CN112178051A - 自润滑关节轴承 - Google Patents

自润滑关节轴承 Download PDF

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CN112178051A
CN112178051A CN202010972952.5A CN202010972952A CN112178051A CN 112178051 A CN112178051 A CN 112178051A CN 202010972952 A CN202010972952 A CN 202010972952A CN 112178051 A CN112178051 A CN 112178051A
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bearing
self
outer ring
lubricating
fiber
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黄雄荣
朱淋淋
汪伟
韩浩盛
赵成
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Shanghai Bearing Technology Research Institute
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Shanghai Bearing Technology Research Institute
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C23/00—Bearings for exclusively rotary movement adjustable for aligning or positioning
    • F16C23/02—Sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C23/04—Sliding-contact bearings self-adjusting
    • F16C23/043—Sliding-contact bearings self-adjusting with spherical surfaces, e.g. spherical plain bearings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/06—Fibrous reinforcements only
    • B29C70/10—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres
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    • B29C70/22—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length oriented in at least two directions forming a two dimensional structure
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • F16C33/20—Sliding surface consisting mainly of plastics
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    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/20—Sliding surface consisting mainly of plastics
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    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/20—Sliding surface consisting mainly of plastics
    • F16C33/208—Methods of manufacture, e.g. shaping, applying coatings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
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    • F16C2204/00—Metallic materials; Alloys
    • F16C2204/60—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
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    • F16C2206/00—Materials with ceramics, cermets, hard carbon or similar non-metallic hard materials as main constituents
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种自润滑关节轴承，包括轴承外圈、轴承内圈，所述轴承外圈一侧端面上设置有缺口组，缺口组包括两个相对于轴承外圈轴向对称分布的缺口，轴承内圈通过缺口组与轴承外圈进行装配。本发明通过在轴承外圈上设置缺口，轴承内圈通过缺口与轴承外圈进行装配，轴承外圈无需进行挤压装配，装配方便；本发明轴承外圈采用具有自润滑功能的纤维增强树脂非金属复合材料制备,不需要额外添加润滑介质，自润滑性能与织物型衬垫相当，并具备可再加工能力，提高了轴承设计、安装、更换的便利性。

