CN112169772A - 具有吸附甲醛以及持续释放负离子作用的预制砖块及其制备方法 - Google Patents
具有吸附甲醛以及持续释放负离子作用的预制砖块及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN112169772A CN112169772A CN202010990482.5A CN202010990482A CN112169772A CN 112169772 A CN112169772 A CN 112169772A CN 202010990482 A CN202010990482 A CN 202010990482A CN 112169772 A CN112169772 A CN 112169772A
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Abstract
本发明涉及车内空气净化领域,提供具有吸附甲醛以及持续释放负离子作用的预制砖块及其制备方法,用于解决车内空气污染问题。本发明提供的具有吸附甲醛以及持续释放负离子作用的预制砖块,包括:粗刚玉25~30%,细刚玉40~50%,氧化铝细粉8~15%,氧化铝微粉8~12%,蒲草纤维2~4%,糊精1~3%,负离子粉1~5%。可以持续的吸附净化甲醛等车内污染物,提高车内空气质量。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及车内空气净化领域,具体涉及具有吸附甲醛以及持续释放负离子作用的预制砖块及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着人们的生活条件提高,汽车成为人们日常生活中常用的交通工具,人们通常会在汽车内安装汽车坐垫、脚垫或者其他车内装饰物件,传统的车内装饰材料通常会释放一些有害微量气体,如甲醛、氨、苯和人体产生的异味等漂浮在车内,车内空气受到污染,影响驾驶人员和乘坐人员呼吸,长期以往有害气体 会侵害人体健康,存在极大的安全隐患。
发明内容
本发明解决的技术问题为车内空气污染问题,提供具有吸附甲醛以及持续释放负离子作用的预制砖块及其制备方法。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明提供的技术方案为:
具有吸附甲醛以及持续释放负离子作用的预制砖块,包括:粗刚玉25~30%,细刚玉40~50%,氧化铝细粉8~15%,氧化铝微粉8~12%,蒲草纤维2~4%,糊精1~3%,负离子粉1~5%;
所述粗刚玉的粒度为0.5~1mm,所述细刚玉的粒度为0.3~0.5mm,所述氧化铝细粉的粒度为0.02~0.05mm,所述氧化铝微粉的粒度为0.01~0.02mm。
刚玉的主要成分是氧化铝,可以为作为空气净化的基材,加入的蒲草纤维和糊精结合可以在砖块内形成微孔,从而提高吸附效率,负离子粉的加入,可以将吸附的污染物质净化。
可以持续的吸附净化甲醛等车内污染物,提高车内空气质量。
优选地,包括:粗刚玉27~30%,细刚玉46~50%,氧化铝细粉10~15%,氧化铝微粉10~12%,蒲草纤维3~4%,糊精1.5~3%,负离子粉1.5~5%。
优选地,包括:粗刚玉27%,细刚玉46%,氧化铝细粉10%,氧化铝微粉10%,蒲草纤维3%,糊精1.5%,负离子粉1.5%。
优选地,所述蒲草纤维的制备方法为:
将蒲草原料剪切成约20mm的蒲草碎料,测定碎料的初始含水率,加入水,混合均匀,密封浸润12h;
将浸润后的蒲草碎料加入螺杆式连续闪爆机中,进行6~9次闪爆处理;
将闪爆处理后的物料放入烘箱中80℃干燥10h,得到蒲草纤维。蒲草原料不能直接作为微孔成型剂,需要处理后得到的纤维才能作为微孔成型剂。
