CN112156727A - Particle multi-bed circulation and airtight fluidized bed structure capable of being amplified in scale - Google Patents
Particle multi-bed circulation and airtight fluidized bed structure capable of being amplified in scale Download PDFInfo
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/18—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
- B01J8/24—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique
- B01J8/26—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique with two or more fluidised beds, e.g. reactor and regeneration installations
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Abstract
The invention discloses a particle multi-bed circulation and airtight fluidized bed structure capable of being enlarged in scale, which comprises a box body, wherein the box body is divided into an inner bed and an outer bed in the height direction, the inner bed is divided into a plurality of fluidization regions and at least one separation region in the horizontal direction, particle separation equipment with the same number as that of the fluidization regions is arranged in the separation region, the structure also comprises particle flow chambers with the same number as that of the fluidization regions, the particle flow chambers are arranged at the bottom of the inner bed in a mode of crossing the fluidization regions and the separation regions, and the upper part of one fluidization region is connected with the lower part of the other fluidization region through the particle separation equipment and the particle flow chambers in sequence to form a particle circulation channel with mutually sealed gas paths. The invention solves the problem that the circulating gas paths of the particles are mutually sealed in a multi-bed circulating mode, is not limited by operating temperature, pressure and materials, is not limited by gas-solid and liquid-solid systems, and is widely applicable to the fields of energy conversion, chemical engineering, mineral metallurgy, environmental management and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a fluidized bed reactor, in particular to a fluidized bed structure capable of realizing scale enlargement, particle multi-bed circulation and mutual air-tight air passages, which can be widely applied to the fields of energy conversion, chemical engineering, mineral metallurgy, environmental management and the like.
Background
Energy conversion, chemical engineering, mineral metallurgy and environmental management are major industries supporting the national industrial foundation, process discharge has obvious influence on surrounding ecological environment, in order to change the current situations, a large number of common problems such as pollutant separation control problems and the like are involved, the traditional separation control process has high energy consumption and large resource waste, and the treatment burden of industries and enterprises is increased.
In the energy field, the combustion power generation of coal and carbon-containing solid wastes generates a large amount of carbon dioxide, the emission of the carbon dioxide to the atmosphere is the main cause of global climate change, and the current solution adopts pure oxygen combustion or chemical looping combustion, the latter adopts double-bed operation, uses a metal oxygen carrier to complete oxygen transfer, purifies the pure carbon dioxide which can be properly treated, and the process has the highest energy efficiency and the best process economy. Hydrogen energy is a widely accepted clean energy source at present, and can be produced by electrolyzing water, chemical-looping circulating electricity or thermal conversion from a water raw material, so that the produced hydrogen is required to be pure, and downstream utilization and discharge are influenced. Generally speaking, the chemical chain circulation mode not only can directly control the pollution products such as carbon dioxide and the like to obtain clean energy, but also is a powerful means for improving the existing energy conversion. The carbon dioxide control generally needs double-bed particle circulation operation, while the hydrogen production needs further, and three-bed particle circulation operation is adopted, so that the requirements on process technology and control are higher. Other applications also include circulating fluidized bed combustion, circulating fluidized bed gasification, petroleum catalytic cracking, petroleum and natural gas catalytic reforming, and the like.
At present, the chemical chain circulation system is mainly realized in the form of a connected multi-body and multi-bed fluidized bed, and because the process is at the beginning of development, no examples of industrial application exist, research is in a laboratory or a pilot plant, and many basic configuration designs do not consider subsequent engineering amplification and final industrialization, which brings a gap between subsequent engineering and initial development. In addition, the application background mentioned above suggests that the traditional particle circulation type fluidized bed is basically a vertical bed type with a large height-diameter ratio, which may cause a problem that a gas supply head or a liquid supply head is required or energy consumption is high, so that a new bed type with a low height-diameter ratio needs to be explored to solve the problems of energy consumption and pressure head related to equipment.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a particle multi-bed circulating and airtight fluidized bed structure capable of being scaled up, and compared with the traditional vertical circulating fluidized bed, the particle multi-bed circulating and airtight fluidized bed structure has the advantages of good expansibility, small height-diameter ratio and low system power consumption.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the utility model provides a granule multi-bed circulation and airtight fluidized bed structure that can enlarge on a large scale, includes the box, the box divide into inner bed and outer bed in the direction of height, the inner bed is divided into a plurality of fluidization regions and at least one separation region in the horizontal direction, install the granule splitter with fluidization region quantity unanimous in the separation region, still include the granule flow chamber with fluidization region quantity unanimous, the granule flow chamber is arranged at the inner bed bottom with the mode of striding over fluidization region and separation region, granule flow chamber links to each other with another fluidization region lower part through granule splitter, granule flow chamber in proper order, constitutes the mutual inclosed granule circulation channel of gas circuit.
