CN112161983A - 一种利用金相和电子探针确定钢材类型的方法 - Google Patents
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
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- 229910021578 Iron(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 10
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrochloric acid Substances Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
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- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
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- 230000009972 noncorrosive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
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- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010965 430 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
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- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009614 chemical analysis method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种利用金相和电子探针确定钢材类型的方法，该方法对未知钢材进行截取、磨制、抛光和腐蚀，然后在光学金相显微镜下观察其微观组织形态，最后利用电子探针测定其化学成分，根据腐蚀状态、微观组织形态和化学成分即可确定未知钢材的类型。本发明不仅能够快速、直观、准确的确定未知钢材的类型，并可以和同型号钢种进行比对验证；本发明对钢材的大小、形状不受限制，可以通过截取、镶嵌、夹持等方法进行磨制、抛光和腐蚀处理，比传统化学方法直观、便捷、环保、节约化学药品。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于钢材检测技术领域，涉及一种利用金相和电子探针确定钢材类型的方法。
背景技术
钢是以铁和碳为主要成分的合金，它的含碳量一般小于2.11%，一般还需要添加其它合金成分。不同的钢具有不同的化学成分和不同的热处理生产工艺，由此具有不同的强度、硬度、塑性以及耐腐蚀性等，因此用途各不相同。在实际当中，经常会有未知钢种需要鉴别，通常是采用化学方法检验钢中化学成分的含量，比对国家标准以确定钢种。该方法存在的主要问题是要采用多种化学分析方法测定，耗时耗人且使用大量有毒有害危险化学试剂。同时，未知钢种，不确定应测什么元素，通常的做法是测碳硅锰磷硫，这样有可能漏测一些元素，实际钢中一些合金元素或微量的元素往往对性能有较大影响。另外，成分相同，热处理工艺不同会产生不同的微观组织，因而具有不同的性能，用途也大不一样。因此，在用化学方法鉴定未知材料类型时存在一定的局限性，且不环保。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种利用金相和电子探针确定钢材类型的方法。
本发明利用金相和电子探针确定钢材类型的方法，包括以下步骤:
（1）截取或镶嵌未知钢材样品，丝带薄片或不规则的样品选择镶嵌，采用360目、500目、800目、1000目的金相砂纸进行磨制，在800转/分的转速下进行抛光，使表面光亮如镜。
（2）将抛光后的未知钢材样品在未腐蚀情况下用显微镜观察其组织形态，若样品含有石墨，则为铸铁，并根据石墨形态可判断铸铁类型；将抛光后的未知钢材样品使用4%的硝酸酒精溶液进行腐蚀，若易腐蚀则为碳钢，若不易腐蚀则为不锈钢；对不锈钢样品采用氯化铁盐酸溶液进行腐蚀；氯化铁盐酸溶液中，氯化铁与盐酸质量体积比为0.1g/mL，氯化铁与水质量体积比为0.05g/mL。
（3）将上述腐蚀后的样品在光学显微镜下观察，得到未知钢材样品的组织形态。
（4）利用电子探针测定未知钢材6个点的化学成分，结合腐蚀状态、组织形态、化学成分即可确定出钢材类型。
本发明与现有技术相比具有以下优点：
（1）本发明对未知钢材进行截取、磨制、抛光和腐蚀，然后在光学金相显微镜下观察其微观组织形态，最后利用电子探针测定其化学成分，结合腐蚀状态、微观组织形态和化学成分能够快速、直观、准确的确定出钢材类型，并可以和同型号钢种进行比对验证。
（2）本发明对钢材的大小、形状不受限制，可以通过截取、镶嵌、夹持等方法进行磨制、抛光和腐蚀处理，比传统化学方法直观、便捷。
（3）本发明节约化学药品，环保。
附图说明
图1为制备好的未知钢材样品。
图2为未知钢材的金相组织。
图3为未知钢材的电子探针谱图。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实例对本发明利用金相和电子探针确定钢材类型的方法进行详细说明。
（1）截取未知钢材样品，截取尺寸为10×10mm，采用360目、500目、800目、1000目的金相砂纸进行磨制进行磨制，在800转/分的转速下进行抛光，使表面清洁、平整，制备好的未知钢材样品如图1。
（2）使用4%硝酸酒精溶液腐蚀，样品未腐蚀，组织未显示出来，可以判断出该材料为不锈钢。
（3）采用氯化铁盐酸水溶液（氯化铁5g，盐水50mL，水100mL）对未知钢材样品进行腐蚀；在光学显微镜观察到未知钢材样品的组织形态如图2，为铁素体+碳化物，可以初步判断该未知材料为400系不锈钢退火状态。
（4）利用电子探针测定未知钢材6个点的化学成分，未知钢材的电子探针谱图如图3，电子探针测试化学成分结果如表1，主要成分为Fe、Cr，含量分别为83.22%、16.54%。结合化学成分和微观组织形态可确定出该未知钢材为铁素体型430不锈钢。
Claims (3)
1.一种利用金相和电子探针确定钢材类型的方法，包括以下步骤:
（1）截取或镶嵌未知钢材样品，对样品进行磨制、抛光，使表面光亮如镜；
（2）将抛光后的未知钢材样品在未腐蚀情况下用显微镜观察其组织形态，若样品含有石墨，则为铸铁，并根据石墨形态可判断铸铁类型；将抛光后的未知钢材样品使用4%的硝酸酒精溶液进行腐蚀，若易腐蚀则为碳钢，若不易腐蚀则为不锈钢；对不锈钢样品采用氯化铁盐酸溶液进行腐蚀；
（3）将上述腐蚀后的样品在光学显微镜下观察，得到未知钢材样品的组织形态；
（4）利用电子探针测定未知钢材6个点的化学成分，结合腐蚀状态、组织形态、化学成分即可确定出钢材类型。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种利用金相和电子探针确定钢材类型的方法，其特征在于：步骤（1）中，采用360目、500目、800目、1000目的金相砂纸进行磨制，抛光是在800转/分的转速下进行抛光。
3.根据权利要求1所述一种利用金相和电子探针确定钢材类型的方法，其特征在于：步骤（2）中，氯化铁盐酸溶液中，氯化铁与盐酸质量体积比为0.1g/mL，氯化铁与水质量体积比为0.05g/mL。
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Citations (2)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103278369A (zh) * | 2013-03-28 | 2013-09-04 | 国家电网公司 | 一种显示铬钼钒合金钢奥氏体晶界的侵蚀剂及其使用方法 |
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| CN103278369A (zh) * | 2013-03-28 | 2013-09-04 | 国家电网公司 | 一种显示铬钼钒合金钢奥氏体晶界的侵蚀剂及其使用方法 |
| CN109030462A (zh) * | 2018-08-21 | 2018-12-18 | 钢研纳克检测技术股份有限公司 | 一种钢中不同类型夹杂物面积及含量的定量表征方法 |
| DE102019121446A1 (de) * | 2018-08-21 | 2020-02-27 | Ncs Testing Technology Co., Ltd. | Quantitatives Charakterisierungsverfahren für die Fläche und für den Inhalt unterschiedlicher Typen von Einschlüssen in Stahl |
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| 秦紫瑞 等: "双相铸造不锈钢的组织及其局部腐蚀行为", 机械工程材料, no. 01, pages 20 - 23 * |
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