CN112167434A - Preparation method of fermented feed raw material - Google Patents
Preparation method of fermented feed raw material Download PDFInfo
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- CN112167434A CN112167434A CN202011097972.9A CN202011097972A CN112167434A CN 112167434 A CN112167434 A CN 112167434A CN 202011097972 A CN202011097972 A CN 202011097972A CN 112167434 A CN112167434 A CN 112167434A
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- fermented feed
- fermented
- fermentation
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
- A23L5/20—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification
- A23L5/27—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification by chemical treatment, by adsorption or by absorption
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Abstract
The invention provides a preparation method of a fermented feed raw material, which comprises the following steps: s1: culturing Aspergillus niger, Bacillus subtilis and fermented glutinous rice yeast strains and diluting for later use; s2: pretreating the fermentation raw materials, and mixing the composite bacteriostatic agent; s3: inoculating aspergillus niger strains into the treated fermentation raw materials for the first-stage fermentation; s4: inoculating bacillus subtilis and fermented glutinous rice yeast strains into the fermentation raw materials fermented in the first stage, and fermenting in the second stage until the standard is reached. The invention can avoid using a drying method to treat the wet fermented feed raw material to achieve lower moisture and avoid the propagation of mixed bacteria, thereby avoiding the reduction of the use value and the nutritive value of the fermented feed raw material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of feeds, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a fermented feed raw material.
Background
The fermented feed raw material is prepared by fermenting one or more protein feed raw materials such as soybean meal, cottonseed meal, rapeseed meal and the like with single or mixed probiotics such as yeast, lactobacillus, bacillus and the like. The feed raw materials are fermented, so that the antigen and anti-nutritional factors can be eliminated, the protein is degraded, the nutrition absorption level of the feed raw materials is improved, the nutritional diarrhea of animals is solved, a large amount of active probiotics can be supplemented, the growth of harmful bacteria is inhibited, the occurrence of diseases is reduced, the use of pharmaceutical additives such as antibiotics and the like is greatly reduced, the health level of the animals is improved, and the safety of animal food is improved.
Generally, a fermented feed raw material product is a product obtained by drying wet fermented feed raw materials to reduce the moisture to below 12%, so that the fermented feed raw materials are convenient to store for a long time. However, the fermentation strain is easy to inactivate in the drying process, the use value and the nutrition added value of the raw materials of the fermented feed are reduced, and the production cost is increased; in addition, some mixed bacteria can be brought in the fermentation process, the fermentation process of the fermented feed raw materials can be influenced, and the nutritional value of the fermented feed raw materials is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a fermented feed raw material and a preparation method thereof, which can avoid the use of a drying method for processing a wet fermented feed raw material so as to achieve lower moisture and avoid the propagation of mixed bacteria, thereby avoiding the reduction of the use value and the nutritive value of the fermented feed raw material.
The embodiment of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of a fermented feed raw material comprises the following steps:
s1: culturing Aspergillus niger, Bacillus subtilis and fermented glutinous rice yeast strains and diluting for later use;
s2: pretreating the fermentation raw materials, and mixing the composite bacteriostatic agent;
s3: inoculating aspergillus niger strains into the treated fermentation raw materials for the first-stage fermentation;
s4: and inoculating bacillus subtilis and a fermented glutinous rice yeast strain into the fermentation raw material fermented in the first stage, and fermenting in the second stage until the standard is reached to obtain the fermented feed raw material.
Further, the concentration of the Aspergillus niger, Bacillus subtilis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains diluted in the step S1 is 1 × 107～2×107Cfu/ml。
Further, the fermentation raw material in the step S2 includes: corn and soybean meal; the mass ratio of the corn to the soybean meal is 1: 2-3.
Further, the specific method for pretreating the fermentation raw material in step S2 is as follows: crushing the fermentation raw material until the particle size is 1.5-1.8 mm, and drying until the water content is 10-12%.
Further, the composite bacteriostatic agent in the step S2 includes carbendazim, ampelopsin, penicillin and oxytetracycline.
Further, the mixing mass ratio of the composite bacteriostatic agent of the carbendazim, the ampelopsin, the penicillin and the oxytetracycline in the step S2 is (6-8): 1 (1.6-2).
Further, the amount of the Aspergillus niger species added in step S3 is 4X 106～1×107Cfu/g。
Further, the amount of Bacillus subtilis added in step S4 is 1 × 107～4×108Cfu/g, the addition amount of yeast strain in fermented glutinous rice is 3 multiplied by 108～4.5×108Cfu/g。
Further, the fermentation conditions of the first stage in the step S3 are: the temperature is 30-40 ℃, the time is 3-4 days, and the initial pH value is 3-5.