As an improvement of the invention, the outer bed is positioned below the inner bed, the outer bed is divided into a plurality of raw material gases or liquid chambers and a plurality of separation gas or liquid chambers in the horizontal direction, the raw material gases or liquid chambers are communicated with the fluidization region in a one-to-one correspondence mode, and the separation gas or liquid chambers are communicated with the particle flow chamber in a one-to-one correspondence mode.
Furthermore, gas or liquid distribution plates are arranged between the raw material gas or liquid chamber and the fluidization region and between the separation gas or liquid chamber and the particle flowing chamber.
Further, the gas or liquid introduced into the raw material gas or liquid chamber and the separation gas or liquid chamber is the same.
Further, the raw material gas or liquid chamber and the separation gas or liquid chamber are filled with different gases or liquids.
As a refinement of the invention, the particle separation apparatus is a cyclone.
As an improvement of the invention, the top surface of the particle flowing chamber is provided with a baffle plate which extends downwards and is separated from the bottom surface of the particle flowing chamber by a certain distance, and the direction of the baffle plate is coincided with or parallel to the partition walls of the fluidization region and the separation region.
Furthermore, the top surface of the particle flow chamber positioned in the separation area is communicated with a material return pipe of the particle separation equipment, and the upper part of the side surface of the particle flow chamber positioned in the fluidization area is provided with an opening.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1. according to the fluidized bed structure, the bed body can be expanded into any multi-bed structure along the horizontal direction, the fluidized bed structure can be simultaneously suitable for constructing small, medium and large fluidized bed reactors, and the height-diameter ratio of the fluidized bed can be designed to be smaller under the same scale, so that the power consumption of a system is smaller.
2. The particle flow chamber of the invention receives the particle materials from the particle separation equipment and returns the particle materials to the gas-solid or liquid-solid fluidization space, the size of the space of the particle flow chamber can ensure that the particle materials in the particle flow chamber can be stored to a certain extent so as to adapt to and coordinate the balance of overall particle conveying of the system, and meanwhile, the communication of gas or liquid at two sides can be isolated by reasonably setting the pressure at the communication position of the gas-solid or liquid-solid fluidization space, the pipe diameter of a material return pipe of the particle separation equipment and the fluidization speed of a particle system, so that the gas circuits of all fluidization spaces of the circulating channel are mutually sealed.
3. The fluidized bed structure is not limited by operation temperature, pressure and materials, is suitable for any gas-solid or liquid-solid system, and is widely suitable for various fields such as energy conversion, chemical engineering, mineral metallurgy, environmental management and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic top view of a multi-bed circulating fluidized bed of granules according to an embodiment of the present invention, which is illustrated by three beds;
FIG. 2 is a schematic forward view of a granular multi-bed circulating fluidized bed configuration according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the multi-bed circulation and gas-tight fluidized bed structure of the present embodiment is a particle multi-bed circulation and gas-tight fluidized bed structure which is horizontally or horizontally arranged and is configured to be divided into an upper inner bed and a lower outer bed in a height direction and to be further divided into a plurality of sections in a horizontal cross-sectional direction.
The division of the inner bed comprises three parts by function, 3 gas-solid or liquid-solid fluidization spaces (1a, 1b, 1c), 2 gas-solid or liquid-solid separation spaces (2a, 2b), and 3 particle flow chambers (3a, 3b, 3 c).
