CN112174785B - 基于四苯基乙烯衍生物的荧光探针、其制备方法及用途 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及荧光光谱分析技术领域内的一种基于四苯基乙烯衍生物的荧光探针、其制备方法及用途,荧光探针为2‑(4‑(2‑(2‑(2‑甲氧基乙氧)乙氧基)乙氧基)苯基)‑1,1,2‑三苯基乙烯、(E)‑1,2‑二(4‑(2‑(2‑(2‑(2‑甲氧基乙氧基)乙氧基)乙氧基)苯基)‑1,2‑二苯乙烯及(Z)‑1,2‑二(4‑(2‑(2‑(2‑(2‑甲氧基乙氧基)乙氧基)乙氧基)苯基)‑1,2‑二苯乙烯中的一种,其合成方法,步骤简单、纯化方便、产物稳定性好。可用于流体粘度的检测,具有较高的灵敏度,良好的光学稳定性以及对粘度的特异性响应。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及本发明属于荧光光谱分析技术,通过合成一种全新的荧光分子,借助它我们实现对液体粘度定性定量的检测分析。
背景技术
1、荧光:当某种常温物质经某种波长的入射光(通常是紫外线或X射线)照射,吸收光能后进入激发态,并且立即退激发并发出比入射光的波长长的出射光(通常波长在可见光波段);很多荧光物质一旦停止入射光,发光现象也随之立即消失。具有这种性质的出射光就被称之为荧光。
2、荧光分析:荧光分析法是指利用某些物质被紫外光照射后处于激发态,激发态分子经历一个碰撞及发射的去激发过程所发生的能反映出该物质特性的荧光,可以进行定性或定量分析的方法。
3、荧光探针:在紫外-可见-近红外区有特征荧光,并且其荧光性质(激发和发射波长、强度、寿命、偏振等)可随所处环境的性质,如极性、折射率、粘度等改变而灵敏地改变的一类荧光性分子。
4、四苯基乙烯(TPE)及其衍生物具有聚集诱导发光特性,其具有优越的化学和光物理学性质有望成为目前有机光电子材料的理想构件。与传统的自猝灭荧光探针不同,基于TPE的染料作为非缔合单体是非发射性的,但会发出强烈的荧光,这种新的聚集诱导发射(AIE)效应被认为是由于分子内旋转(RIR)的限制引起的,该分子内旋转限制了通过非辐射通道的能量消散,从而导致聚集态下的高量子产率。并且某些基于TPE的探针具有良好的细胞相容性,对活细胞没有毒性威胁。
其不足之处在于:目前,粘度的测定有许多方法,如转桶法、落球法、阻尼振动法、杯式粘度计法、毛细管法等等。然而这些测试方法需要进行取样测定,不能做到对流体粘度的实时分析。在众多液体粘度的分析方法中,荧光分析法具有灵敏度高、直观、操作简便、仪器设备成本低廉等优点。但目前对于四苯基乙烯(TPE)及其衍生物的研究尚有很大局限性,众多化合物尚未被研究开发。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种基于四苯基乙烯的衍生物荧光探针,使其可应用于流体粘度的探测,从而做到对流体粘度的动态分析。
为此,本发明提供的一种基于四苯基乙烯的衍生物荧光探针,其结构式为下式中的一种:
其中,式(1)所对应的化合物的化学名:2-(4-(2-(2-(2-甲氧基乙氧)乙氧基)乙氧基)苯基)-1,1,2-三苯基乙烯,简称为C-TPE;
式(2)所对应的化合物的化学名:(E)-1,2-二(4-(2-(2-(2-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)乙氧基)乙氧基)苯基)-1,2-二苯乙烯,简称为E-C2-TPE;
式(3)所对应的化合物的化学名:(Z)-1,2-二(4-(2-(2-(2-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)乙氧基)乙氧基)苯基)-1,2-二苯乙烯,简称为Z-C2-TPE。
式(1)的化合物按如下步骤进行制备:
1)将4-羟基-二苯甲酮与二苯甲酮于无水THF中加热回流反应,此反应为Mcmurry反应,锌粉和四氯化钛为催化剂,反应式如下:
再经分离纯化得4-(1,2,2-三苯基乙烯基)苯酚;