Further, the fermentation conditions of the second stage in the step S4 are: the temperature is 27-39 ℃, the time is 2-5 days, and the initial pH value is 3-4.
The technical scheme of the embodiment of the invention at least has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1. the invention adopts solid state fermentation, and no excess water is left in the fermentation process, so that the water content of the fermented feed raw materials is less than 12% without drying treatment, and the loss of nutritive value of the fermented feed caused by drying treatment is avoided.
2. According to the invention, the composite bacteriostatic agent is added, so that the growth and reproduction of mixed bacteria can be inhibited, the activity of each strain inoculated by the fermentation raw material is kept, the influence of the mixed bacteria on the fermentation process of the fermented feed raw material is avoided, and the reduction of the nutritive value of the fermented feed raw material is avoided.
3. The method adopts staged fermentation, firstly adopts aspergillus niger to carry out first-stage fermentation, so that the fermentation raw materials fully generate crude protein and reducing sugar; then bacillus subtilis and fermented glutinous rice yeast are adopted for the second stage fermentation, so that the fermentation raw materials fully generate nutrient substances such as crude fat, crude ash, crude fiber and the like; so as to give full play to the advantages of different strains and fully ferment the fermentation raw materials.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.
The following is a detailed description of the preparation method of the fermented feed material provided by the embodiment of the present invention.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a fermented feed raw material, which comprises the following steps:
s1: culturing Aspergillus niger, Bacillus subtilis and brewing yeast, and diluting to 1 × 107Cfu/ml for standby;
s2: mixing corn and soybean meal in a mass ratio of 1:3, crushing the mixture into particles with the particle size of 1.8mm, drying the particles until the water content is 10%, and mixing a composite bacteriostatic agent, wherein the composite bacteriostatic agent is carbendazim, amphotericin, penicillin and oxytetracycline in a mass ratio of 6:6:1: 1.6;
s3: inoculating 4X 10 to the treated fermentation raw material6Carrying out first-stage fermentation on the strains of the Cfu/g aspergillus niger under the conditions of 30 ℃ of temperature, 3 initial PH value and 3 days of fermentation time;
s4: inoculating 4X 10 to the fermented material after the first stage fermentation8Cfu/g Bacillus subtilis and 4.5X 108And (3) carrying out second-stage fermentation on the Cfu/g fermented glutinous rice yeast strain at the temperature of 39 ℃, with the initial pH value of 4 and the fermentation time of 5 days until the fermented glutinous rice yeast strain reaches the standard, thus preparing the fermented feed raw material.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a fermented feed raw material, which comprises the following steps:
s1: culture of Aspergillus niger, Bacillus subtilis and fermented glutinous rice yeastAnd diluted to a concentration of 2X 107Cfu/ml for standby;
s2: mixing corn and soybean meal in a mass ratio of 1:2, crushing the mixture into particles with the particle size of 1.5mm, drying the particles until the water content is 12%, and mixing a composite bacteriostatic agent, wherein the composite bacteriostatic agent is carbendazim, amphotericin, penicillin and oxytetracycline in a mass ratio of 8:8:1: 2;
s3: inoculating 1X 10 to the treated fermentation raw material7Carrying out first-stage fermentation on the strain of the aspergillus niger Cfu/g at the temperature of 40 ℃, at the initial pH value of 5 and for 4 days;
s4: inoculating 1X 10 to the fermented material after the first stage fermentation7Cfu/g Bacillus subtilis and 3X 108And (3) carrying out second-stage fermentation on the Cfu/g fermented glutinous rice yeast strain at the temperature of 27 ℃, under the conditions of initial pH value of 3 and fermentation time of 2 days until the fermented glutinous rice yeast strain reaches the standard, thus preparing the fermented feed raw material.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a fermented feed raw material, which comprises the following steps:
s1: culturing Aspergillus niger, Bacillus subtilis and fermented glutinous rice yeast, and diluting to concentration of 1.5 × 107Cfu/ml for standby;
s2: mixing corn and soybean meal in a mass ratio of 1:2.5, crushing the mixture into particles with the particle size of 1.6mm, drying the particles until the water content is 11%, and mixing a composite bacteriostatic agent, wherein the composite bacteriostatic agent is carbendazim, amphotericin, penicillin and terramycin in a mass ratio of 6:8:1: 1.6;
s3: inoculating 8X 10 to the treated fermentation raw material6Carrying out first-stage fermentation on the strain of the aspergillus niger Cfu/g at the temperature of 35 ℃, at the initial pH value of 4 and for 3 days;
s4: inoculating 6X 10 to the fermented material after the first stage fermentation7Cfu/g Bacillus subtilis and 3.5X 108And (3) carrying out second-stage fermentation on the Cfu/g fermented glutinous rice yeast strain at the temperature of 35 ℃, the initial pH value of 4 and the fermentation time of 3 days until the fermented glutinous rice yeast strain reaches the standard, thus preparing the fermented feed raw material.