优选地,测定碎料的初始含水率后,根据蒲草碎料的湿重获取蒲草碎料的干重,根据蒲草碎料的干重获取将蒲草碎料的含水率调整至40~60%所需的水量,加入所需水量的水,混合均匀。
优选地,每次所述闪爆处理前控制蒲草碎料的含水率不低于40%,若低于40%,将蒲草碎料取出,加水混合均匀后,浸润,至蒲草碎料的含水率提高到40%以上。对闪爆次数和闪爆过程中的含水率进行控制,可以改善蒲草纤维的成孔性能,提高预制砖内微孔的数量,扩大车内空气同预制砖的接触面积。
优选地,所述负离子粉包括:电气石7~15%,珊瑚化石8~10%,蛋白石25~35%,蛇纹石1~5%,奇冰石0.5~2%,北投石2~3%,锆英石1~5%,硅藻土20~30%,刚玉2~5%。
优选地,所述电气石为改性电气石,所述改性电气石的制备方法为:
取氧化石墨烯,加入到水醇溶液中,超声分散2h,得到石墨烯悬浮液,石墨烯的质量分数为0.05~0.1%;
将电气石粉体加入石墨烯悬浮液中,加热搅拌同时冷凝回流2h,电气石粉体同石墨烯的质量比为3~5:1;
加入二硫化二钠,加入等体积的2mol/L的甲酸溶液,20min滴完同时搅拌2h,二硫化二钠与石墨烯的质量比为15~20:1;
加入水合肼,反应24h,水合肼同石墨烯的质量比为0.5~1:1;过滤、烘干、研磨既得改性电气石。采用石墨烯对电气石进行改性,可以有效地提高负离子释放效果。
优选地,所述石墨烯的质量分数为0.06%,所述电气石粉体同石墨烯的质量比为4:1,所述二硫化二钠与石墨烯的质量比为16:1,所述水合肼同石墨烯的质量比为0.6:1。
具有吸附甲醛以及持续释放负离子作用的预制砖块的制备方法,包括:
S10. 将粗刚玉、细刚玉、氧化铝细粉、氧化铝微粉混合均匀后,加入负离子粉共同球磨,加入分散好的蒲草纤维,混合均匀,再加入糊精混合均匀;
S20.放入模具中,压制成型,300~400℃下烘烤12h,1300~1500℃下烧成8h,得到预制砖。
优选地,烧成后,涂覆保护涂料,所述保护涂料的制备方法为:
取所述改性电气石粉15%,辣木籽油24%,亚麻油36%,灵芝提取液5%,生桐油10%,硅烷10%;
将辣木籽油、亚麻油、生桐油混合后搅拌均匀,加热至200℃,加入硅烷继续搅拌均匀;
加入改性电气石粉,超声分散,得到保护涂料。
将烧成后的半成品浸入保护涂料,静置5min,100℃干燥8h,得到预制砖块。
发明人在汽车内空气治理领域投入了大量的精力,传统的在车内涂覆材料,或者采用脚垫、座垫等方式虽说可以在一定程度上降低车内的甲醛含量,但是这部分市场已经较为承受,在净化效果上作出的提升难以创造新的市场价值。
发明人偶然发现混凝土预制砖可以制造出不同形状的产品,在检索现有技术后,更是发现预制砖或者砖块的形式多种多样,如果减少预制砖块的体积,选用一定的材料,若能产生特定外观效果,将开拓新的市场。
为此,发明人投入了一定的研发资源,采用铝矿石为基础材料,原因在于铝合金可以形成一定的质感,有利于开发市场。
发明人在现有技术的基础上,通过掺入负离子粉,来提高甲醛的净化效果,但是发现净化效果有限,主要是砖块同空气的接触面积过小,只有表面同空气接触。因此发明人尝试对砖块内部进行改造,通过加入微孔成型剂,发现可以大幅提高砖块同空气的接触面积,从而可以有效提高净化效果。
发明人采用羊毛、木质素纤维等作为微孔成型剂,但是发现净化效果同现有的涂覆材料差别不大,因此为了进一步提高净化效果,发明人进行了大量实验,发现采用一定次数闪爆处理的蒲草纤维可以有效提高净化效果,因此选定蒲草纤维为主要的微孔成型剂。
发明人进而对负离子粉进行优化,以筛选出可以适应在预制砖块中净化空气的负离子粉,经过大量实验发现,采用石墨烯对电气石粉进行改性后可以提高净化效果,但是仅通过石墨烯改善整个粉体的分散性并不能显著的改善负离子的释放量或者净化效果。
