CN107723009B - Solid organic matter gasification reactor - Google Patents
Solid organic matter gasification reactor Download PDFInfo
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- CN107723009B CN107723009B CN201711008734.4A CN201711008734A CN107723009B CN 107723009 B CN107723009 B CN 107723009B CN 201711008734 A CN201711008734 A CN 201711008734A CN 107723009 B CN107723009 B CN 107723009B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
- C10B53/04—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of powdered coal
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
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Abstract
The invention relates to a solid organic matter gasification reactor, which comprises a pyrolysis gasification reaction zone, a reforming reaction zone and a gas filtering zone, wherein the reforming reaction zone is arranged at the side end of the pyrolysis gasification reaction zone; the top of the pyrolysis gasification reaction zone is provided with a material inlet and a first catalyst inlet; the pyrolysis gasification reaction zone is separated from the reforming reaction zone by a partition plate, and is communicated with the bottom of the reforming reaction zone to form a communication zone, and a material returning valve is arranged at the lower end of the communication zone; the top of the reforming reaction zone is respectively provided with a gas product outlet and a second catalyst inlet; the gas filtering zone is arranged between the reforming reaction zone and the gas product outlet, the top is provided with a third catalyst inlet, and the lower part is provided with a regulating valve. The pyrolysis gasification, reforming and filtering are combined in one reactor, and the reactor has the remarkable advantages of low tar content and high heat value of gas-phase products, compact structure and easy arrangement.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of energy utilization, and particularly relates to a solid organic matter gasification reactor.
Background
When solid organic matters such as coal, biomass, municipal solid waste and the like are pyrolyzed under different reaction conditions, gas, liquid and solid three-phase products are generated. The synthesis gas is prepared by gasification, and is one of the most development potential technologies of coal, biomass, municipal solid waste and other energy sources.
The gasification technology can be classified into a gasification technology using a gasifying agent and a gasification technology not using a gasifying agent according to whether a gasifying agent is used. Gasification using a gasifying agent may be classified into air gasification, oxygen gasification, steam gasification, carbon dioxide gasification, mixed gasification, and the like. It has been found that the gasification reaction process using the gasifying agent is a complex multi-component and multi-type chemical reaction system including oxidation reaction, reduction reaction, and cracking of solid materials. Since the gasification reaction is generally an endothermic reaction, sufficient heat must be provided to maintain the reaction in progress, the gasifying agent is typically selected to include air or oxygen. Air is used as a gasifying agent, and because the air contains a large amount of nitrogen, the heat value of the synthesis gas in the product is low, and the subsequent separation cost is high; the use of oxygen as the gasifying agent requires the addition of a set of air separation equipment. The gasification reaction is carried out under the condition of complete oxygen-free condition, and has the advantages of high heat value of products and simple reaction process, but how to provide an external heat source becomes a key problem, so the design of the gasification reactor is important.
The gasification reactor is mainly divided into a fixed bed gasification furnace and a fluidized bed gasification furnace. The fixed bed gasification furnace can be divided into a downdraft type, an updraft type, a horizontal suction type, a open center type and the like according to different gas outlets and furnace type structures, and has the advantages of simple structure, firmness, durability, convenient and reliable operation and low operation and investment cost; the method has the defects that the internal reaction process is difficult to control, the heat transfer and mass transfer are poor, tar and bridging are easy to generate, the production strength is low, and the method is not suitable for the requirement of large-scale development. The fluidized bed gasification furnace can be divided into a bubbling fluidized bed, a circulating fluidized bed, an entrained flow bed and the like according to the fluidization state, and has the advantages of uniform heat and mass transfer, high gasification reaction speed, high carbon conversion rate and easy industrial amplification; the defects are that the equipment structure is complex, the fixed investment is large, the raw materials need to be crushed and refined, the ash content in the combustible gas is high, and tar exists.
At present, the main obstacle limiting the development and industrialization of gasification technology is the elimination of by-product tar. The presence of tar is prone to plugging, corrosion and equipment damage to the gasification system, leading to deactivation of downstream catalysts, serious environmental pollution, and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the solid organic matter gasification reactor, which realizes the combination of pyrolysis gasification, reforming and filtration in one reactor and has the remarkable advantages of low tar content of gas-phase products, high heat value, compact structure and easy arrangement.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a solid organic matter gasification reactor comprises a pyrolysis gasification reaction zone, a reforming reaction zone and a gas filtering zone, wherein the reforming reaction zone is arranged at the side end of the pyrolysis gasification reaction zone;
the top of the pyrolysis gasification reaction zone is provided with a material inlet and a first catalyst inlet; the pyrolysis gasification reaction zone is separated from the reforming reaction zone by a partition plate, and is communicated with the bottom of the reforming reaction zone to form a communication zone, and a material returning valve is arranged at the lower end of the communication zone; the top of the reforming reaction zone is respectively provided with a gas product outlet and a second catalyst inlet;
the gas filtering zone is arranged between the reforming reaction zone and the gas product outlet, the top is provided with a third catalyst inlet, and the lower part is provided with a regulating valve.