2)将4-(1,2,2-三苯基乙烯基)苯酚与对甲苯磺酸2-[2-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)乙氧基]乙酯于DMF中加热回流反应,反应式如下:
再经分离纯化得C-TPE。
步骤1)中,所述4-羟基-二苯甲酮:二苯甲酮的摩尔比为1:1;反应温度为THF回流温度;反应时间为10-12小时;分离纯化步骤为:K2CO3溶液淬灭,二氯甲烷萃取,无水硫酸镁干燥,过滤,柱色谱[二氧化硅;乙酸乙酯/石油醚;1:1(v/v)]分离得到提纯产物;
步骤2)中,所述4-(1,2,2-三苯基乙烯基)苯酚:对甲苯磺酸2-[2-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)乙氧基]乙酯的摩尔比为1:1.34;反应温度为DMF的回流温度;反应时间为60-72小时;分离纯化步骤为:水淬灭,乙酸乙酯萃取,无水硫酸镁干燥,过滤,柱色谱[二氧化硅;乙酸乙酯/石油醚;1:4(v/v)]分离得到提纯产物。
式(2)、式(3)的化合物按如下步骤进行制备:
1)4-羟基-二苯甲酮溶于无水THF中加热回流反应,分离纯化得1,2-二(4-羟基苯)-1,2-二苯乙烯及1,1-二苯基-2,2-二(4-羟基苯基)乙烯的混合物,此反应为Mcmurry反应,锌粉和四氯化钛为催化剂,反应式如下:
2)1,2-二(4-羟基苯)-1,2-二苯乙烯、1,1-二苯基-2,2-二(4-羟基苯基)乙烯混合物与对甲苯磺酸2-[2-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)乙氧基]乙酯于DMF中加热回流温度反应,分离纯化得E-C2-TPE和Z-C2-TPE;其反应式如下:
步骤1)中,所述反应温度为THF回流温度;反应时间为10-12个小时;分离纯化步骤为:K2CO3溶液淬灭,二氯甲烷萃取,无水硫酸镁干燥,过滤,柱色谱[二氧化硅;乙酸乙酯/石油醚;1:4(v/v)]分离得到提纯产物;
步骤2)中,所述1,2-二(4-羟基苯)-1,2-二苯乙烯和1,1-二苯基-2,2-二(4-羟基苯基)乙烯:对甲苯磺酸2-[2-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)乙氧基]乙酯的摩尔比为1:2.5;反应温度为DMF回流温度;反应时间为60-72小时;分离纯化步骤为:水淬灭,乙酸乙酯萃取,无水硫酸镁干燥,过滤,柱色谱[二氧化硅;乙酸乙酯/石油醚;1:1(v/v)]分离得到提纯产物。
上述荧光探针可应用在检测液体粘度中。
本发明的机理如下:
在探针结构中,四苯乙烯单元为分子转子,“烷氧链”起到了增加探针水溶性的目的。在低粘度体系中,由于转子转动,激发态的能量主要以非辐射的形式损失,导致荧光量子产率下降,探针发出较弱的荧光。在高粘度体系中,由于分子转子的转动受到限制,探针激发态的能量主要以辐射的形式损失,探针发出较强的荧光。随着流体粘度的变化,荧光强度也会随之发生改变,因此可以直观的观察到流体粘度的变化,从而做到对流体粘度的动态分析,例如,可应用于对血液粘度的实时分析。
本发明的荧光探针可以直接加入到流体体系中,随着流体粘度的变化,荧光强度也会随之发生改变,因此可以直观的观察到流体粘度的变化,从而做到对流体粘度的动态分析。本发明具有如下优点:
1、本发明首次合成了三种新的TPE荧光分子团,与以前使用的合成法相比,不需要从头合成,合成步骤少,操作简便,产率可观。
2、符合原子经济和绿色化学的理念,TPE合成简单,稳定性良好,原料价格低廉,并且在细胞毒性实验中可以证明合成的产物对细胞无毒无害,可作为新的血液粘度分析探针。
3、使用荧光滴定法对该分子对液体粘度的感应力进行测试,操作简单,无需添加其他的显色剂,参比溶液,其荧光增强肉眼可见。
附图说明
图1是探针1的1H NMR谱:
图2是探针1的13C NMR谱:
图3是探针2的1H NMR谱:
图4是探针2的13C NMR谱:
图5是探针3的1H NMR谱:
图6是探针3的13C NMR谱:
图7是探针1在不同粘度溶剂中的发射光谱:
图8是探针1在不同粘度溶剂中的荧光强度变化趋势图。
图9是探针2在不同粘度溶剂中的发射光谱:
图10是探针2在不同粘度溶剂中的荧光强度变化趋势图。
图11是探针3在不同粘度溶剂中的发射光谱:
图12是探针3在不同粘度溶剂中的荧光强度变化趋势图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例和附图对本发明做进一步说明,但本发明不受实施例的限制。
实施例1
荧光探针1的合成,按如下步骤进行:
(1)称量3.2g锌粉(48mmol)加入装有50mL无水THF的100mL的耐压瓶中,充氮气保护;然后将混合物冷却至0℃,用注射器缓慢加入2.6mL四氯化钛(12mmol),温度控制在10℃以下,将悬浮混合物加热至室温并搅拌0.5h,然后加热回流2.5h,然后将混合物冷却至0℃,加入0.5mL吡啶(6mmol)并搅拌10分钟,然后称量0.88g二苯甲酮(4.8mmol)和0.81g4-羟基-二苯甲酮(4.8mmol)加入到15mL无水THF中溶解,然后逐滴加入到混合物中,回流10-12小时。然后将反应液加入到25mL 10%K2CO3以淬灭反应,并用二氯甲烷萃取三次,有机层用无水硫酸镁干燥,过滤,体系减压蒸馏旋干有机溶剂,经柱色谱[二氧化硅;乙酸乙酯/石油醚;1:7(v/v)]分离得到提纯产物,4-(1,2,2-三苯基乙烯基)苯酚。其反应式如下:
(2)称量178mg 4-(1,2,2-三苯基乙烯基)苯酚(0.5mmol)、222.86mg对甲苯磺酸2-[2-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)乙氧基]乙酯(0.7mmol)和549.24mg K2CO3(3.98mmol)加入装有2.3mL无水DMF的15mL耐压瓶中,放入160℃油浴锅回流60-72小时,然后将反应液倒入12mL水中,过滤留下滤液,用乙酸乙酯萃取三次,有机层用无水硫酸镁干燥,过滤,体系减压蒸馏旋干有机溶剂,经柱色谱[二氧化硅;乙酸乙酯/石油醚;1:4(v/v)]分离纯化得C-TPE,产物为黄色油状体(136mg,55%)。反应式如下:
探针1的1H NMR谱如图1,探针1的13C NMR谱如图2所示。
实施例2
荧光探针2、3的合成,按如下步骤进行:
(1)称量1g锌粉(15.3mmol)在氮气保护下加入到装有25mL无水THF的耐压瓶中,将混合物冷却到-5℃然后加入用针筒逐滴加入1.1mL TiCl4,在75℃下回流2h,然后称量1.05g 4-羟基-二苯甲酮(5mmol)将其溶解在20mL无水THF当中后缓慢加入到混合物中,在75℃下回流10-12h。然后将反应液加入到15mL 10%K2CO3以淬灭反应,并用二氯甲烷萃取三次,有机层用无水硫酸镁干燥,过滤,体系减压蒸馏旋干有机溶剂,经柱色谱[二氧化硅;乙酸乙酯/石油醚;1:4(v/v)]分离得到提纯产物,1,2-二(4-羟基苯)-1,2-二苯乙烯、1,1-二苯基-2,2-二(4-羟基苯基)乙烯。其反应式如下:
(2)称量178mg 1,2-二(4-羟基苯)-1,2-二苯乙烯、1,1-二苯基-2,2-二(4-羟基苯基)乙烯(0.49mmol)、390.02mg对甲苯磺酸2-[2-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)乙氧基]乙酯(1.23mmol)和609.50mg K2CO3(4.41mmol)加入装有4mL的无水DMF的15mL耐压瓶中,放入160℃油浴锅回流60-72小时,然后将反应液倒入20mL水中,过滤留下滤液,用乙酸乙酯萃取三次,有机层用无水硫酸镁干燥,过滤,体系减压蒸馏旋干有机溶剂,经柱色谱[二氧化硅;乙酸乙酯/石油醚;1:1(v/v)]分离纯化得Z-C2-TPE(83.5mg),E-C2-TPE(86.0mg)产物均为黄色油状体(52.7%)。
探针2的1H NMR谱如图3,探针2的13C NMR谱如图4;
探针3的1H NMR谱如图5,探针3的13C NMR谱如图6。
实施例3
荧光探针在不同粘度体系中发射光谱