发明人在多次试验后发现,砖块表面易受到污染,导致整个砖块同空气的接触面积大幅下降,净化效果也难以保障。为此发明人对预制砖块的表明进行了处理,以降低其表面被颗粒等污染物污染的可能。在这个过程中,发明人发现本申请中的改性电气石同其他物质结合后可以有效的防止表面被污染。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有的有益效果为:可以持续的吸附净化甲醛等车内污染物,提高车内空气质量。
采用不同粒径的氧化铝、蒲草纤维、负离子粉的联用,提供了一种新式的车内空气净化产品,可以有效的降低车内空气中甲醛的含量,同时可以长效的释放负离子。
具体实施方式
以下实施例是对本发明的进一步说明,不是对本发明的限制。
以下实施例中:刚玉及氧化铝粉购自安迈铝业有限公司;氧化石墨烯购自深圳市中森领航科技有限公司的单层氧化石墨烯;刚玉、氧化铝粉、氧化石墨烯的来源不是对本发明的限制。
实施例1
具有吸附甲醛以及持续释放负离子作用的预制砖块,包括:粗刚玉270g,细刚玉460g,氧化铝细粉100g,氧化铝微粉100g,蒲草纤维30g,糊精15g,负离子粉25g;
所述粗刚玉的粒度为0.5~1mm,所述细刚玉的粒度为0.3~0.5mm,所述氧化铝细粉的粒度为0.02~0.05mm,所述氧化铝微粉的粒度为0.01~0.02mm。
所述蒲草纤维的制备方法为:
将蒲草原料剪切成约20mm的蒲草碎料,测定碎料的初始含水率,加入11g水,混合均匀,密封浸润12h;测定碎料的初始含水率后,根据蒲草碎料的湿重获取蒲草碎料的干重27.3g,根据蒲草碎料的干重获取将蒲草碎料的含水率调整至5%所需的水量24.6g,混合均匀;
将浸润后的蒲草碎料加入螺杆式连续闪爆机中,进行7次闪爆处理;每次所述闪爆处理前控制蒲草碎料的含水率不低于40%,若低于40%,将蒲草碎料取出,加水混合均匀后,浸润,至蒲草碎料的含水率提高到40%以上
将闪爆处理后的物料放入烘箱中80℃干燥10h,得到蒲草纤维。所述负离子粉包括:电气石1.95g,珊瑚化石1.35g,蛋白石4.95g,蛇纹石0.675g,奇冰石0.225g,北投石0.375g,锆英石0.675g,硅藻土4.2g,刚玉0.6g。
所述电气石为改性电气石,所述改性电气石的制备方法为:
取氧化石墨烯0.6g,加入到水醇溶液1000g中,超声分散2h,得到石墨烯悬浮液;
将电气石粉体2.4g加入石墨烯悬浮液中,加热搅拌同时冷凝回流2h;
加入二硫化二钠9.6g,加入等体积的2mol/L的甲酸溶液,20min滴完同时搅拌2h;
加入水合肼0.36g,反应24h,水;过滤、烘干、研磨既得改性电气石。
本实施例中预制砖块的制备方法包括:
S10. 将粗刚玉、细刚玉、氧化铝细粉、氧化铝微粉混合均匀后,加入负离子粉共同球磨,加入分散好的蒲草纤维,混合均匀,再加入糊精混合均匀;蒲草纤维同50g10%的羟乙基纤维素水溶液混合以实现分散;
S20.放入模具中,压制成型,350℃下烘烤12h,1400℃下烧成8h,得到砖坯。
刚玉的主要成分是氧化铝,可以为作为空气净化的基材,加入的蒲草纤维和糊精结合可以在砖块内形成微孔,从而提高吸附效率,负离子粉的加入,可以将吸附的污染物质净化。可以持续的吸附净化甲醛等车内污染物,提高车内空气质量。蒲草原料不能直接作为微孔成型剂,需要处理后得到的纤维才能作为微孔成型剂。对闪爆次数和闪爆过程中的含水率进行控制,可以改善蒲草纤维的成孔性能,提高预制砖内微孔的数量,扩大车内空气同预制砖的接触面积。采用石墨烯对电气石进行改性,可以有效地提高负离子释放效果。
实施例2
具有吸附甲醛以及持续释放负离子作用的预制砖块, 包括:粗刚玉250g,细刚玉500g,氧化铝细粉80g,氧化铝微粉120g,蒲草纤维20g,糊精10g,负离子粉20g;