In the technical scheme, raw material solid organic matter particles enter from a material inlet, a pyrolysis gasification catalyst enters from a first catalyst inlet, rapid mixing heating and violent reaction are realized in a pyrolysis gasification reaction zone through mutual collision, gas phase products generated in the pyrolysis gasification reaction zone enter a reforming reaction zone, contact with the catalyst in the reforming reaction zone and react continuously, and tar is eliminated; the reacted gas enters a gas filtering area for further reaction and plays a role in filtering dust in gas-phase products. The catalysts after the pyrolysis gasification reaction zone and the reforming reaction zone are converged in the communication zone and enter a catalyst regeneration system through a material returning valve.
Preferably, the solid organic matter particles comprise coal, biomass, municipal solid waste and the like.
Preferably, the wall surface of the gas filtering area, which is contacted with the reforming reaction area and the gas product outlet, adopts a screen.
Preferably, the mesh has a pore size smaller than the particle size of the catalyst in the gas filtration zone.
Preferably, the reaction state in the gas filtering area is a moving bed, and the falling speed of the catalyst is controlled by adjusting the regulating valve.
Preferably, a plurality of material mixing plates are arranged in the pyrolysis gasification reaction zone; the material mixing plates are triangular prism-shaped, are arranged in parallel and are arranged in a layered and staggered mode, and the number of layers of the material mixing plates is 2-30. The material mixing plate can increase the contact area between the solid organic matter particles and the catalyst, and promote the reaction to be complete. More preferably 8 to 10 layers.
Preferably, a plurality of material mixing plates are arranged in the reforming reaction zone; the material mixing plates are triangular prism-shaped, are arranged in parallel and are arranged in a layered and staggered mode, and the number of layers of the material mixing plates is 2-30. The material mixing plate can increase the contact area between the gas-phase product and the catalyst and promote the reaction to be complete. More preferably 2 to 4 layers.
Preferably, the cross section of the material mixing plate is an isosceles triangle, and the vertex angle range is 45-90 degrees.
Preferably, the first catalyst inlet is vertically arranged at the top of the pyrolysis gasification reaction zone; the material inlets comprise two material inlets which are respectively and obliquely arranged at the top of the pyrolysis gasification reaction zone.
Preferably, the two material inlets are symmetrically arranged at the top of the pyrolysis gasification reaction zone, and the included angle between the material inlet and the first catalyst inlet is 15-75 degrees.
Preferably, the second catalyst inlet and the third catalyst inlet are vertically arranged at the top of the reforming reaction zone in parallel.
Preferably, the reforming reaction zone comprises two reforming reaction zones which are symmetrically arranged at two sides of the pyrolysis gasification reaction zone.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the solid organic matter gasification reactor provided by the invention does not need fluidization wind, realizes the combination of pyrolysis gasification, reforming and filtration through structural design, and has the remarkable advantages of low tar content of gas-phase products, high heat value, compact structure and easiness in arrangement.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a solid organic matter gasification reactor according to an embodiment.
Wherein, 1, pyrolysis gasification reaction zone; 2. a reforming reaction zone; 3. a gas filtration zone; 4. a partition plate; 5. a material mixing plate; 6. a screen; 7. a gaseous product outlet; 8. a communication region; 9. a material inlet; 10. a first catalyst inlet; 11. a second catalyst inlet; 12. a third catalyst inlet; 13. a return valve; 14. and (3) regulating the valve.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to specific examples.
Examples
As shown in fig. 1, the solid organic matter gasification reactor includes a pyrolysis gasification reaction zone 1, reforming reaction zones 2 disposed at both sides of the pyrolysis gasification reaction zone 1, and a gas filtering zone 3.
Wherein, the overall shape of the pyrolysis gasification reaction zone 1 can be a vertical cuboid in actual production, the top is provided with two material inlets 9 and a first catalyst inlet 10, and the bottom is open. The first catalyst inlet 10 is vertically arranged at the top of the pyrolysis gasification reaction zone 1, and the two material inlets 9 are respectively and symmetrically arranged at the top of the pyrolysis gasification reaction zone 1 in an inclined manner, wherein the included angle between each material inlet 9 and the first catalyst inlet 10 is 40 degrees.