The outer bed is divided into a gas-solid or liquid-solid fluidized space corresponding to the gas or liquid chambers, and a particle flow chamber corresponding to the gas or liquid chambers, specifically, as shown in fig. 2, the outer bed comprises gas or liquid chambers (4a, 4c) and a gas or liquid chamber 5 c.
The chambers of the outer bed are separated from the spaces corresponding to the inner bed by gas or liquid distribution plates 6, which can optimize the uniformity of the fluidized particles in the gas or liquid flowing into the bed, the gas or liquid distribution plates 6 can be gas caps or liquid caps or directly porous, generate at least higher pressure to the corresponding gas or liquid than the particle layer in the bed, and the gas or liquid distribution plates 6 can circulate the gas or liquid but not the particles.
The raw gas or liquid and the separation gas or liquid can be the same or completely different, and are determined according to the actual reaction and the field arrangement.
In the inner bed, gas-solid or liquid-solid fluidization spaces (1a, 1b, 1c) are provided with a place where solid particles are fluidized under the action of gas or liquid, are separated from gas-solid or liquid-solid separation spaces (2a, 2b) by partition walls 7 and are communicated with each other through openings (8a, 8b, 8c) in the upper parts of the partition walls 7, so that the gas (or liquid) and the solid particles can be simultaneously circulated.
The gas-solid or liquid-solid separation space (2a, 2b) is provided with gas-solid or liquid-solid separation equipment (9a, 9b, 9c), the gas-solid or liquid-solid separation can be realized by adopting a cyclone separator, but is not limited to a cyclone separator structure, and other possible separation system configurations can be inclined plane sedimentation, differential sedimentation and the like, but can be a filtering type with particle flow blocking function.
The particle flow chambers (3a, 3b, 3c) are positioned at the bottom of the inner bed and span the gas-solid or liquid-solid fluidization spaces (1a, 1b, 1c) and the gas-solid or liquid-solid separation spaces (2a, 2b) which need to be connected, the particle flow chambers (3a, 3b, 3c) are internally provided with partition plates 10 arranged in the middle, and the partition plates 10 are closed to the top of the particle flow chambers but are open to the bottoms thereof, so that the particles can randomly flow in the spaces at both sides of the partition plates 10. In this embodiment, the partition 5 coincides with the partition wall 7.
In the particle flowing chambers (3a, 3b, 3c), circulating particles enter a space on one side of the partition plate 10 from a material return pipe of the gas-solid or liquid-solid separation equipment (9a, 9b, 9c), then enter a space on the other side from a communicated bottom opening, and finally return to the connected gas-solid or liquid-solid fluidizing spaces (1a, 1b, 1c) from a side opening of the side space close to the top.
The particle flow chamber (3a, 3b, 3c) of the present invention serves three main functions:
1) can receive the particle materials from the gas-solid or liquid-solid separation devices (9a, 9b, 9c) and send the particle materials to the gas-solid or liquid-solid fluidization spaces (1a, 1b, 1c) connected with the particle materials;
2) the size of the space of the system can be set to ensure that the particle materials in the system can be stored to a certain extent so as to adapt to and coordinate the balance of the overall particle conveying of the system;
3) meanwhile, the pressure head generated by self operation can realize the communication of gas or liquid at two sides, and the setting position of the pressure head depends on the pressure at the communication part of the gas-solid or liquid-solid fluidization spaces (1a, 1b and 1c), the pipe diameter of a return pipe of the gas-solid or liquid-solid separation equipment (9a, 9b and 9c) and the maximum fluidization speed of the adopted particle system. The basic principle is that one path of gas or liquid is rotated to cause the fluidization of particles in the gas or liquid, the pressure is generated to resist the pressure of equipment on two sides connected with the gas or liquid, and meanwhile, the fluidization of the particles in the gas or liquid can realize the free inflow and discharge of the particles.
