CN107227981B - System and method for cooperatively controlling exhaust back pressure of steam turbine by utilizing LNG cold energy - Google Patents

System and method for cooperatively controlling exhaust back pressure of steam turbine by utilizing LNG cold energy Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107227981B
CN107227981B CN201710411188.2A CN201710411188A CN107227981B CN 107227981 B CN107227981 B CN 107227981B CN 201710411188 A CN201710411188 A CN 201710411188A CN 107227981 B CN107227981 B CN 107227981B
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pipeline
valve
steam turbine
natural gas
water
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CN107227981A (en
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张海珍
阮炯明
周宇昊
郑文广
朱良松
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Huadian Electric Power Research Institute Co Ltd
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Huadian Electric Power Research Institute Co Ltd
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01KSTEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K19/00Regenerating or otherwise treating steam exhausted from steam engine plant
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01KSTEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K7/00Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/10Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating characterised by the engine exhaust pressure
    • F01K7/12Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating characterised by the engine exhaust pressure of condensing type
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01KSTEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K7/00Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/10Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating characterised by the engine exhaust pressure
    • F01K7/12Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating characterised by the engine exhaust pressure of condensing type
    • F01K7/14Control means specially adapted therefor

Abstract

The invention relates to a system and a method for cooperatively controlling exhaust back pressure of a steam turbine by utilizing LNG cold energy, wherein the system comprises a pipeline, a boiler, an evaporator, an air inlet regulating valve, a main steam turbine, a condenser, a water feed pump, a heater, a cooling tower, a circulating water pump, a first valve, a second valve, a water-natural gas heat exchanger, a natural gas source, a booster pump, a third valve, a liquefied natural gas storage tank, a liquefied natural gas source, an exhaust temperature pressure sensor, a condensed water temperature sensor, a circulating water temperature sensor and a control device, wherein the boiler, the evaporator, the air inlet regulating valve, the main steam turbine, the condenser, the water feed pump and the heater are sequentially connected through the pipeline; the first valve, the second valve, the third valve, the exhaust steam temperature and pressure sensor, the condensation water temperature sensor and the circulating water temperature sensor are all connected with the control device.

