CN110384177B - Method for preparing yeast culture based on distiller's grains and application of yeast culture in animal feed - Google Patents
Method for preparing yeast culture based on distiller's grains and application of yeast culture in animal feed Download PDFInfo
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- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for preparing a yeast culture based on white spirit vinasse and application of the yeast culture in animal feed. The method comprises the steps of taking a byproduct of solid-state fermentation liquor distiller's grains as a main raw material, adding wheat bran as an auxiliary material, performing puffing treatment on the raw material, inoculating activated yeast, producing a yeast culture by adopting a solid-state fermentation process, and optimizing the quality of a fermentation culture product. The invention has the advantages that: the solid state fermentation process is simple to operate, and can effectively reduce the use of water resources, thereby avoiding the problem of environmental pollution caused by waste water discharge; the fermented product contains more substances such as vitamins and the like, has rich nutrient components, and can be used as a feed additive to be added into common feed to achieve the purpose of improving the nutritional value of the feed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fermentation engineering, in particular to a yeast culture prepared based on vinasse and application of the yeast culture in animal feed.
Background
The distiller's grains are single raw materials such as sorghum, corn and wheat or residues obtained by fermenting and distilling mixed raw materials, are feed raw materials with extremely high nutritional value, carbohydrates in the raw materials for brewing the white spirit are fermented into ethanol and then are distilled and separated, the contents of crude protein, crude fat and the like in the distiller's grains are improved compared with the raw materials, the content of nitrogen-free extracts is correspondingly reduced, the vitamin B content is also high, the distiller's grains can be used as coarse feed to be added into daily ration of livestock and poultry, but the distiller's grains also contain a large amount of crude fibers which are mainly from rice husks used as fillers in the process of brewing the white spirit, the crude fibers comprise lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose, cannot be digested by monogastric animals, the palatability is poor, and in order to improve the feeding value of the distiller's grains, the rice husks in the prior art are generally removed by centrifugal sieving to remove most of the crude fibers, or degrading crude fiber in the distiller's grains into small molecular sugar digestible by monogastric animals such as cellobiose and glucose by using a microbial fermentation method or an enzymolysis method, and simultaneously degrading partial crude protein in the distiller's grains into small molecular peptide, thereby improving the nutritional value of the distiller's grains to a certain extent;
the existing microbial fermentation method and the enzymolysis method still have some defects: the degradation mechanisms of lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose are different, microorganisms and an enzymolysis method have strong pertinence to the degradation of crude fibers, some microorganisms can only effectively degrade the lignin, some microorganisms can only effectively degrade the cellulose and the hemicellulose, and any microorganism is only selected to degrade the crude fibers, so that a high crude fiber degradation rate cannot be obtained.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for preparing yeast culture based on distiller's grains, which is characterized in that the distiller's grains are puffed, and yeast is added to carry out solid anaerobic fermentation to degrade crude fibers in the distiller's grains, and simultaneously, the protein content in the distiller's grains is improved, and concentrated feed with high added value and feed additive production are produced, so that the commercial value and the application range of the distiller's grains are greatly improved.
It is still another object of the present invention to provide a yeast culture prepared by the above method for preparing a yeast culture based on distiller's grains.
It is still another object of the present invention to provide the use of the above yeast culture in animal feed.
The first technical scheme is as follows: a method for preparing yeast culture based on distiller's grains comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a solid fermentation raw material: mixing the white spirit vinasse and the wheat bran in a mass mixing ratio of (7-4): (3-6), placing the mixture in an expansion machine after fully and uniformly mixing, adding fermentation powder accounting for 0.5-1.5% of the weight of the mixture, performing expansion treatment at 220 ℃, performing secondary crushing on the expanded mixture, sieving by a 100-mesh sieve, respectively adding bean pulp and molasses accounting for 5-10% of the weight of the expanded mixture, and uniformly mixing for later use;
(2) preparing a seed solution: weighing 1-5g of dry yeast and 100ml of triangular flask, adding distilled water with the temperature of 38-42 ℃ and 1% of glucose according to the proportion of 1g to 9ml, sealing, carrying out water bath at 38-42 ℃ for 15min, and carrying out water bath activation at 28-32 ℃ for 1h to obtain activated yeast seed liquid;
(3) inoculating the yeast seed liquid prepared in the step (2) into the solid fermentation raw material prepared in the step (1), fully and uniformly mixing, and carrying out aerobic fermentation for 6-12h and then carrying out solid anaerobic fermentation for 48-72 h at the temperature of 20-30 ℃;
(4) and granulating the fermented material by adopting a screw extrusion mode to obtain yeast culture particles, drying, packaging and storing in a shade place.