Referring to fig. 1, the gas-solid or liquid-solid fluidization spaces (1a, 1b, 1c), the gas-solid or liquid-solid separation spaces (2a, 2b), and the particle flow chambers (3a, 3b, 3c) are connected in the following relationship:
the upper part of the gas-solid or liquid-solid fluidization space 1a is connected with an inlet of a gas-solid or liquid-solid separation device 9a in the gas-solid or liquid-solid separation space 2a, a discharge pipe of the gas-solid or liquid-solid separation device 9a is connected with the top surface of one side of the particle flowing chamber 3a, and an opening of the other side of the particle flowing chamber 3a is communicated with the lower part of the gas-solid or liquid-solid fluidization space 1 b; the upper part of the gas-solid or liquid-solid fluidization space 1b is connected with an inlet of a gas-solid or liquid-solid separation device 9b in the gas-solid or liquid-solid separation space 2a, a discharge pipe of the gas-solid or liquid-solid separation device 9b is connected with the top surface of one side of the particle flowing chamber 3b, and an opening of the other side of the particle flowing chamber 3b is communicated with the lower part of the gas-solid or liquid-solid fluidization space 1 c; the upper part of the gas-solid or liquid-solid fluidization space 1c is connected with an inlet of a gas-solid or liquid-solid separation device 9c in the gas-solid or liquid-solid separation space 2b, a discharge pipe of the gas-solid or liquid-solid separation device 9c is connected with the top surface of one side of the particle flowing chamber 3c, and an opening of the other side of the particle flowing chamber 3c is communicated with the lower part of the gas-solid or liquid-solid fluidization space 1a to form a circulation loop.
It is easy to understand that although the present embodiment has 3 fluidization spaces and 2 separation spaces, the specific division of the fluidization spaces and the separation spaces can be expanded according to the actual needs, for example, only 1 separation space can be provided, and 4 separation devices are installed therein, so that 4 fluidization spaces can be distributed outside the separation space to form a circulation loop.
The particles of the invention are in the following states during their travel: in the gas-solid or liquid-solid fluidization spaces (1a, 1b, 1c), the raw material gas or liquid from the respective bottom or liquid chamber is in a bubbling, or turbulent or fast-flowing state; the device is in adherent slipping motion in gas-solid or liquid-solid separation equipment (9a, 9b, 9c), and falls and flows in a feed back pipe in a positive pressure state or a negative pressure state; in the particle flow chambers (3a, 3b, 3c) a gas or liquid is brought into a bubbling or turbulent fluidized state by a separating gas or liquid from the respective bottom.
The gas or liquid flow of the invention is as follows: the raw material gas or liquid enters into the corresponding fluidization space from the corresponding raw material gas or liquid chamber, flows upwards to the separation device, enters into the exhaust pipe and the subsequent treatment device, and the separation gas or liquid of the separation gas or liquid chamber enters into the fluidization space to be mixed with the raw material gas or liquid.
The fluidized bed structure of the present invention may be constructed and established in the following manner: the metal (mainly carbon steel) box body with any section (square, rectangular or round, etc.) mainly prevents the leakage of system gas and liquid; the metal box body can be lifted by the supporting frame and keeps a certain distance from the ground, so that the access of pipelines and other unpredictable equipment is facilitated; and laying heat-insulating materials and refractory materials around the box body. Further horizontally arranging a gas or liquid distribution plate close to the bottom in the metal box body, building refractory bricks on the distribution plate to build a wall and divide the cross section, and paying attention to the fact that a preset opening is required to be left for building the wall; then a particle flow chamber and a separation device which are used for gas or liquid sealing are arranged, the material of the particle flow chamber and the separation device can be fireproof or direct metal, and a return pipe and other various interfaces between the particle flow chamber and the separation device are connected according to specific requirements. And finally, capping the top cover comprising the preset air outlet or liquid outlet pipeline interface with a refractory material.
