CN112159587A - 一种改性耐磨高温尼龙的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种改性耐磨高温尼龙的制备方法,涉及改性塑料领域,该方法包括:以尼龙6/尼龙66进行改性,加入多官能团的单体、PTFE微粉、玻璃纤维,各组份按比例预混合后使用双螺杆挤出机挤出,然后使用钴源或电子加速器进行辐照处理,辐照剂量10~200kGy,得到改性耐磨高温尼龙。与传统尼龙6/尼龙66相比,本发明具有耐磨性好、耐温性高的特点,同时工艺简单有效、非常经济。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及改性塑料领域,尤其涉及一种改性耐磨高温尼龙的制备方法。
背景技术
近年来,工程塑料制品以其优异的性能获得越来越广泛的应用。工程塑料在轴承上前景广阔,正逐步取代金属材料,塑料轴承正受到越来越多用户的欢迎。塑料轴承质量比金属轻,更适合现代化的轻量型设计趋势;制造成本较金属类低,采用的是注塑成型加工适合大批量生产;塑料轴承在使用中不会发生生锈现象,运行中没有任何噪声,具有一定的吸振功能。
尼龙6和尼龙66是制作塑料轴承的一种常用材料,具有优异的机械力学性能、耐磨、自润滑、耐油、耐温等特点。其良好的自润滑性能及低的摩擦系数,在保持塑料轴承传统优势的基础上,可应用于精密及较高转速运转。但在某些相对较高的环境条件下,尼龙的性能还不能完全满足实际应用上的要求。普通尼龙的强度、热变形温度、耐磨性等方面也无法达到某些特殊使用条件下的要求。为进一步提升尼龙6和尼龙66的应用范围,则需要对尼龙6和尼龙66进行改性。交联及物理改性相结合进行改性是一个较好的方式,一方面,交联可以提高材料的强度、耐热性以及热形变温度;另一方面,适宜的物理改性可以进一步提升材料的耐磨性能及机械性能。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种改性耐磨高温尼龙的制备方法,解决现有技术中普通未改性尼龙不具备耐磨和耐高温特性的问题。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是:一种改性耐磨高温尼龙的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤1:按重量百分比称取如下物料:50%~60%的尼龙6或尼龙66、1%~5%的多官能团单体、0.2%~8%的热稳定剂、1%~8%的乙烯-乙酸乙烯共聚物、1%~20%的PTFE微粉、10%~50%的玻璃纤维,搅拌均匀得到混合料;
步骤2:将混合料通过挤出机挤出,得到塑化尼龙材料;
步骤3:将塑化尼龙材料进行辐照处理,得到改性耐磨高温尼龙。
进一步地,所述步骤2中将混合料通过挤出机挤出时采用双螺杆挤出机。
进一步地,所述步骤2中先将双螺杆挤出机预热到250℃~270℃后再执行挤出操作。
进一步地,所述步骤3中采用钴源或电子加速器对塑化尼龙材料进行辐照处理。
进一步地,所述步骤3中辐照处理时的辐照剂量为10kGy~200kGy。
进一步地,所述多官能团单体是TMPTA、TAC中的一种或者两种混合物。
进一步地,所述的热稳定剂是钙锌稳定剂、硬脂酸铝、硬脂酸钡、水滑石、纳米磷酸锆中的至少一种。
进一步地,所述的PTFE微粉分子量为10000Da~50000Da。
进一步地,所述的PTFE微粉目数为500目~8000目。
进一步地,所述的玻璃纤维线密度为1200tex~4800tex。
本发明具有如下有益效果:
本发明的改性耐磨高温尼龙的制备方法制备过程简单、操作简便、防护容易、成本低,符合实际生产要求。将尼龙6或尼龙66进行辐射交联,可显著提升材料的耐热性能、耐化学性等,以PTFE微粉及玻璃纤维进行物理改性,赋予尼龙6或尼龙66更加好的耐磨性和力学性能。从而使尼龙取代更高成本的热塑性工程塑料应用于高要求的塑料轴承领域。
附图说明
图1为实施例1中改性耐磨高温尼龙66与未处理尼龙66经摩擦磨损试验仪以200N试验力,试验时间2h试验后的磨损情况图。
具体实施方式
实施例1:
(1)取2810g尼龙66,100g三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯,40g硬脂酸钡,50g水滑石,300g乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物,200gPTFE微粉,1500g玻璃纤维加入高速混合机400~600rpm速率下混合15~20min。将混合好的材料投入双螺杆挤出机,螺杆温度260℃,主机转速300~400rpm,喂料转速600~800rpm,挤出造粒。将造粒后的粒子放入80℃的烘箱,烘3h备用;
(2)将部分烘干的粒子置于钴源伽马射线120kGy的吸收剂量下辐照,后置于50℃的烘箱中1h,充分去除小分子自由基。
(3)取上述辐照后的改性尼龙66粒子与未处理尼龙66粒子使用注塑机注塑成耐磨样片测试耐磨性能。
未处理尼龙66和改性耐磨高温尼龙66的耐磨性能如下表所示。
品名 | 磨耗/g |
未处理尼龙66 | 0.0156 |
改性耐磨高温尼龙66 | 0.0045 |
实施例2:
(1)取3000g尼龙66,50g三聚氰酸三烯丙酯,100g硬脂酸钡,50g锌钙稳定剂,300g乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物,500gPTFE微粉,1000g玻璃纤维加入高速混合机400~600rpm速率下混合15~20min。将混合好的材料投入双螺杆挤出机,螺杆温度260℃,主机转速300~400rpm,喂料转速600~800rpm,挤出造粒。将造粒后的粒子放入80℃的烘箱,烘3h备用;
(2)将部分烘干的粒子置于钴源伽马射线60kGy的吸收剂量下辐照2h,后置于50℃的烘箱中1h,充分去除小分子自由基。
(3)取上述辐照后的改性尼龙66粒子与未处理尼龙66粒子使用注塑机注塑成耐磨样片测试耐磨性能。
未处理尼龙66和改性耐磨高温尼龙66的耐磨性能如下表所示。