所述粗刚玉的粒度为0.5~1mm,所述细刚玉的粒度为0.3~0.5mm,所述氧化铝细粉的粒度为0.02~0.05mm,所述氧化铝微粉的粒度为0.01~0.02mm。所述蒲草纤维的制备方法为:
将蒲草原料剪切成约20mm的蒲草碎料,测定碎料的初始含水率,加入11g水,混合均匀,密封浸润12h;测定碎料的初始含水率后,根据蒲草碎料的湿重获取蒲草碎料的干重27.3g,根据蒲草碎料的干重获取将蒲草碎料的含水率调整至5%所需的水量24.6g,混合均匀;
将浸润后的蒲草碎料加入螺杆式连续闪爆机中,进行7次闪爆处理;每次所述闪爆处理前控制蒲草碎料的含水率不低于40%,若低于40%,将蒲草碎料取出,加水混合均匀后,浸润,至蒲草碎料的含水率提高到40%以上
将闪爆处理后的物料放入烘箱中80℃干燥10h,得到蒲草纤维。所述负离子粉包括:电气石1.95g,珊瑚化石1.35g,蛋白石4.95g,蛇纹石0.675g,奇冰石0.225g,北投石0.375g,锆英石0.675g,硅藻土4.2g,刚玉0.6g。
所述电气石为改性电气石,所述改性电气石的制备方法为:
取氧化石墨烯0.6g,加入到水醇溶液1000g中,超声分散2h,得到石墨烯悬浮液;
将电气石粉体2.4g加入石墨烯悬浮液中,加热搅拌同时冷凝回流2h;
加入二硫化二钠9.6g,加入等体积的2mol/L的甲酸溶液,20min滴完同时搅拌2h;
加入水合肼0.36g,反应24h,水;过滤、烘干、研磨既得改性电气石。
本实施例中预制砖块的制备方法包括:
S10. 将粗刚玉、细刚玉、氧化铝细粉、氧化铝微粉混合均匀后,加入负离子粉共同球磨,加入分散好的蒲草纤维,混合均匀,再加入糊精混合均匀;蒲草纤维同50g10%的羟乙基纤维素水溶液混合以实现分散
S20.放入模具中,压制成型,350℃下烘烤12h,1400℃下烧成8h,得到砖坯。
测定碎料的初始含水率后,根据蒲草碎料的湿重获取蒲草碎料的干重,根据蒲草碎料的干重获取将蒲草碎料的含水率调整至40~60%所需的水量,加入所需水量的水,混合均匀。每次所述闪爆处理前控制蒲草碎料的含水率不低于40%,若低于40%,将蒲草碎料取出,加水混合均匀后,浸润,至蒲草碎料的含水率提高到40%以上。所述负离子粉包括:电气石7~15%,珊瑚化石8~10%,蛋白石25~35%,蛇纹石1~5%,奇冰石0.5~2%,北投石2~3%,锆英石1~5%,硅藻土20~30%,刚玉2~5%。所述电气石为改性电气石,所述改性电气石的制备方法为:
取氧化石墨烯,加入到水醇溶液中,超声分散2h,得到石墨烯悬浮液,石墨烯的质量分数为0.05~0.1%;
将电气石粉体加入石墨烯悬浮液中,加热搅拌同时冷凝回流2h,电气石粉体同石墨烯的质量比为3~5:1;
加入二硫化二钠,加入等体积的2mol/L的甲酸溶液,20min滴完同时搅拌2h,二硫化二钠与石墨烯的质量比为15~20:1;
加入水合肼,反应24h,水合肼同石墨烯的质量比为0.5~1:1;过滤、烘干、研磨既得改性电气石。所述石墨烯的质量分数为0.06%,所述电气石粉体同石墨烯的质量比为4:1,所述二硫化二钠与石墨烯的质量比为16:1,所述水合肼同石墨烯的质量比为0.6:1。
实施例3
具有吸附甲醛以及持续释放负离子作用的预制砖块,包括:粗刚玉300g,细刚玉400g,氧化铝细粉150g,氧化铝微粉80g,蒲草纤维40g,糊精10g,负离子粉20g;
所述粗刚玉的粒度为0.5~1mm,所述细刚玉的粒度为0.3~0.5mm,所述氧化铝细粉的粒度为0.02~0.05mm,所述氧化铝微粉的粒度为0.01~0.02mm。所述蒲草纤维的制备方法为:
将蒲草原料剪切成约20mm的蒲草碎料,测定碎料的初始含水率,加入11g水,混合均匀,密封浸润12h;测定碎料的初始含水率后,根据蒲草碎料的湿重获取蒲草碎料的干重27.3g,根据蒲草碎料的干重获取将蒲草碎料的含水率调整至5%所需的水量24.6g,混合均匀;