In summary, the fluidized bed structure of the present invention has the following outstanding features:
the first outstanding characteristic of the invention is that the multi-bed circulating fluidized bed configuration fully considers the butt joint of research and development with future industrialized scale and realization requirements, the design configuration can be simultaneously suitable for different fluidized bed scales of small, medium and large scale, can be constructed in the same design configuration, and can be directly copied into the industrialized fluidized bed reactor configuration, and no structural transformation is needed in any intermediate stage, thereby greatly reducing the problems of engineering research and development and amplification.
The second outstanding characteristic of the invention is that the connection of double bed, three bed and even more beds can be simply expanded and realized, the expanding thought and the actual practical configuration are very clear.
The third outstanding characteristic of the invention is different from the outstanding characteristics of any existing and traditional vertical circulating fluidized bed, and is embodied in that the height-diameter ratio of the related device structure is smaller, the power consumption of the system is smaller, the process energy consumption is not deteriorated when the subsequent equipment is amplified, and the pressure head exceeds the existing commercial supply capacity.
The fourth outstanding characteristic of the invention is that the configuration of the multi-bed particle circulating fluidized bed is not limited by the operation temperature, pressure and materials, and is simultaneously suitable for any gas-solid or liquid-solid system. The invention is widely applied to the fields of energy conversion, chemical engineering, mineral metallurgy, environmental management and the like.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical concept and features of the present invention, and the purpose thereof is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the contents of the present invention and implement the present invention accordingly, and not to limit the protection scope of the present invention accordingly. All equivalent changes or modifications made in accordance with the spirit of the present disclosure are intended to be covered by the scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (8)
1. A multi-bed circulation of particles and gas-tight fluidized bed structure that can be scaled up, includes the box, its characterized in that: the box body is divided into an inner bed and an outer bed in the height direction, the inner bed is divided into a plurality of fluidization regions and at least one separation region in the horizontal direction, particle separation equipment with the same number as the fluidization regions is installed in the separation region, the box body further comprises particle flow chambers with the same number as the fluidization regions, the particle flow chambers are arranged at the bottom of the inner bed in a mode of crossing the fluidization regions and the separation regions, the upper part of one fluidization region is connected with the lower part of the other fluidization region through the particle separation equipment and the particle flow chambers in sequence, and a particle circulation channel with mutually sealed gas channels is formed.
2. A scalable multi-bed granular circulation and gas-tight fluidized bed structure according to claim 1, wherein: the outer bed is positioned below the inner bed, the outer bed is divided into a plurality of feed gases or liquid chambers and a plurality of separation gas or liquid chambers in the horizontal direction, the feed gases or liquid chambers are communicated with the fluidization area in a one-to-one correspondence mode, and the separation gas or liquid chambers are communicated with the particle flowing chamber in a one-to-one correspondence mode.
3. A scalable multi-bed granular circulation and gas-tight fluidized bed structure according to claim 2, wherein: gas or liquid distribution plates are arranged between the raw material gas or liquid chamber and the fluidization region and between the separation gas or liquid chamber and the particle flowing chamber.
4. A scalable multi-bed granular circulation and gas-tight fluidized bed structure according to claim 2, wherein: the raw material gas or liquid chamber and the gas or liquid introduced into the separation gas or liquid chamber are the same.
5. A scalable multi-bed granular circulation and gas-tight fluidized bed structure according to claim 2, wherein: the raw material gas or liquid chamber and the separation gas or liquid chamber are filled with different gases or liquids.
6. A scalable multi-bed circulation and gas-tight fluidized bed structure of particles according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the particle separating equipment is a cyclone separator.
7. A scalable multi-bed granular circulation and gas-tight fluidized bed structure according to claim 1, wherein: the top surface of the particle flowing chamber is provided with a baffle plate which extends downwards and is separated from the bottom surface of the particle flowing chamber by a certain distance, and the arrangement direction of the baffle plate is coincided with or parallel to the partition walls of the fluidization region and the separation region.
8. A scalable multi-bed granular circulation and gas-tight fluidized bed structure according to claim 7, wherein: the top surface of the particle flow chamber positioned in the separation zone is communicated with a material return pipe of the particle separation equipment, and the upper part of the side surface of the particle flow chamber positioned in the fluidization zone is provided with an opening.
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