Example 4
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a fermented feed raw material, which comprises the following steps:
s1: culturing Aspergillus niger, Bacillus subtilis and brewing yeast, and diluting to 1 × 107Cfu/ml for standby;
s2: mixing corn and soybean meal in a mass ratio of 1:2, crushing the mixture into particles with the particle size of 1.7mm, drying the particles until the water content is 10%, and mixing a composite bacteriostatic agent, wherein the composite bacteriostatic agent is carbendazim, amphotericin, penicillin and oxytetracycline in a mass ratio of 7:7:1: 1.8;
s3: inoculating 6X 10 to the treated fermentation raw material6Carrying out first-stage fermentation on the strain of the aspergillus niger Cfu/g at the temperature of 38 ℃, with the initial PH value of 3 and the fermentation time of 3 days;
s4: inoculating 2X 10 to the fermented material after the first stage fermentation8Cfu/g Bacillus subtilis and 4X 108And (3) carrying out second-stage fermentation on the Cfu/g fermented glutinous rice yeast strain at the temperature of 30 ℃, under the conditions of initial PH value of 3 and fermentation time of 4 days until the fermented glutinous rice yeast strain reaches the standard, thus preparing the fermented feed raw material.
Comparative example 1
The comparative example provides a method for preparing a fermented feed material, comprising the following steps:
s1: culturing Aspergillus niger, Bacillus subtilis and brewing yeast, and diluting to 1 × 107Cfu/ml for standby;
s2: mixing corn and soybean meal in a mass ratio of 1:2, crushing the mixture into particles with the particle size of 1.7mm, adding water, mixing the particles and mixing a composite bacteriostatic agent, wherein the composite bacteriostatic agent is carbendazim, amphotericin, penicillin and oxytetracycline in a mass ratio of 7:7:1: 1.8;
s3: mixing and inoculating 6 x 10 to the treated fermentation material liquid6Carrying out first-stage fermentation on the strain of the aspergillus niger Cfu/g at the temperature of 38 ℃, with the initial PH value of 3 and the fermentation time of 3 days;
s4: inoculating 2X 10 of the mixture into the fermented material liquid after the first stage fermentation8Cfu/g Bacillus subtilis and 4X 108Cfu/g fermented glutinous rice yeast strain, at 30 deg.C, initial pH of 3, and fermentation time of 4 daysPerforming two-stage fermentation until the fermented feed reaches the standard to prepare a wet fermented feed raw material;
s5: and drying the wet fermented feed raw material at 65 ℃ until the moisture content is less than 12% to obtain the fermented feed raw material.
Comparative example 2
The comparative example differs from the examples in that: the composite bacteriostatic agent is not added, and other preparation methods are the same as the examples.
Comparative example 3
The comparative example provides a method for preparing a fermented feed material, comprising the following steps:
s1: culturing Aspergillus niger, Bacillus subtilis and fermented glutinous rice yeast, and diluting to concentration of 1.5 × 107Cfu/ml for standby;
s2: mixing corn and soybean meal in a mass ratio of 1:2.5, crushing the mixture into particles with the particle size of 1.6mm, drying the particles until the water content is 11%, and mixing a composite bacteriostatic agent, wherein the composite bacteriostatic agent is carbendazim, amphotericin, penicillin and terramycin in a mass ratio of 6:8:1: 1.6;
s3: inoculating 8X 10 to the treated fermentation raw material6Cfu/g Aspergillus niger species, 6X 107Cfu/g Bacillus subtilis and 3.5X 108And (3) fermenting the Cfu/g fermented glutinous rice yeast strain at the temperature of 35 ℃, under the conditions of initial pH value of 4 and fermentation time of 5 days until the fermented glutinous rice yeast strain reaches the standard to prepare the fermented feed raw material.
Examples of the experiments
The fermented feed raw materials prepared in examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 1 to 3 with the same mass were used to detect the content of the nutrient components, and the results are shown in table 1. The detection is carried out according to the methods in feed analysis and feed quality detection technology and biochemical experimental method and technology.