The method is characterized in that the distiller's grains and wheat bran are puffed at high temperature and then crushed, so that on one hand, the original substances such as mycotoxin in the distiller's grains can be reduced, on the other hand, the cell structure of plants is damaged by high-temperature puffing, so that the plants are further decomposed, cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and the like in the raw materials are broken, bulked, primarily decomposed and damaged, and therefore the cellulose in the raw materials is degraded, the nutritional value of the distiller's grains is improved to a certain extent, and meanwhile, under the puffing action of fermentation powder, the raw materials are fluffy and porous and have large surface areas, and can be used as solid fermentation raw materials to provide larger space support for the attached growth of yeast, thereby being beneficial to the mass propagation of the yeast, the digestion, absorption and conversion of nutrient substances, and the content of protein and nutrient;
the yeast belongs to facultative bacteria, aerobic fermentation is adopted in the early stage of fermentation to accelerate the propagation of bacteria and accelerate the fermentation speed, the generated products are generally primary metabolites, then anaerobic fermentation is adopted, high-concentration yeast in the culture generates more secondary metabolites through anaerobic fermentation, the metabolic activity converts nutrients such as starch, sugar and the like in the vinasse into metabolites, enzymes such as lipase, protease, cellulase and the like are generated at the same time, cellulose in the vinasse is further degraded, the digestion, absorption and utilization of animals are promoted, the yeast ferments the vinasse to convert inorganic nitrogen and vegetable protein into mycoprotein, the protein content is improved, and the protein structure, the amino acid composition and the proportion in the vinasse are changed.
Preferably, the swelling material in the step (1) is added with a combined enzyme solution which is 1-5% of the weight of the mixture, and the mixture is placed in an environment with the temperature of 30-50 ℃ and the relative humidity of 25-35% for enzymolysis for 24-48h after being fully and uniformly mixed; wherein the combined enzyme solution is prepared by beta-glucanase, xylitol enzyme and cellulase according to the mass ratio of (1-2) to (2-4);
the combined enzyme further decomposes the coarse fiber which is not completely and fully degraded, such as bulking, preliminary decomposition and the like in the puffing process, so that the cellulose in the raw material is degraded to the maximum extent.
Preferably, the inoculation amount of the yeast seed liquid in the step (3) is 10-15%;
preferably, ventilating and turning over once every 12h in the step (3);
ventilating and turning the materials once every 12 hours is beneficial to uniformly distributing nutrient substances and yeast strains in the solid-state fermentation raw materials, and simultaneously supplementing certain oxygen to promote mass propagation of yeast.
Preferably, after the anaerobic fermentation in the step (3) is finished, adding NaCl solution with the weight of 6% of that of the fermentation liquid and papain with the weight of 0.04%, uniformly mixing, adjusting the temperature to 35-55 ℃, standing for 24h, and adjusting the pH value of the fermentation culture to 6.5;
the yeast decomposes saccharides in a fermentation raw material by anaerobic fermentation to generate ethanol and water, wherein the ethanol is a yeast autolysis auxiliary agent which can dissolve fat, promote the improvement of cell membrane permeability and inhibit the decay of bacteria, NaCl solution is added into a fermented product to promote the rupture of yeast cell walls and promote the dissolution of yeast cell inner solute, the cell inner solute is rich in minerals, vitamins, flavor enhancing substances, digestive enzyme, mannooligosaccharides, beta-glucan, amino acids and unknown growth promoting factors, the substances are excellent nutrient substances for microorganisms in animal gastrointestinal tracts, however, the activity of the protein source enzyme in the yeast cells is limited, the activity is also reduced along with the progress of autolysis, the condition can be effectively improved by adding papain, the pH influences the activity of protease in the yeast cells, and the most suitable pH value of the protease in the yeast cells is slightly acid neutral, the activation of intracellular phospholipase, nuclease and protease in autolysis process makes carbohydrate, when the temperature is optimally 50-55 deg.C, helps intracellular enzyme maintain high activity, and also helps ethanol in fermentation product to volatilize and remove.
Preferably, in the step (4), the drying temperature of the yeast culture granules is 45-75 ℃, the drying time is 12-36h, and the mass fraction of the water content in the granules is 10-12%;
drying at this temperature can effectively ensure the integrity of nutrients such as vitamins, enzymes and growth factors in the materials, and avoid loss of the nutrients in the drying process.
The second technical scheme is as follows: yeast culture prepared by the method for preparing yeast culture based on distiller's grains;
the third technical scheme is as follows: the application of the yeast culture in animal feed comprises mixing the prepared yeast culture granules with basal feed, and feeding as animal feed;
preferably, the mass mixing ratio of the yeast culture granules to the basal feed is (1-3): 10.