Description

自润滑关节轴承
技术领域
本发明涉及关节轴承技术领域，具体地，涉及一种自润滑关节轴承，尤其是一种轻量化设计的自润滑关节轴承。
背景技术
通常情况下，自润滑关节轴承是由外钢圈、内钢圈，以及粘贴在外钢圈内表面、起到润滑作用的自润滑衬垫组成的，其中自润滑衬垫是织物增强树脂预浸料制成的半固化复合材料制品,外圈刚度通常小于内圈刚度，外圈需要通过挤压变形与内圈进行装配。自润滑关节轴承结构简单，承载能力强，免维护，较好地适应了当前航空工业的发展需要。
航空、航天等工业体系对于零件的定尺配套和互换性要求较高，轴承为标准化通用零件，装配时无需辅助加工和修配。然而对于非标或者定制的轴承产品，更换时成本较高，需要考虑零件加工公差和装配公差设计。因此，具备可进行二次加工的自润滑关节轴承就具有较高的实用性。对于不完全互换性的零件，可以放大制造公差，在装配时根据需要再进行二次加工。
公开号为CN104763738A的专利文献公开了一种自润滑关节轴承，包括外圈、内圈、滚针、自润滑衬垫和中圈组成，所述外圈中设有内圈，所述内圈与所述内圈之间设有中圈，所述中圈与所述内圈之间设有滚针，所述中圈与所述外圈之间设有自润滑衬垫，从而形成由自润滑关节轴承和滚针轴承组合而成的组合关节轴承。该专利文献中结合了自润滑关节轴承和滚针轴承两种轴承的功能，但是该方案结构相对复杂，损坏更换不方便，不能进行二次加工，不适用于零件不能互换的情况。
发明内容
针对现有技术中的缺陷，本发明的目的是提供一种自润滑关节轴承。
根据本发明提供的一种自润滑关节轴承，包括轴承外圈、轴承内圈，所述轴承外圈一侧端面上设置有缺口组，缺口组包括两个相对于轴承外圈轴向对称分布的缺口，轴承内圈通过缺口组与轴承外圈进行装配。
优选地，缺口组中两个缺口之间沿轴承外圈径向的距离大于等于轴承内圈外表面最大直径。
优选地，所述缺口组设置在轴承外圈的内表面。
优选地，所述缺口组为一组或多组，多组缺口组沿着轴承外圈内表面周向均匀分布。
优选地，所述轴承外圈采用具有自润滑功能的纤维增强树脂非金属复合材料制备，纤维采用高性能纤维，树脂采用热固性树脂。
优选地，所述纤维包括如下任一种或任多种：
PTFE纤维、芳纶纤维、聚酯纤维、玻璃纤维。
优选地，所述树脂包括如下任一种或任多种：
酚醛树脂、改性酚醛树脂、环氧树脂、改性环氧树脂、聚酰亚胺。
优选地，所述轴承内圈采用陶瓷材料、纤维增强树脂复合材料或者金属材料。
优选地，所述轴承外圈的制备方法如下：
步骤一：采用经向纤维、纬向纤维编织成二维织物，将二维织物缠绕在辅助芯轴上形成织物骨架；
步骤二：将缠绕二维织物的辅助芯轴放入模具中，在模具中填充树脂经热压制备成纤维增强树脂管材；
步骤三：将制备的纤维增强树脂管材通过车床加工制备成具有缺口组的轴承外圈。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下的有益效果：
1、本发明通过在轴承外圈上设置缺口，轴承内圈通过缺口与轴承外圈进行装配，轴承外圈无需进行挤压装配，装配方便。
2、本发明轴承外圈采用具有自润滑功能的纤维增强树脂非金属复合材料制备,不需要额外添加润滑介质，自润滑性能与织物型衬垫相当，并具备可再加工能力，提高了轴承设计、安装、更换的便利性。
3、本发明轴承外圈采用树脂增强织物型复合材料，其结构强度和承载能力都远高于传统的模塑型材料，其质量相较于传统材料大大降低，满足航空、航天领域对于材料减重和结构强度的要求。
附图说明
通过阅读参照以下附图对非限制性实施例所作的详细描述，本发明的其它特征、目的和优点将会变得更明显：
图1为本发明的剖视结构示意图。
图2为本发明轴承外圈的侧视结构示意图。
图3为图2中沿A-A线的剖视图。
图4为本发明轴承外圈材料结构示意图。
图中示出：
1-轴承外圈，2-轴承内圈，101-缺口，102-树脂，103-经向纤维，104-纬向纤维
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明。以下实施例将有助于本领域的技术人员进一步理解本发明，但不以任何形式限制本发明。应当指出的是，对本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变化和改进。这些都属于本发明的保护范围。
在本申请的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。
根据本发明提供的一种自润滑关节轴承，如图1-4所示，包括轴承外圈1、轴承内圈2，所述轴承外圈1一侧端面上设置有缺口组，缺口组包括两个相对于轴承外圈1轴向对称分布的缺口101，轴承内圈2通过缺口组与轴承外圈1进行装配，无需轴承外圈1挤压进行装配。
所述缺口组中两个缺口101之间沿轴承外圈1径向的距离大于等于轴承内圈2外表面最大直径，优选地，缺口组中两个缺口101之间沿轴承外圈1径向的距离略大于轴承内圈2外表面最大直径，与轴承内圈2匹配。所述缺口组设置在轴承外圈1的内表面。所述缺口组为一组或多组，多组缺口组沿着轴承外圈1内表面周向均匀分布。
所述轴承外圈1采用具有自润滑功能的纤维增强树脂非金属复合材料制备，不需要额外添加润滑介质，如粘贴自润滑衬垫或涂覆油脂等，纤维采用高性能纤维，树脂采用热固性树脂。所述纤维包括如下任一种或任多种：PTFE纤维(聚四氟乙烯纤维)、芳纶纤维、聚酯纤维、玻璃纤维。所述树脂包括如下任一种或任多种：酚醛树脂、改性酚醛树脂、环氧树脂、改性环氧树脂、聚酰亚胺。所述轴承内圈2采用陶瓷材料、纤维增强树脂复合材料或者金属材料，需要结合具体工况选材。
所述轴承外圈1的制备方法如下：
步骤一：采用经向纤维103、纬向纤维104编织成二维织物，将二维织物缠绕在辅助芯轴上形成织物骨架，优选地，所述纤维主要是指由PTFE长丝纤维和其他长丝纤维混编的编织物，沿辅助芯轴缠绕堆叠而成的织物骨架，所述辅助芯轴为圆柱形辅助件；
步骤二：将缠绕二维织物的辅助芯轴放入模具中，在模具中填充树脂102经热压制备成纤维增强树脂管材；
步骤三：将制备的纤维增强树脂管材通过车床加工制备成具有缺口组的轴承外圈1。
本发明为轻量化设计的自润滑关节轴承，结构更加简单，轴承外圈本身具备自润滑功能，无需额外粘贴衬垫，轴承外圈结构强度和承载能力都远高于传统的模塑材料，同型号纤维增强树脂轴承外圈质量仅为金属材料质量的三分之一，满足航空、航天领域对于材料减重和结构强度的要求。同时自润滑性能与织物型衬垫相当，在不满足互换性的情形下，可以进行二次机加工，降低了加工精度要求，提高了轴承设计、安装、更换的便利性。轴承外圈通过普通车床刀具即可加工，大大降低了加工难度。
上面对本发明的基本实施例进行了说明，下面结合基本实施例的优选例和/或变化例对本发明进行更为具体的说明。
实施例1
一种自润滑关节轴承，结构上仅由轴承外圈1、轴承内圈2两部分组成，轴承内圈2通过两个缺口101进行装配，缺口宽度略大于轴承内圈2外表面的宽度(外表面最大直径)。轴承外圈1采用纤维增强树脂非金属复合材料，经车床加工成含缺口外圈零件。其主要组分包括：织物经、纬向均有由40％纤维PTFE纤维和60％聚酯纤维混合丝编织缠绕成基本骨架，内部填充改性环氧树脂。轴承内圈2采用不锈钢G95Cr18，硬度为55～62HRC。进行摆动磨损寿命测试，试验载荷设定为80MPa，摆动角度为±25°，摆动频率为12次/min，进行常温25000次摆动磨损试验，摩擦系数为0.04～0.06，磨损量为0.10mm。
实施例2
一种自润滑关节轴承结构上仅由轴承外圈1、轴承内圈2两部分组成，轴承内圈2通过两个缺口101进行装配，缺口宽度略大于轴承内圈2外表面的宽度(外表面最大直径)。轴承外圈1采用纤维增强树脂非金属复合材料，经车床加工成含缺口外圈零件。其主要组分包括：织物经、纬向均有由20％纤维PTFE纤维和80％芳纶纤维混合丝编织缠绕成基本骨架，内部填充聚酰亚胺树脂。轴承内圈2采用聚醚醚酮树脂PEEK材料制备。进行摆动磨损寿命测试，试验载荷设定为100MPa，摆动角度为±25°，摆动频率为12次/min，进行常温25000次摆动磨损试验，摩擦系数为0.1～0.12，磨损量为0.08mm。
实施例3
一种自润滑关节轴承，结构上仅由轴承外圈1、轴承内圈2两部分组成，轴承内圈2通过两个缺口101进行装配，缺口宽度略大于轴承内圈2外表面的宽度(外表面最大直径)。轴承外圈1采用纤维增强树脂非金属复合材料，经车床加工成含缺口外圈零件。其主要组分包括：织物经、纬向均有由10％纤维PTFE纤维和90％芳纶纤维混合丝编织缠绕成基本骨架，内部填充改性酚醛树脂。轴承内圈1基体采用不锈钢G95Cr18，表面镀氧化铝陶瓷。进行摆动磨损寿命测试，试验载荷设定为150MPa，摆动角度为±25°，摆动频率为12次/min，进行常温25000次摆动磨损试验，摩擦系数为0.06～0.08，磨损量为0.05mm。
以上对本发明的具体实施例进行了描述。需要理解的是，本发明并不局限于上述特定实施方式，本领域技术人员可以在权利要求的范围内做出各种变化或修改，这并不影响本发明的实质内容。在不冲突的情况下，本申请的实施例和实施例中的特征可以任意相互组合。