TABLE 1 average nutrient content of fermented feed material
As can be seen from Table 1, the fermented feed materials prepared in examples 1 to 4 produced more nutrients than the fermented feed materials prepared in comparative examples 1 to 3; comparative example 1 is prepared into a fermented feed raw material by drying treatment after liquid state fermentation until the water content is less than 12%, and comparative example 2 is not added with a compound bacteriostatic agent in the fermentation process; comparative example 3 no staged fermentation was used; the water content of the fermented feed raw material prepared by the invention is less than 12% through solid state fermentation, so that the use of drying treatment is avoided, meanwhile, the composite bacteriostatic agent is added in the fermentation process, the growth and the propagation of mixed bacteria are inhibited, the influence of the mixed bacteria on the fermentation process of the fermented feed raw material is avoided, and the reduction of the nutritive value of the fermented feed raw material is avoided; and through staged fermentation, the advantages of different strains are fully exerted, so that the fermentation raw materials are fully fermented to generate rich nutrient substances; so that the nutrient substances produced by the fermented feed raw materials prepared by the method are sufficient and rich.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of a fermented feed raw material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: culturing Aspergillus niger, Bacillus subtilis and fermented glutinous rice yeast strains and diluting for later use;
s2: pretreating the fermentation raw materials, and mixing the composite bacteriostatic agent;
s3: inoculating aspergillus niger strains into the treated fermentation raw materials for the first-stage fermentation;
s4: and inoculating bacillus subtilis and a fermented glutinous rice yeast strain into the fermentation raw material fermented in the first stage, and fermenting in the second stage until the standard is reached to obtain the fermented feed raw material.
2. The method for preparing fermented feed stuff according to claim 1, wherein the diluted concentration of aspergillus niger, bacillus subtilis and yeast species for brewing in step S1 is 1 x 107～2×107Cfu/ml。
3. The method for preparing fermented feed material according to claim 1, wherein the fermented material in the step S2 comprises: corn and soybean meal; the mass ratio of the corn to the soybean meal is 1: 2-3.
4. The method for preparing a fermented feed material according to claim 1, wherein the pretreatment of the fermented feed material in step S2 comprises: crushing the fermentation raw material until the particle size is 1.5-1.8 mm, and drying until the water content is 10-12%.
5. The method for preparing fermented feed material according to claim 1, wherein the composite bacteriostatic agent in step S2 comprises carbendazim, amphenicol, penicillin and oxytetracycline.
6. The preparation method of the fermented feed raw material according to claim 1, wherein the mixing mass ratio of the composite bacteriostatic agent of carbendazim, amphenicol, penicillin and oxytetracycline in step S2 is (6-8): 1 (1.6-2).
7. The method for preparing fermented feed material according to claim 1, wherein the amount of the Aspergillus niger added in step S3 is 4X 106～1×107Cfu/g。
8. The method for producing a fermented feed material according to claim 1, wherein the amount of Bacillus subtilis added in step S4 is 1X 107～4×108Cfu/g, the addition amount of yeast strain in fermented glutinous rice is 3 multiplied by 108～4.5×108Cfu/g。
9. The method for preparing fermented feed material according to claim 1, wherein the fermentation conditions of the first stage in the step S3 are: the temperature is 30-40 ℃, the time is 3-4 days, and the initial pH value is 3-5.
10. The method for preparing fermented feed material according to claim 1, wherein the fermentation conditions in the second stage of step S4 are: the temperature is 27-39 ℃, the time is 2-5 days, and the initial pH value is 3-4.
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105685371A (en) * | 2014-11-26 | 2016-06-22 | 天津佳瑞兴科技发展有限公司 | Microbe fermented feed and production technology thereof |
| CN108157592A (en) * | 2016-12-07 | 2018-06-15 | 中粮生物化学（安徽）股份有限公司 | A kind of fermentative feedstuff of microbe raw material and its production method and feed |
| CN109329569A (en) * | 2018-12-05 | 2019-02-15 | 湖南赛福资源饲料科技有限公司 | Fermented feed preprocessing method of raw materials |
| CN110468161A (en) * | 2019-08-08 | 2019-11-19 | 国投生物科技投资有限公司 | The application of corn and rice in wheat alcohol fermentation processes and the method using mixed raw material progress raw material fermentation production ethyl alcohol |
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2020
- 2020-10-14 CN CN202011097972.9A patent/CN112167434A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105685371A (en) * | 2014-11-26 | 2016-06-22 | 天津佳瑞兴科技发展有限公司 | Microbe fermented feed and production technology thereof |
| CN108157592A (en) * | 2016-12-07 | 2018-06-15 | 中粮生物化学（安徽）股份有限公司 | A kind of fermentative feedstuff of microbe raw material and its production method and feed |
| CN109329569A (en) * | 2018-12-05 | 2019-02-15 | 湖南赛福资源饲料科技有限公司 | Fermented feed preprocessing method of raw materials |
| CN110468161A (en) * | 2019-08-08 | 2019-11-19 | 国投生物科技投资有限公司 | The application of corn and rice in wheat alcohol fermentation processes and the method using mixed raw material progress raw material fermentation production ethyl alcohol |
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Application publication date: 20210105 |