Description

System and method for cooperatively controlling exhaust back pressure of steam turbine by utilizing LNG cold energy
Technical Field
The invention relates to a system and a method for controlling exhaust back pressure of a steam turbine, in particular to a system and a method for cooperatively controlling the exhaust back pressure of the steam turbine by using LNG cold energy.
Background
The steam turbine is an extremely important energy conversion device in a thermal power plant, the economic performance of a unit is directly influenced by the heat consumption of the steam turbine, and the heat consumption of the steam turbine is greatly influenced by the back pressure of exhaust steam. The traditional turbine exhaust back pressure depends on design parameters of a condenser and a cooling tower, equipment states and environmental factors, wherein the influence of the environmental factors is mainly reflected on the temperature of circulating water, when the steam turbine operates in summer, the operating vacuum degree of the condenser is reduced due to the rise of external environment temperature, the turbine exhaust back pressure is raised, and the heat consumption of a unit is raised.
On the other hand, the currently common liquefied natural gas gasification mode is seawater heating gasification, and the huge cold energy of the liquefied natural gas is not effectively utilized.
In view of the above, the patent document with the publication number CN104533650a discloses a water spray cooling method and system for a low-pressure exhaust cylinder of an air cooling turbine, and the invention discloses a water spray cooling method for a low-pressure exhaust cylinder of an air cooling turbine, when a unit operates in a conventional backpressure state, the temperature of condensed water is lower than the temperature of exhausted steam, the condensed water is used for spraying the exhausted steam in the low-pressure exhaust cylinder; when the temperature of the condensate is higher than the exhaust temperature when the unit operates in a high back pressure state, the exhaust water at the outlet of the lubricating oil cooler is used for cooling the condensate to reduce the temperature of the condensate, and the cooled condensate is used for spraying the exhaust steam in the low-pressure exhaust cylinder.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a system and a method for adjusting the exhaust back pressure of a steam turbine by utilizing LNG cold energy to cooperatively control the temperature of circulating water with reasonable structural design.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the problems is as follows:
the system comprises a pipeline, a boiler, an evaporator, an air inlet regulating valve, a main turbine, a condenser, a water feeding pump, a heater, a first pipeline, a cooling tower, a second pipeline, a circulating water pump, a first valve, a third pipeline, a fourth pipeline, a second valve, a fifth pipeline, a water-natural gas heat exchanger, a sixth pipeline, a natural gas source, a seventh pipeline, a booster pump, a third valve, an eighth pipeline, a liquefied natural gas storage tank, a ninth pipeline, a liquefied natural gas source, a tenth pipeline, an exhaust temperature pressure sensor, a condensation water temperature sensor, a circulating water temperature sensor and a control device, wherein the boiler, the evaporator, the air inlet regulating valve, the main turbine, the condenser, the water feeding pump and the heater are sequentially connected through the pipeline; the condenser is connected with the cooling tower through a first pipeline, the cooling tower is connected with the first valve through a second pipeline, the circulating water pump is arranged on the second pipeline, and the first valve is connected with the condenser through a third pipeline; the second valve is connected with the second pipeline through a fourth pipeline, the water-natural gas heat exchanger is connected with the second valve through a fifth pipeline, the natural gas source is connected with the water-natural gas heat exchanger through a sixth pipeline, the third valve is connected with the water-natural gas heat exchanger through a seventh pipeline, the booster pump is arranged on the seventh pipeline, the liquefied natural gas storage tank is connected with the third valve through an eighth pipeline, the liquefied natural gas source is connected with the liquefied natural gas storage tank through a ninth pipeline, and the water-natural gas heat exchanger is connected with the third pipeline through a tenth pipeline; the first valve, the second valve, the third valve, the exhaust steam temperature and pressure sensor, the condensation water temperature sensor and the circulating water temperature sensor are all connected with the control device.
Furthermore, a spray head is arranged in the cooling tower.
Further, the steam turbine also comprises a motor, and the motor is connected with the main turbine.
Further, another object of the present invention is to provide a method for cooperatively controlling the exhaust back pressure system of a steam turbine by using the cold energy of LNG.
The technical purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme, and the method for cooperatively controlling the steam turbine exhaust back pressure system by utilizing LNG cold energy comprises the following steps:
step 1, firstly, taking the exhaust back pressure of a steam turbine as a target value, and adjusting the temperature of circulating water entering a condenser;
step 2, secondly, the temperature of the circulating water is influenced by two aspects, namely the cooling effect of the cooling tower and the quantity of the circulating water in the water-natural gas heat exchanger, and the temperature of the circulating water entering the condenser is controlled by adjusting the flow of the circulating water entering the water-natural gas heat exchanger;
step 3, monitoring the main temperature point by the control device again, and adjusting the opening degrees of the first valve, the second valve and the third valve according to the temperature values monitored by the exhaust steam temperature pressure sensor, the condensation water temperature sensor and the circulating water temperature sensor, namely the flow of the circulating water entering the water-natural gas heat exchanger and the flow of the liquefied natural gas;
and 4, collecting the finally cooled circulating water and the circulating water in the third pipeline, and then feeding the collected circulating water into a condenser.
Further, the specific operation method of step 3 is as follows:
(1) When the exhaust back pressure of the steam turbine is higher than a set value, closing the first valve, opening the second valve and the third valve, and monitoring the exhaust back pressure and the temperature of condensed water of the steam turbine through an exhaust temperature and pressure sensor until the exhaust back pressure of the steam turbine is restored to the set value and the supercooling degree of the condensed water is in a set range;
(2) When the exhaust back pressure of the steam turbine is lower than a set value, a first large valve is opened, a second small valve and a third small valve are closed, the exhaust back pressure of the steam turbine and the temperature of condensed water are monitored through an exhaust temperature and pressure sensor until the exhaust back pressure of the steam turbine is restored to the set value, and the supercooling degree of the condensed water is within a set range.