将浸润后的蒲草碎料加入螺杆式连续闪爆机中,进行7次闪爆处理;每次所述闪爆处理前控制蒲草碎料的含水率不低于40%,若低于40%,将蒲草碎料取出,加水混合均匀后,浸润,至蒲草碎料的含水率提高到40%以上
将闪爆处理后的物料放入烘箱中80℃干燥10h,得到蒲草纤维。所述负离子粉包括:电气石1.95g,珊瑚化石1.35g,蛋白石4.95g,蛇纹石0.675g,奇冰石0.225g,北投石0.375g,锆英石0.675g,硅藻土4.2g,刚玉0.6g。
所述电气石为改性电气石,所述改性电气石的制备方法为:
取氧化石墨烯0.6g,加入到水醇溶液1000g中,超声分散2h,得到石墨烯悬浮液;
将电气石粉体2.4g加入石墨烯悬浮液中,加热搅拌同时冷凝回流2h;
加入二硫化二钠9.6g,加入等体积的2mol/L的甲酸溶液,20min滴完同时搅拌2h;
加入水合肼0.36g,反应24h,水;过滤、烘干、研磨既得改性电气石。
本实施例中预制砖块的制备方法包括:
S10. 将粗刚玉、细刚玉、氧化铝细粉、氧化铝微粉混合均匀后,加入负离子粉共同球磨,加入分散好的蒲草纤维,混合均匀,再加入糊精混合均匀;蒲草纤维同50g10%的羟乙基纤维素水溶液混合以实现分散
S20.放入模具中,压制成型,350℃下烘烤12h,1400℃下烧成8h,得到砖坯。
实施例4
具有吸附甲醛以及持续释放负离子作用的预制砖块,包括:粗刚玉270g,细刚玉460g,氧化铝细粉100g,氧化铝微粉100g,蒲草纤维30g,糊精15g,负离子粉25g;
所述粗刚玉的粒度为0.5~1mm,所述细刚玉的粒度为0.3~0.5mm,所述氧化铝细粉的粒度为0.02~0.05mm,所述氧化铝微粉的粒度为0.01~0.02mm。
所述蒲草纤维的制备方法为:
将蒲草原料剪切成约20mm的蒲草碎料,测定碎料的初始含水率,加入11g水,混合均匀,密封浸润12h;测定碎料的初始含水率后,根据蒲草碎料的湿重获取蒲草碎料的干重27.3g,根据蒲草碎料的干重获取将蒲草碎料的含水率调整至5%所需的水量24.6g,混合均匀;
将浸润后的蒲草碎料加入螺杆式连续闪爆机中,进行7次闪爆处理;每次所述闪爆处理前控制蒲草碎料的含水率不低于40%,若低于40%,将蒲草碎料取出,加水混合均匀后,浸润,至蒲草碎料的含水率提高到40%以上
将闪爆处理后的物料放入烘箱中80℃干燥10h,得到蒲草纤维。所述负离子粉包括:电气石1.95g,珊瑚化石1.35g,蛋白石4.95g,蛇纹石0.675g,奇冰石0.225g,北投石0.375g,锆英石0.675g,硅藻土4.2g,刚玉0.6g。
所述电气石为改性电气石,所述改性电气石的制备方法为:
取氧化石墨烯0.6g,加入到水醇溶液1000g中,超声分散2h,得到石墨烯悬浮液;
将电气石粉体2.4g加入石墨烯悬浮液中,加热搅拌同时冷凝回流2h;
加入二硫化二钠9.6g,加入等体积的2mol/L的甲酸溶液,20min滴完同时搅拌2h;
加入水合肼0.36g,反应24h,水;过滤、烘干、研磨既得改性电气石。
本实施例中预制砖块的制备方法包括:
S10. 将粗刚玉、细刚玉、氧化铝细粉、氧化铝微粉混合均匀后,加入负离子粉共同球磨,加入分散好的蒲草纤维,混合均匀,再加入糊精混合均匀;蒲草纤维同50g10%的羟乙基纤维素水溶液混合以实现分散;
S20.放入模具中,压制成型,350℃下烘烤12h,1400℃下烧成8h,烧成后,涂覆保护涂料,所述保护涂料的制备方法为:
取所述改性电气石粉15%,辣木籽油24%,灵芝提取液5%,亚麻油36%,生桐油10%,硅烷10%;灵芝提取液为林芝的水提液,取灵芝,打碎,加入30倍量的水浸提24h,后减压浓缩至浓度为0.1g/ml。