配制浓度为10mM实施例1所得荧光探针C-TPE的二甲亚砜(DMSO)的测试母液待用。测试液中,分别取3mL不同比例甘油与乙二醇的溶剂(甘油:乙二醇为10:0、1:9、2:8、3:7、4:6、5:5、6:4、7:3、8:2、9:1),然后加入探针母液(终浓度为10μM),进行荧光扫描(激发波长344nm,检测波段400-600nm),测得各体系中相对荧光强度,如图7所示。由图7可知,随着溶剂粘度的增加,相对荧光强度变强,其460nm处的荧光强度变化趋势,如图8所示。说明荧光探针C-TPE可用于液体粘度快速检测
配制浓度为10mM实施例2所得荧光探针E-C2-TPE的二甲亚砜(DMSO)的测试母液待用。测试液中,分别取3mL不同比例甘油与乙二醇的溶剂(甘油:乙二醇为10:0、1:9、2:8、3:7、4:6、5:5、6:4、7:3、8:2、9:1、10:0),然后加入探针母液(终浓度为10μM),进行荧光扫描(激发波长344nm,检测波段400-600nm),测得各体系中相对荧光强度,如图9所示。由图9可知,随着溶剂粘度的增加,相对荧光强度变强,其488nm处的荧光强度变化趋势,如图10所示。说明荧光探针E-C2-TPE可用于液体粘度快速检测
配制浓度为10mM实施例2所得荧光探针Z-C2-TPE的二甲亚砜(DMSO)的测试母液待用。测试液中,分别取3mL不同比例甘油与乙二醇的溶剂(甘油:乙二醇为10:0、1:9、2:8、3:7、4:6、5:5、6:4、7:3、8:2、9:1、10:0),然后加入探针母液(终浓度为10μM),进行荧光扫描(激发波长344nm,检测波段400-600nm),测得各体系中相对荧光强度,如图11所示。由图11可知,随着溶剂粘度的增加,相对荧光强度变强,其490nm处的荧光强度变化趋势,如图12所示。说明荧光探针Z-C2-TPE可用于液体粘度快速检测。
根据荧光强度与液体粘度的关系图线,在实际的液体粘度的检测中,通过荧光强度可以对应获知液体粘度,实现液体粘度快速检测。
本发明并不局限于上述实施例,在本发明公开的技术方案的基础上,本领域的技术人员根据所公开的技术内容,不需要创造性的劳动就可以对其中的一些技术特征作出一些替换和变形,这些替换和变形均在本发明的保护范围内。
Claims (6)
3.根据权利要求2所述的基于四苯基乙烯衍生物的荧光探针,其特征在于步骤1)中,所述4-羟基-二苯甲酮:二苯甲酮的摩尔比为1:1;反应温度为THF回流温度;反应时间为10-12小时;分离纯化步骤为:K2CO3溶液淬灭,二氯甲烷萃取,无水硫酸镁干燥,过滤,柱色谱[二氧化硅;乙酸乙酯/石油醚;1:1(v/v)]分离得到提纯产物;
步骤2)中,所述4-(1,2,2-三苯基乙烯基)苯酚:对甲苯磺酸2-[2-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)乙氧基]乙酯的摩尔比为1:1.34;反应温度为DMF回流温度;反应时间为60-72小时;分离纯化步骤为:水淬灭,乙酸乙酯萃取,无水硫酸镁干燥,过滤,柱色谱[二氧化硅;乙酸乙酯/石油醚;1:4(v/v)]分离得到提纯产物。
5.根据权利要求4所述的基于四苯基乙烯衍生物的荧光探针,其特征在于
步骤1)中,所述反应温度为THF回流温度;反应时间为10-12个小时;分离纯化步骤为:K2CO3溶液淬灭,二氯甲烷萃取,无水硫酸镁干燥,过滤,柱色谱[二氧化硅;乙酸乙酯/石油醚;1:4(v/v)]分离得到提纯产物;
步骤2)中,所述1,2-二(4-羟基苯)-1,2-二苯乙烯和1,1-二苯基-2,2-二(4-羟基苯基)乙烯:对甲苯磺酸2-[2-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)乙氧基]乙酯的摩尔比为1:2.5;反应温度为DMF回流温度;反应时间为60-72小时;分离纯化步骤为:水淬灭,乙酸乙酯萃取,无水硫酸镁干燥,过滤,柱色谱[二氧化硅;乙酸乙酯/石油醚;1:1(v/v)]分离得到提纯产物。
6.根据权利要求1所述的基于四苯基乙烯衍生物的荧光探针的用途,其特征在于:所述荧光探针应用在检测液体粘度中。
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