature difference of the economizer under the working condition:
wherein: t (T) g1 The temperature of flue gas at the inlet of the economizer is DEG C; t (T) w2 The temperature of the outlet water of the economizer is DEG C; t (T) g2 The temperature of the flue gas at the outlet of the economizer is DEG C; t (T) w1 The temperature of inlet water of the economizer is DEG C;
according to the logarithmic average temperature difference calculation result, solving to obtain the overall heat transfer coefficient of the reference working condition economizer;
the calculation formula of the total heat transfer coefficient of the reference working condition economizer is as follows:
wherein: u (U) eco，b The overall heat transfer coefficient of the economizer is the reference working condition, W/m 2 .℃；W w,b The flow rate of working medium in the coal economizer is kg/s; e, e w2 The water enthalpy of the inlet of the economizer is kJ/kg; e, e w1 The water enthalpy of the outlet of the economizer is kJ/kg; a is that t For the heat exchange area of the economizer, m 2 ；
Step 2, calculating to obtain the water side heat transfer coefficient of the economizer according to geometric parameters such as inlet and outlet water side parameters of the economizer of the waste heat boiler under the reference working condition (1) and the diameter of a tube bundle of the economizer; the calculation formula is as follows:
solving the water side heat exchange coefficient of the economizer according to the water side parameters of the reference working condition waste heat boiler economizer and the tube bundle diameter and the tube bundle quantity geometric parameters of the economizer:
wherein: h is a w，b The water side heat exchange coefficient W/m in the economizer with the reference working condition 2 .℃；c pw Specific heat of the water side of the economizer is J/kg. ℃; mu (mu) w Kg/m.s for economizer water side viscosity; k (k) w W/m.degree.C. for the water side thermal conductivity of the economizer; d, d i To save effortThe inner diameter of the tube bundle of the coal device is mm;
step 3, calculating the overall heat transfer coefficient of the flue gas side under the reference working condition (1) according to the overall heat transfer coefficient of the economizer calculated in the step 1 and the water side heat transfer coefficient and the pipe wall heat transfer coefficient of the economizer calculated in the step 2, and neglecting the pipe wall side heat transfer coefficient and the inner and outer dirt coefficients of the pipe; the calculation formula is as follows:
neglecting the heat transfer coefficient at the pipe wall side and the dirt coefficient inside and outside the pipe, the flue gas side heat transfer coefficient of the reference condition economizer is obtained by solving the following steps:
wherein: a is that i The heat exchange area in the heat exchange tube of the economizer;
step 4, starting to calculate the variable working condition, and calculating to obtain the water side heat transfer coefficient of the economizer under the variable working condition (2) by simplifying a formula according to the water quantity in the economizer under the variable working condition (2) and based on the water side heat transfer coefficient of the economizer under the reference working condition (1); the calculation formula is as follows:
according to the water side flow under the variable working condition, the water side heat transfer coefficient under the variable working condition is obtained through calculation by a simplified formula:
step 5, according to the flue gas flow rate passing through the economizer under the variable working condition (2), and based on the overall heat transfer coefficient of the flue gas side under the reference working condition (1), calculating to obtain the heat transfer coefficient of the flue gas side of the economizer under the variable working condition (2) through a simplified formula; the calculation formula is as follows:
according to the flue gas flow under the variable working condition, the flue gas side heat transfer coefficient under the variable working condition is obtained through calculation of a simplified formula:
step 6, calculating to obtain the overall heat transfer coefficient of the economizer under the variable working condition (2) according to the water side heat transfer coefficient of the economizer under the variable working condition (2) obtained by the calculation in the step 4 and the flue gas side heat transfer coefficient of the economizer under the variable working condition (2) obtained by the step 5; the calculation formula is as follows:
and 7, performing thermal calculation of the economizer based on the overall heat transfer coefficient of the economizer, the inlet water temperature and the smoke temperature of the economizer under the variable working condition (2) calculated in the step 6, and performing iterative calculation to obtain the outlet water temperature and the smoke temperature of the economizer.
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