The invention at least comprises the following beneficial effects:
(1) the solid-state fermentation process applied by the invention takes the expanded distiller's grains and a certain proportion of bran and other substances as substrates to carry out solid-state fermentation, effectively avoids the amount of waste water generated by fermentation, accords with the concept of green process, simultaneously omits the operation of removing the rice hulls and other substances rich in crude fibers which are difficult to be digested and absorbed by animals in the distiller's grains, and simplifies the fermentation step;
(2) inoculating activated yeast into the puffed solid fermentation material, and allowing yeast to propagate at appropriate temperature to obtain fermented product with yeast content of 1011cfu/g；
(3) The yeast with high concentration in the culture has good degradation effect on the mycotoxin in the vinasse, so that the obtained product is safe and nontoxic, and the feed detoxification method meets the requirement of green production;
(4) yeast in the fermented product is subjected to autolysis, so that various vitamins, minerals and bioactive substances including metal ions such as calcium and copper, glutathione, vitamins and the like in the fermented product are further increased, and the nutritive value of the fermented product is obviously increased;
(5) the yeast culture with high protein and high nutrient content is added into the conventional feed in a proportion of 10-30%, so that the content and proportion of absorbable protein in the feed are effectively improved, and the addition of extra protein can be reduced, thereby greatly reducing the production cost of the feed. The abundant vitamins and bioactive substances in the yeast culture have good flavor and nutritive value, are beneficial to improving the feed intake of animals, maintaining the health of the animals and promoting the growth of the animals.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below to enable those skilled in the art to practice the invention with reference to the description.
It will be understood that terms such as "having," "including," and "comprising," as used herein, do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other elements or groups thereof.
Example 1
A method for preparing yeast culture based on white spirit vinasse comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a solid fermentation raw material: mixing the white spirit vinasse and the wheat bran by a mass mixing ratio of 7: 3, placing the mixture in an expansion machine after fully and uniformly mixing, adding fermentation powder accounting for 1 percent of the weight of the mixture, performing expansion treatment at the temperature of 220 ℃, performing secondary crushing on the expanded mixture, sieving the mixture by a 100-mesh sieve, respectively adding bean pulp and molasses accounting for 10 percent of the weight of the expanded mixture, and uniformly mixing for later use;
(2) preparing a seed solution: weighing 2g of dry yeast and 100ml of triangular flask, adding distilled water at 40 ℃ and 1% of glucose according to the proportion of 1g to 9ml, sealing, and activating in 40 ℃ water bath for 15min and 30 ℃ water bath for 1h to obtain activated yeast seed liquid;
(3) inoculating the yeast seed liquid prepared in the step (2) into the solid-state fermentation raw material prepared in the step (1), wherein the inoculation amount of the seed liquid is 10%, fully and uniformly mixing, carrying out aerobic fermentation for 12 hours at 30 ℃, and then carrying out solid-state anaerobic fermentation for 72 hours;
(4) granulating the fermented material by screw extrusion to obtain yeast culture granules, drying at 55 deg.C for 24 hr until the water content in the granules is 10%, packaging, and storing in shade.
Example 2
The difference from example 1 is that the mixing ratio of the distiller's grains and wheat bran by mass is 4: 6.
example 3
The difference from the embodiment 2 is that the swelling material in the step (1) is added with a combined enzyme solution with the weight of 5 percent of the mixed material, and the mixed material is placed in an environment with the temperature of 50 ℃ and the relative humidity of 25-35 percent for enzymolysis for 24 hours after being fully and uniformly mixed; wherein the combined enzyme solution is prepared from beta-glucanase, xylitol enzyme and cellulase according to the mass ratio of 1: 2.
Example 4
The difference from example 3 is that the aeration-upending was carried out once every 12 h.
Example 5
The difference from example 3 is that after the anaerobic fermentation in step (3) is completed, the pH value of the fermentation culture is adjusted to 6.5, NaCl solution which is 6% of the weight of the fermentation liquid and papain which is 0.04% of the weight of the fermentation liquid are added, the mixture is mixed evenly, and then the temperature is adjusted to 55 ℃ and the mixture is placed for 24 hours.
Example 6
The same as example 5, except that before the distiller's grains and bran are expanded, the distiller's grains are heated at 180 ℃ until the moisture content is 20-24%.
Comparative example 1
The difference from example 5 is that the distiller's grains and bran are not expanded.
Comparative example 2
The difference from example 5 is that the fermentation process is direct solid anaerobic fermentation, and only material turning and no ventilation are performed in the process.
The yeast cultures of examples 1-6 and comparative examples 1-2 were subjected to nutrient test, and the test results are shown in Table 1.
The method for detecting the protein content in the feed adopts a mass spectrometry, the method can accurately determine the content of each protein, and the determination of the content of the crude cellulose in the feed is based on the determination method of the content of the crude fiber in the feed GB/T6434-94.
TABLE 1 variation Table of nutrient composition in Yeast cultures of examples 1-6 and comparative examples 1-2
Note: the content of the raw materials is increased, and the content of the raw materials is reduced by taking the total protein content, the soluble protein content and the cellulose protein content of the raw materials which are not processed as references.