Since the reforming reaction zones 2 on both sides of the pyrolysis gasification reaction zone 1 are symmetrically disposed, only one side of the reforming reaction zone 2 is described herein. The pyrolysis gasification reaction zone 1 and the reforming reaction zone 2 on both sides are arranged in the reactor. The pyrolysis gasification reaction zone 1 and the reforming reaction zone 2 are separated through a partition plate 4, the pyrolysis gasification reaction zone 1 is communicated with the bottoms of the reforming reaction zones 2 on two sides to form a communication zone 8, a material returning valve 13 is arranged at the lower end of the communication zone 8, and the material returning valve 13 has a self-sealing function.
The top of the reforming reaction zone 2 is provided with a gas product outlet 7 and a second catalyst inlet 11, respectively. The gas filtering area 3 is arranged between the reforming reaction area 2 and the gas product outlet 7, the top is provided with a third catalyst inlet 12, the lower part is provided with a regulating valve 14, the reaction state in the gas filtering area 3 is a moving bed, and the falling speed of the catalyst is controlled by regulating the regulating valve 14. The wall surface of the gas filtering area 3, which is in contact with the reforming reaction area 2 and the gas product outlet 7, adopts a screen 6, and the pore diameter of the screen 6 is smaller than the particle diameter of the catalyst in the gas filtering area 3. In addition, a second catalyst inlet 11 and a third catalyst inlet 12 are vertically disposed in parallel at the top of the reforming reaction zone 2.
In addition, a plurality of material mixing plates 5 are arranged in the pyrolysis gasification reaction zone 1 and the reforming reaction zone 2, the shape of the material mixing plates 5 is a Mitsubishi column, and two ends of the material mixing plates 5 are respectively fixed on two side wall surfaces of the pyrolysis gasification reaction zone 1 and the reforming reaction zone 2. The cross section of the material mixing plate is isosceles triangle, the angle of the vertex angle is 90 degrees, the material mixing plates are arranged in parallel and in layered dislocation arrangement, the number of layers of the material mixing plate in the pyrolysis gasification reaction zone 1 is 9, and the number of layers of the material mixing plate in the reforming reaction zone 2 is 3.
The working process is as follows:
the solid organic matter particles of the raw materials are introduced into the material inlet 9, the solid organic matters can be coal, biomass, municipal solid waste and the like, the pyrolysis gasification catalyst is introduced into the first catalyst inlet 10, and the two materials are mutually collided to realize rapid mixing heating and violent reaction in the pyrolysis gasification reaction zone 1, and a plurality of material mixing plates 5 in the pyrolysis gasification reaction zone 1 promote the contact reaction of the raw materials and the pyrolysis gasification catalyst.
Because the U-shaped structures of the pyrolysis gasification reaction zone 1 and the reforming reaction zone 2 are arranged, gas-phase products generated in the pyrolysis gasification reaction zone 1 can enter the reforming reaction zone 2 from the bottom of the pyrolysis gasification reaction zone 1, contact with the catalyst in the reforming reaction zone 2 for continuous reaction, tar is eliminated, and the catalyst in the reforming reaction zone 2 is introduced through the second catalyst inlet 11. The contact reaction of the gas phase product with the catalyst is also promoted by the several material mixing plates 5 in the reforming reaction zone 2.
The reacted gas enters the gas filtering area 3 for further reaction, and the filtered catalyst is introduced from the third catalyst inlet 12 and plays a role in filtering dust in the gas-phase product. The catalyst after the pyrolysis gasification reaction zone 1 and the reforming reaction zone 2 are converged in the communication zone 8 and enter a catalyst regeneration system through a return valve 13.