Further, the set value is an optimum value.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the influence of the exhaust back pressure of the steam turbine of the thermal power plant on the heat consumption of the steam turbine is huge, the exhaust back pressure is directly influenced by the temperature of circulating water in a condenser, particularly, the temperature of the external environment rises in high-temperature seasons in summer, the temperature of the circulating water rises, the temperature of the circulating water can be reduced to be equal to the temperature of the environment at the lowest point, and the cooling capacity of the condenser is reduced at the moment, so that the exhaust back pressure of the steam turbine rises, the heat consumption rate of the steam turbine rises, and the overall efficiency and the economy of a power plant are reduced.
2. The vacuum degree of the condenser and the exhaust back pressure of the steam turbine are comprehensively controlled by using the circulating water cold quantity and the cold quantity of the LNG cold energy, so that the unit can efficiently operate in summer.
3. The control system is used for regulating the quantity of circulating water entering the cooling tower and the flow of circulating water entering the water-natural gas heat exchanger, so as to comprehensively regulate and control.
4. The LNG cold energy of a common power plant is vaporized by adopting seawater, so that a large amount of LNG cold energy is wasted.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail below by way of examples with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are illustrative of the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
Example (b):
referring to fig. 1, the system for cooperatively controlling the exhaust back pressure of the steam turbine by using the LNG cold energy in the embodiment includes a motor 32, a pipeline 14, a boiler 15, an evaporator 16, an intake regulating valve 17, a main steam turbine 18, a condenser 19, a water feed pump 20, a heater 21, a first pipeline 1, a cooling tower 22, a second pipeline 2, a circulating water pump 23, a first valve 11, a third pipeline 3, a fourth pipeline 4, a second valve 12, a fifth pipeline 5, a water-natural gas heat exchanger 24, a sixth pipeline 6, a natural gas source, a seventh pipeline 7, a booster pump 25, a third valve 13, an eighth pipeline 8, a liquefied natural gas storage tank 26, a ninth pipeline 9, a liquefied natural gas source, a tenth pipeline 10, an exhaust temperature pressure sensor 27, a condensed water temperature sensor 28, a circulating water temperature sensor 29, and a control device 30, the boiler 15, the evaporator 16, the intake regulating valve 17, the main steam turbine 18, the condenser 19, the water feed pump 20, and the heater 21 are connected through the pipeline 14, and the motor 32 is sequentially connected with the main steam turbine 18.
Condenser 19 is connected through No. 1 pipeline with cooling tower 22, and cooling tower 22 is connected through No. 2 pipelines with No. 11 valves, and circulating water pump 23 sets up on No. 2 pipelines, and No. 11 valves are connected through No. 3 pipelines with condenser 19, are equipped with shower nozzle 31 in the cooling tower 22.
No. two valves 12 and No. two pipelines 2 are connected through No. four pipeline 4, no. five pipelines 5 are connected through No. five pipelines with No. two valves 12 to water natural gas heat exchanger 24, natural gas source and water natural gas heat exchanger 24 are connected through No. six pipelines 6, no. three valves 13 and water natural gas heat exchanger 24 are connected through No. seven pipelines 7, booster pump 25 sets up on No. seven pipelines 7, liquefied natural gas storage tank 26 is connected through No. eight pipelines 8 with No. three valves 13, liquefied natural gas source and liquefied natural gas storage tank 26 are connected through No. nine pipelines 9, water natural gas heat exchanger 24 is connected through No. ten pipelines 10 with No. three pipelines 3.
The first valve 11, the second valve 12, the third valve 13, the exhaust steam temperature and pressure sensor 27, the condensation water temperature sensor 28 and the circulating water temperature sensor 29 are all connected with a control device 30.
The method for cooperatively controlling the steam turbine exhaust back pressure system by using the LNG cold energy in the embodiment comprises the following steps:
step 1, firstly, taking the exhaust back pressure of a steam turbine as a target value, and adjusting the temperature of circulating water entering a condenser 19;
step 2, secondly, the temperature of the circulating water is influenced by two aspects, namely the cooling effect of the cooling tower 22 and the quantity of the circulating water in the water-natural gas heat exchanger 24, and the temperature of the circulating water entering the condenser 19 is controlled by adjusting the flow rate of the circulating water entering the water-natural gas heat exchanger 24;
step 3, the control device 30 monitors the main temperature points again, and adjusts the opening degrees of the first valve 11, the second valve 12 and the third valve 13 according to the temperature values monitored by the exhaust steam temperature and pressure sensor 27, the condensation water temperature sensor 28 and the circulating water temperature sensor 29, namely the flow rate of the circulating water entering the water-natural gas heat exchanger 24 and the flow rate of the liquefied natural gas;
and 4, collecting the finally cooled circulating water and the circulating water in the third pipeline 3, and then feeding the collected circulating water into a condenser 19.
The specific operation method of step 3 in this embodiment is as follows:
(1) When the exhaust back pressure of the steam turbine is higher than a set value, closing the first valve, opening the second valve and the third valve, and monitoring the exhaust back pressure and the temperature of condensed water of the steam turbine through an exhaust temperature and pressure sensor until the exhaust back pressure of the steam turbine is restored to the set value and the supercooling degree of the condensed water is in a set range;
(2) When the exhaust back pressure of the steam turbine is lower than a set value, a first large valve is opened, a second small valve and a third small valve are closed, the exhaust back pressure of the steam turbine and the temperature of condensed water are monitored through an exhaust temperature and pressure sensor until the exhaust back pressure of the steam turbine is restored to the set value, and the supercooling degree of the condensed water is within a set range.
The set value in this embodiment is an optimum value.
The optimal value in this embodiment can be accurately determined by those skilled in the art according to actual situations.
In addition, it should be noted that the specific embodiments described in the present specification may be different in the components, the shapes of the components, the names of the components, and the like, and the above description is only an illustration of the structure of the present invention. Equivalent or simple changes in the structure, characteristics and principles of the invention are included in the protection scope of the patent. Various modifications, additions and substitutions for the specific embodiments described may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the accompanying claims.