将辣木籽油、亚麻油、生桐油混合后搅拌均匀,加热至200℃,加入硅烷KH-570继续搅拌均匀;
加入改性电气石粉,超声分散,得到保护涂料。
将烧成后的半成品浸入保护涂料,静置5min,100℃干燥8h,得到预制砖块。
实施例5
实施例5同实施例1不同之处在于,所述蒲草原料经过3次闪爆处理。
实施例6
实施例6同实施例1不同之处在于,所述蒲草原料经过12次闪爆处理。
实施例7
实施例7同实施例1不同之处在于,所述电气石为普通电气石。
实施例8
实施例8同实施例1不同之处在于,所述负离子粉包括:电气石1.56g,石墨烯0.39g,珊瑚化石1.35g,蛋白石4.95g,蛇纹石0.675g,奇冰石0.225g,北投石0.375g,锆英石0.675g,硅藻土4.2g,刚玉0.6g。电气石为普通电气石。
实施例9
实施例9同实施例1不同之处在于,所述闪爆处理过程中不检测蒲草纤维的含水率,也不控制蒲草纤维的含水率。
实施例10
实施例10同实施例1不同之处在于,所述闪爆处理过程中控制含水率不低于30%。
对比例1
具有吸附甲醛以及持续释放负离子作用的预制砖块,包括:粗刚玉930g,蒲草纤维30g,糊精15g,负离子粉25g。其余同实施例1。
对比例2
具有吸附甲醛以及持续释放负离子作用的预制砖块,包括:细刚玉930g,蒲草纤维30g,糊精15g,负离子粉25g。其余同实施例1。
对比例3
具有吸附甲醛以及持续释放负离子作用的预制砖块,包括:氧化铝微粉930g,蒲草纤维30g,糊精15g,负离子粉25g。其余同实施例1。
对比例4
具有吸附甲醛以及持续释放负离子作用的预制砖块,包括:氧化铝细粉930g,蒲草纤维30g,糊精15g,负离子粉25g。其余同实施例1。
对比例5
对比例5同实施例1不同之处在于,包括:粗刚玉270g,细刚玉460g,氧化铝细粉100g,氧化铝微粉100g,木质素纤维30g,糊精15g,负离子粉25g。其他同实施例1。
实验例
对实施例及对比例中得到的除汽车内空气中甲醛、异味材料进行甲醛、甲醛净化效果持久性检测,并参照检测依据标准JC/T 1074-2008《室内空气净化功能涂覆材料净化性能》。
试验条件:样品量200g,样品为1cm3的立方体,均匀分布在仓体内,温度(20±2)℃,相对湿度(50±10)%,开灯时间: 48h。检测结果如下表所示。
负离子发生量检测,检测依据标准JC/T 1016-2006《材料负离子 发生量的测试方法》。
测试方法是将500g样品放置于0.25m2的密闭仓中,样品为1cm3的立方体,密闭24h,用美国产空气负离子测试仪(Air Ion Counter)。检测结果如下表所示。
表 1 预制砖块净化效果
从表1可知,实施例1~4的效果较好,实施例4采用保护涂料后效果较为明显。实施例5和6中的蒲草纤维的闪爆处理次数同实施例~4有较大的差别,其净化效果较差,负离子产生量也较差,这是由于闪爆处理不足或者过分闪爆处理,都会导致纤维含量不足或损失,进而预制砖块内无法形成足够的微孔,导致无法预制砖块内部气孔的数量大幅减少,同仓内气体的接触面积大幅降低,吸附和净化效果均下降,尤其是净化持久性下降幅度较大。
实施例7和8中的负离子粉的成分同实施例1~4有差别,但持久性下降不大。负离子粉可以起到净化甲醛的作用,经过优化的配方更适合快速的降低甲醛的浓度。
对比例1~4的主要成分同本申请不同,效果较差,主要是由于没有不同粒径的氧化铝粉来形成微孔,无法增大同仓内空气的接触面积。
对比例5采用木质素纤维作为微孔成型助剂,木质素纤维可以辅助形成气孔,但其提高预制砖块同空气接触面积的效果不如多次闪爆处理后的蒲草纤维。
上列详细说明是针对本发明可行实施例的具体说明,以上实施例并非用以限制本发明的专利范围,凡未脱离本发明所为的等效实施或变更,均应包含于本案的专利范围中。