Claims (6)
1. The solid organic matter gasification reactor is characterized by comprising a pyrolysis gasification reaction zone, a reforming reaction zone and a gas filtering zone, wherein the reforming reaction zone is arranged at the side end of the pyrolysis gasification reaction zone;
the top of the pyrolysis gasification reaction zone is provided with a material inlet and a first catalyst inlet; the pyrolysis gasification reaction zone is separated from the reforming reaction zone by a partition plate, and is communicated with the bottom of the reforming reaction zone to form a communication zone, and a material returning valve is arranged at the lower end of the communication zone; the top of the reforming reaction zone is respectively provided with a gas product outlet and a second catalyst inlet;
the gas filtering zone is arranged between the reforming reaction zone and the gas product outlet, the top is provided with a third catalyst inlet, and the lower part is provided with a regulating valve;
the wall surface of the gas filtering area, which is contacted with the reforming reaction area and the gas product outlet, adopts a screen;
the pore diameter of the screen is smaller than the particle diameter of the catalyst in the gas filtering area;
a plurality of material mixing plates are arranged in the pyrolysis gasification reaction zone; the material mixing plates in the pyrolysis gasification reaction zone are triangular prism-shaped, are arranged in parallel and are arranged in a layered and staggered manner, and the number of layers of the material mixing plates in the pyrolysis gasification reaction zone is 2-30;
a plurality of material mixing plates are arranged in the reforming reaction zone; the material mixing plates in the reforming reaction zone are triangular prism-shaped, are arranged in parallel and are arranged in a layered and staggered mode, and the number of layers of the material mixing plates in the reforming reaction zone is 2-30.
2. The solid organic matter gasifying reactor according to claim 1, wherein the cross section of the material mixing plate is isosceles triangle, and the vertex angle is in the range of 45-90 °.
3. The solid organic matter gasification reactor according to claim 1, wherein the first catalyst inlet is vertically disposed at the top of the pyrolysis gasification reaction zone; the material inlets comprise two material inlets which are respectively and obliquely arranged at the top of the pyrolysis gasification reaction zone.
4. A solid organic matter gasifying reactor according to claim 3, wherein two of the material inlets are symmetrically arranged at the top of the pyrolysis gasification reaction zone, and the included angle between the material inlet and the first catalyst inlet is 15-75 °.
5. The solid organic matter gasifying reactor according to claim 1, wherein the second catalyst inlet and the third catalyst inlet are vertically arranged in parallel at the top of the reforming reaction zone.
6. The solid organic matter gasification reactor according to claim 1, wherein the reforming reaction zone comprises two reforming reaction zones symmetrically disposed on both sides of the pyrolysis gasification reaction zone.
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| CN201711008734.4A CN107723009B (en) | 2017-10-25 | 2017-10-25 | Solid organic matter gasification reactor |
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| CN201711008734.4A CN107723009B (en) | 2017-10-25 | 2017-10-25 | Solid organic matter gasification reactor |
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| CN107723009A CN107723009A (en) | 2018-02-23 |
| CN107723009B true CN107723009B (en) | 2023-09-15 |
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| CN111073706A (en) * | 2020-01-06 | 2020-04-28 | 浙江科技学院 | Domestic waste gasification treatment system with chlorine removal function |
| CN111548811A (en) * | 2020-05-22 | 2020-08-18 | 洛阳建材建筑设计研究院有限公司 | Three-stage catalyst system in garbage gasifier and method for catalytically cracking tar |
| CN112126450B (en) * | 2020-09-29 | 2021-05-04 | 华中科技大学 | Light-gathering pyrolysis catalytic reforming system and method based on spectrum splitting |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101021334A (en) * | 2007-03-16 | 2007-08-22 | 合肥工业大学 | Internal-combustion heating type biomass gasification furnace |
| CN203269882U (en) * | 2013-04-07 | 2013-11-06 | 邢力 | Pyrolysis catalysis gasifier for domestic garbage |
| CN103740411A (en) * | 2014-01-14 | 2014-04-23 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Novel lignite gasification reactor and system |
| CN104031693A (en) * | 2014-05-21 | 2014-09-10 | 梁鹏 | Integrated device and process for carrying out desulfurization, dust removal and modification on coal-pyrolyzed gas |
| CN207987104U (en) * | 2017-10-25 | 2018-10-19 | 浙江科技学院 | A kind of SOLID ORGANIC matter gasification reactor |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20070089367A1 (en) * | 2005-10-26 | 2007-04-26 | Goddard Edward P | Multi pass gasifier |
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Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101021334A (en) * | 2007-03-16 | 2007-08-22 | 合肥工业大学 | Internal-combustion heating type biomass gasification furnace |
| CN203269882U (en) * | 2013-04-07 | 2013-11-06 | 邢力 | Pyrolysis catalysis gasifier for domestic garbage |
| CN103740411A (en) * | 2014-01-14 | 2014-04-23 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Novel lignite gasification reactor and system |
| CN104031693A (en) * | 2014-05-21 | 2014-09-10 | 梁鹏 | Integrated device and process for carrying out desulfurization, dust removal and modification on coal-pyrolyzed gas |
| CN207987104U (en) * | 2017-10-25 | 2018-10-19 | 浙江科技学院 | A kind of SOLID ORGANIC matter gasification reactor |
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