Claims (3)

1. A method for cooperatively controlling a steam turbine exhaust back pressure system by utilizing LNG cold energy is characterized by comprising the following steps: the system for cooperatively controlling the exhaust back pressure of the steam turbine by utilizing the LNG cold energy comprises a pipeline, a boiler, an evaporator, an air inlet regulating valve, a main steam turbine, a condenser, a water feeding pump, a heater, a first pipeline, a cooling tower, a second pipeline, a circulating water pump, a first valve, a third pipeline, a fourth pipeline, a second valve, a fifth pipeline, a water-natural gas heat exchanger, a sixth pipeline, a natural gas source, a seventh pipeline, a booster pump, a third valve, an eighth pipeline, a liquefied natural gas storage tank, a ninth pipeline, a liquefied natural gas source, a tenth pipeline, an exhaust temperature pressure sensor, a condensation water temperature sensor, a circulating water temperature sensor and a control device, wherein the boiler, the evaporator, the air inlet regulating valve, the main steam turbine, the condenser, the water feeding pump and the heater are sequentially connected through the pipeline; the condenser is connected with the cooling tower through a first pipeline, the cooling tower is connected with the first valve through a second pipeline, the circulating water pump is arranged on the second pipeline, and the first valve is connected with the condenser through a third pipeline; the second valve is connected with the second pipeline through a fourth pipeline, the water-natural gas heat exchanger is connected with the second valve through a fifth pipeline, the natural gas source is connected with the water-natural gas heat exchanger through a sixth pipeline, the third valve is connected with the water-natural gas heat exchanger through a seventh pipeline, the booster pump is arranged on the seventh pipeline, the liquefied natural gas storage tank is connected with the third valve through an eighth pipeline, the liquefied natural gas source is connected with the liquefied natural gas storage tank through a ninth pipeline, and the water-natural gas heat exchanger is connected with the third pipeline through a tenth pipeline; the first valve, the second valve, the third valve, the exhaust steam temperature and pressure sensor, the condensation water temperature sensor and the circulating water temperature sensor are all connected with the control device;
the method for cooperatively controlling the steam turbine exhaust back pressure system by utilizing the LNG cold energy comprises the following steps:
step 1, firstly, taking the exhaust back pressure of a steam turbine as a target value, and adjusting the temperature of circulating water entering a condenser;
step 2, secondly, the temperature of the circulating water is influenced by two aspects, namely the cooling effect of the cooling tower and the quantity of the circulating water in the water-natural gas heat exchanger, and the temperature of the circulating water entering the condenser is controlled by adjusting the flow of the circulating water entering the water-natural gas heat exchanger;
and 3, monitoring the temperature point by the control device again, and adjusting the opening degrees of the first valve, the second valve and the third valve according to the temperature values monitored by the exhaust steam temperature pressure sensor, the condensation water temperature sensor and the circulating water temperature sensor, namely the flow of the circulating water entering the water-natural gas heat exchanger and the flow of the liquefied natural gas, wherein the specific operation method comprises the following steps:
(1) When the exhaust back pressure of the steam turbine is higher than a set value, closing the first valve, opening the second valve and the third valve, and monitoring the exhaust back pressure and the temperature of condensed water of the steam turbine through an exhaust temperature and pressure sensor until the exhaust back pressure of the steam turbine is restored to the set value and the supercooling degree of the condensed water is in a set range;
(2) When the exhaust back pressure of the steam turbine is lower than a set value, opening a first large valve, closing a second small valve and a third small valve, and monitoring the exhaust back pressure and the temperature of condensed water of the steam turbine through an exhaust temperature pressure sensor until the exhaust back pressure of the steam turbine is restored to the set value, wherein the supercooling degree of the condensed water is in a set range;
and 4, collecting the finally cooled circulating water and the circulating water in the third pipeline, and then feeding the collected circulating water into a condenser.
2. The method for cooperatively controlling the steam turbine exhaust back pressure system by using the LNG cold energy according to claim 1, wherein: and a spray head is arranged in the cooling tower.
3. The method for utilizing LNG cold energy to cooperatively control the steam turbine exhaust back pressure system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the steam turbine also comprises a motor, and the motor is connected with the main steam turbine.
CN201710411188.2A 2017-06-05 2017-06-05 System and method for cooperatively controlling exhaust back pressure of steam turbine by utilizing LNG cold energy Active CN107227981B (en)

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CN111927588A (en) * 2020-06-18 2020-11-13 华电电力科学研究院有限公司 Organic Rankine cycle power generation system and method for realizing cascade utilization of waste heat of multi-energy complementary distributed energy system
CN112343714A (en) * 2020-11-23 2021-02-09 西安热工研究院有限公司 System and method for comprehensively utilizing natural gas pressure energy of combined cycle power plant in plant

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CN101967999A (en) * 2010-09-25 2011-02-09 北京联合优发能源技术有限公司 Combined heat and power generation energy saving device using afterheat to supply heat and energy saving method
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