Application example
45 jeans with similar body weight are randomly selected and divided into 9 groups, each group comprises 5 jeans, the yeast cultures of the examples 1-6 and the comparative examples 1-2 are added into common feed in an amount of 10%, the blank group is fed with the common feed, after the feed is fed for 30 days, the body weight increasing conditions of the experimental pigs of each group are counted, and the statistical results are shown in a table 2.
TABLE 2 weight gain status of examples 1-6 and comparative examples 1-2 and blank control group
Thus, the daily average weight gain of animals can be significantly increased by adding the yeast culture prepared by the invention into the feed in a certain proportion. In example 6, the distiller's grains are heated at 180 ℃, on one hand, cellulose is unstable at about 120 ℃, and can be degraded at 180 ℃, the degree of polymerization is reduced, the chemical composition is changed, and carbonyl is increased, and on the other hand, in the high-temperature heating process, the water content of the distiller's grains is reduced, so that a solid culture medium can be formed for subsequent microbial fermentation, and the content of nutrient substances in the yeast culture is remarkably increased.
While embodiments of the invention have been disclosed above, it is not limited to the applications set forth in the description and the embodiments, which are fully applicable in various fields of endeavor to which the invention pertains, and further modifications may readily be made by those skilled in the art, it being understood that the invention is not limited to the details shown and described herein without departing from the generic concept as defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (4)
1. A method for preparing yeast culture for feed based on white spirit vinasse is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparing a solid fermentation raw material: mixing the white spirit vinasse and the wheat bran in a mass mixing ratio of (7-4): (3-6), placing the mixture in an expansion machine after fully and uniformly mixing, adding fermentation powder accounting for 0.5-1.5% of the weight of the mixture, performing expansion treatment at 220 ℃, performing secondary crushing on the expanded mixture, sieving by a 100-mesh sieve, respectively adding bean pulp and molasses accounting for 5-10% of the weight of the expanded mixture, and uniformly mixing for later use;
(2) preparing a seed solution: weighing 1-5g of dry yeast in a 100ml triangular flask, adding distilled water at 38-42 ℃ and 1% of glucose according to the proportion of 1g to 9ml, sealing, activating in 38-42 ℃ water bath for 15min, and activating in 28-32 ℃ water bath for 1h to obtain activated yeast seed liquid;
(3) inoculating the yeast seed liquid prepared in the step (2) into the solid fermentation raw material prepared in the step (1), fully and uniformly mixing, and carrying out aerobic fermentation for 6-12h and then carrying out solid anaerobic fermentation for 48-72 h at the temperature of 20-30 ℃;
(4) granulating the fermented material by screw extrusion to obtain yeast culture granules, drying, packaging, and storing in shade;
heating distiller's grains and bran at 180 deg.C to water content of 20-24% before puffing;
the inoculation amount of the yeast seed liquid in the step (3) is 10-15%;
turning over the materials once every 12 hours in the step (3);
after the anaerobic fermentation in the step (3) is finished, adjusting the pH value of the fermentation culture to 6.5, adding NaCl solution with the weight of 6% of that of the fermentation liquor and papain with the weight of 0.04%, uniformly mixing, adjusting the temperature to 50-55 ℃, and standing for 24 h;
in the step (4), the drying temperature of the saccharomycete culture granules is 45-75 ℃, the drying time is 12-36h, and the mass fraction of the water content in the granules is 10-12%.
2. The yeast culture prepared by the method for preparing the yeast culture for the feed based on the white spirit vinasse according to claim 1.
3. The use of the yeast culture of claim 2 in animal feed, wherein the yeast culture pellet prepared in claim 1 is mixed with basal feed and fed as animal feed.
4. The use of yeast culture in animal feed according to claim 3, wherein the mass mixing ratio of yeast culture granules to basal feed is (1-3): 10.
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| CN111513191A (en) * | 2020-04-24 | 2020-08-11 | 路德环境科技股份有限公司 | Fermentation method of yeast culture with Maotai-flavor distiller's grains as raw material |
| CN113180149B (en) * | 2021-05-11 | 2023-10-13 | 江南大学 | Method for producing probiotics feed by continuously fermenting vinasse serving as raw material |
| CN113892663B (en) * | 2021-09-27 | 2022-10-21 | 安徽东方新新生物技术有限公司 | Production method of biological feed |
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| CN102783557B (en) * | 2012-08-06 | 2014-07-09 | 贵州大学 | Method for producing thallus feed by white spirit distiller's grain |
| CN102992915B (en) * | 2012-11-30 | 2014-07-09 | 张有聪 | Method for preparing environment-friendly and high-efficiency biological organic fertilizer by using distilled spirit vinasse |
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