Claims (10)
1.具有吸附甲醛以及持续释放负离子作用的预制砖块,其特征在于,包括:粗刚玉25~30%,细刚玉40~50%,氧化铝细粉8~15%,氧化铝微粉8~12%,蒲草纤维2~4%,糊精1~3%,负离子粉1~5%;
所述粗刚玉的粒度为0.5~1mm,所述细刚玉的粒度为0.3~0.5mm,所述氧化铝细粉的粒度为0.02~0.05mm,所述氧化铝微粉的粒度为0.01~0.02mm。
2.根据权利要求1所述的具有吸附甲醛以及持续释放负离子作用的预制砖块,其特征在于,包括:粗刚玉27~30%,细刚玉46~50%,氧化铝细粉10~15%,氧化铝微粉10~12%,蒲草纤维3~4%,糊精1.5~3%,负离子粉1.5~5%。
3.根据权利要求2所述的具有吸附甲醛以及持续释放负离子作用的预制砖块,其特征在于,包括:粗刚玉27%,细刚玉46%,氧化铝细粉10%,氧化铝微粉10%,蒲草纤维3%,糊精1.5%,负离子粉1.5%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的具有吸附甲醛以及持续释放负离子作用的预制砖块,其特征在于,所述蒲草纤维的制备方法为:
将蒲草原料剪切成约20mm的蒲草碎料,测定碎料的初始含水率,加入水,混合均匀,密封浸润12h;
将浸润后的蒲草碎料加入螺杆式连续闪爆机中,进行6~9次闪爆处理;
将闪爆处理后的物料放入烘箱中80℃干燥10h,得到蒲草纤维。
5.根据权利要求1所述的具有吸附甲醛以及持续释放负离子作用的预制砖块,其特征在于,测定碎料的初始含水率后,根据蒲草碎料的湿重获取蒲草碎料的干重,根据蒲草碎料的干重获取将蒲草碎料的含水率调整至40~60%所需的水量,加入所需水量的水,混合均匀。
6.根据权利要求1所述的具有吸附甲醛以及持续释放负离子作用的预制砖块,其特征在于,每次所述闪爆处理前控制蒲草碎料的含水率不低于40%,若低于40%,将蒲草碎料取出,加水混合均匀后,浸润,至蒲草碎料的含水率提高到40%以上。
7.根据权利要求1所述的具有吸附甲醛以及持续释放负离子作用的预制砖块,其特征在于,所述负离子粉包括:电气石7~15%,珊瑚化石8~10%,蛋白石25~35%,蛇纹石1~5%,奇冰石0.5~2%,北投石2~3%,锆英石1~5%,硅藻土20~30%,刚玉2~5%。
8.根据权利要求1所述的具有吸附甲醛以及持续释放负离子作用的预制砖块,其特征在于,所述电气石为改性电气石,所述改性电气石的制备方法为:
取氧化石墨烯,加入到水醇溶液中,超声分散2h,得到石墨烯悬浮液,石墨烯的质量分数为0.05~0.1%;
将电气石粉体加入石墨烯悬浮液中,加热搅拌同时冷凝回流2h,电气石粉体同石墨烯的质量比为3~5:1;
加入二硫化二钠,加入等体积的2mol/L的甲酸溶液,20min滴完同时搅拌2h,二硫化二钠与石墨烯的质量比为15~20:1;
加入水合肼,反应24h,水合肼同石墨烯的质量比为0.5~1:1;过滤、烘干、研磨既得改性电气石。
9.根据权利要求1所述的具有吸附甲醛以及持续释放负离子作用的预制砖块,其特征在于,所述石墨烯的质量分数为0.06%,所述电气石粉体同石墨烯的质量比为4:1,所述二硫化二钠与石墨烯的质量比为16:1,所述水合肼同石墨烯的质量比为0.6:1。
10.具有吸附甲醛以及持续释放负离子作用的预制砖块的制备方法,其特征在于,包括:
S10. 将粗刚玉、细刚玉、氧化铝细粉、氧化铝微粉混合均匀后,加入负离子粉共同球磨,加入分散好的蒲草纤维,混合均匀,再加入糊精混合均匀;
S20.放入模具中,压制成型,300~400℃下烘烤12h,1300~1500℃下烧成8h,得到预制砖。
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