Claims (9)

1.一种自润滑关节轴承，其特征在于，包括轴承外圈(1)、轴承内圈(2)，所述轴承外圈(1)一侧端面上设置有缺口组，缺口组包括两个相对于轴承外圈(1)轴向对称分布的缺口(101)，轴承内圈(2)通过缺口组与轴承外圈(1)进行装配。
2.根据权利要求1所述的自润滑关节轴承，其特征在于，所述缺口组中两个缺口(101)之间沿轴承外圈(1)径向的距离大于等于轴承内圈(2)外表面最大直径。
3.根据权利要求1所述的自润滑关节轴承，其特征在于，所述缺口组设置在轴承外圈(1)的内表面。
4.根据权利要求1所述的自润滑关节轴承，其特征在于，所述缺口组为一组或多组，多组缺口组沿着轴承外圈(1)内表面周向均匀分布。
5.根据权利要求1所述的自润滑关节轴承，其特征在于，所述轴承外圈(1)采用具有自润滑功能的纤维增强树脂非金属复合材料制备，纤维采用高性能纤维，树脂采用热固性树脂。
6.根据权利要求5所述的自润滑关节轴承，其特征在于，所述纤维包括如下任一种或任多种：
PTFE纤维、芳纶纤维、聚酯纤维、玻璃纤维。
7.根据权利要求5所述的自润滑关节轴承，其特征在于，所述树脂包括如下任一种或任多种：
酚醛树脂、改性酚醛树脂、环氧树脂、改性环氧树脂、聚酰亚胺。
8.根据权利要求1所述的自润滑关节轴承，其特征在于，所述轴承内圈(2)采用陶瓷材料、纤维增强树脂复合材料或者金属材料。
9.根据权利要求1所述的自润滑关节轴承，其特征在于，所述轴承外圈(1)的制备方法如下：
步骤一：采用经向纤维(103)、纬向纤维(104)编织成二维织物，将二维织物缠绕在辅助芯轴上形成织物骨架；
步骤二：将缠绕二维织物的辅助芯轴放入模具中，在模具中填充树脂(102)经热压制备成纤维增强树脂管材；
步骤三：将制备的纤维增强树脂管材通过车床加工制备成具有缺口组的轴承外圈(1)。
CN202010972952.5A 2020-09-16 2020-09-16 自润滑关节轴承 Pending CN112178051A (zh)

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