实施例3:
(1)取2610g尼龙6,50g三聚氰酸三烯丙酯,50g三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯,100g硬脂酸铝,200g纳米磷酸锆,240g乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物,250gPTFE微粉,1500g玻璃纤维加入高速混合机中400~600rpm速率下混合15~20min。将混合好的材料投入双螺杆挤出机,螺杆温度260℃,主机转速300~400rpm,喂料转速600~800rpm,挤出造粒。将造粒后的粒子放入80℃的烘箱,烘3h备用;
(2)将部分烘干的粒子置于钴源伽马射线60kGy的吸收剂量下辐照,后置于50℃的烘箱中1h,充分去除小分子自由基。
(3)取上述辐照后的改性耐磨高温尼龙6粒子与未处理尼龙6粒子使用注塑机注塑成耐磨样片测试耐磨性能。
未处理尼龙6和改性耐磨高温尼龙6的耐磨性能如下表所示。
品名 | 磨耗/g |
未处理尼龙6 | 0.0187 |
改性耐磨高温尼龙6 | 0.0036 |
实施例4:
(1)取2635尼龙66,75g三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯,200g钙锌稳定剂,100g硬脂酸钡,240g乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物,250gPTFE微粉,1500g玻璃纤维加入高速混合机400~600rpm下混合15~20min。将混合好的材料投入双螺杆挤出机,螺杆温度260℃,主机转速200~400rpm,喂料转速500~800rpm,挤出造粒。将造粒后的粒子放入80℃的烘箱,烘3h备用。
(2)将部分烘干的粒子置于钴源伽马射线100kGy的吸收剂量下辐照,后置于45℃的烘箱中1h,充分去除小分子自由基。取上述辐照后的改性尼龙66粒子与未辐照尼龙66粒子置于280℃的马弗炉中,加热1min以比较辐照前后的耐温性差异。
品名 | 耐温情况 |
未处理尼龙66 | 融化变黑 |
改性耐磨高温尼龙66 | 不融化且保持原有的物化性能 |
本发明的改性耐磨高温尼龙的制备方法制备过程简单、操作简便、防护容易、成本低,符合实际生产要求。将尼龙6或尼龙66进行辐射交联,可显著提升材料的耐热性能、耐化学性等,以PTFE微粉及玻璃纤维进行物理改性,赋予尼龙6或尼龙66更加好的耐磨性和力学性能。从而使尼龙取代更高成本的热塑性工程塑料应用于高要求的塑料轴承领域。
以上所述,仅是本发明的较佳实施例而已,并非对本发明作任何形式上的限制,任何熟悉本专业的技术人员,在不脱离本发明技术方案范围内,当可利用上述揭示的技术内容做出些许更动或修饰为等同变化的等效实施例,但凡是未脱离本发明技术方案内容,依据本发明的技术实质,在本发明的精神和原则之内,对以上实施例所作的任何简单的修改、等同替换与改进等,均仍属于本发明技术方案的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种改性耐磨高温尼龙的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
步骤1:按重量百分比称取如下物料:50%~60%的尼龙6或尼龙66、1%~5%的多官能团单体、0.2%~8%的热稳定剂、1%~8%的乙烯-乙酸乙烯共聚物、1%~20%的PTFE微粉、10%~50%的玻璃纤维,搅拌均匀得到混合料;
步骤2:将混合料通过挤出机挤出,得到塑化尼龙材料;
步骤3:将塑化尼龙材料进行辐照处理,得到改性耐磨高温尼龙。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种改性耐磨高温尼龙的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤2中将混合料通过挤出机挤出时采用双螺杆挤出机。
3.如权利要求2所述的一种改性耐磨高温尼龙的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤2中先将双螺杆挤出机预热到250℃~270℃后再执行挤出操作。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种改性耐磨高温尼龙的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤3中采用钴源或电子加速器对塑化尼龙材料进行辐照处理。
5.如权利要求4所述的一种改性耐磨高温尼龙的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤3中辐照处理时的辐照剂量为10kGy~200kGy。
6.如权利要求1所述的一种改性耐磨高温尼龙的制备方法,其特征在于,所述多官能团单体是TMPTA、TAC中的一种或者两种混合物。
7.如权利要求1所述的一种改性耐磨高温尼龙的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的热稳定剂是钙锌稳定剂、硬脂酸铝、硬脂酸钡、水滑石、纳米磷酸锆中的至少一种。
8.如权利要求1所述的一种改性耐磨高温尼龙的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的PTFE微粉分子量为10000Da~50000Da。
9.如权利要求1所述的一种改性耐磨高温尼龙的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的PTFE微粉目数为500目~8000目。
10.如权利要求1所述的一种改性耐磨高温尼龙的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的玻璃纤维线密度为1200tex~4800tex。
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