CN106590757A - Device and method for segmented-oxygen-blowing catalytic coal gasification - Google Patents

Device and method for segmented-oxygen-blowing catalytic coal gasification Download PDF

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CN106590757A
CN106590757A CN201510666051.2A CN201510666051A CN106590757A CN 106590757 A CN106590757 A CN 106590757A CN 201510666051 A CN201510666051 A CN 201510666051A CN 106590757 A CN106590757 A CN 106590757A
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coal
reactor
pipe
catalytic
oxygen
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高攀
顾松园
钟思青
齐国祯
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China Petroleum and Chemical Corp
Sinopec Shanghai Research Institute of Petrochemical Technology
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China Petroleum and Chemical Corp
Sinopec Shanghai Research Institute of Petrochemical Technology
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Abstract

The invention relates to a device for segmented-oxygen-blowing catalytic coal gasification. The device is mainly used for solving the problems that the temperature and concentration in a reactor are non-uniform in distribution and the efficiency of carbon conversion is relatively low. By a technical scheme that the device disclosed by the invention mainly comprises a gasifying agent inlet (1), an oxygen-enriched air inlet (7), a reactor dense-phase zone (13), a reactor dilute-phase zone (15), a primary cyclone separator (18) and a secondary cyclone separator (20), wherein the lower end of the fluidized-bed reactor dense-phase zone (13) is connected with an ash hopper (11), a lower part opening of the reactor dense-phase zone (13) is connected with a powder coal charging opening (3) and a primary powder coal circulating charging pipe (12), the primary cyclone separator (18) is connected with a reactor outlet (8), the secondary cyclone separator (20) is connected with the primary cyclone separator (18), and unreacted powder coal enters the reactor dilute-phase zone (15) through a secondary powder coal circulating charging opening (14), the technical problems are better solved, so that the device can be applied to the production of catalytic coal gasification industry.

Description

The device and method of segmentation oxygen blast catalytic coal gasifaction
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of device and method with segmentation oxygen blast catalytic coal gasifaction.
Background technology
Coal, oil, natural gas are three big primary energy of the world, and wherein coal accounts for 79% in world's energy reserve, oil 12% is accounted for natural gas.Coal is to produce one of main fuel resource of power, heat, coal tar processing and by-product pitch.With stone Oily resource it is increasingly in short supply, effectively utilizes coal resources become China's energy sustainable development one is tactful.But it is big at present Amount coal is directly burnt, not only waste of resource but also pollution environment.At present, considerable part acid rain, flying dust, SOx and The greenhouse gases of NOx.Therefore, the coal conversion technology for the purpose of reducing pollution receives greatly attention.Numerous In coal utilization technology, coal gasification is the basic technology of Coal Energy Source conversion, and most important technique mistake in Development of Coal Chemical Industry Journey.
At present, external industrialized Coal Gasification Technology can be divided three classes, i.e. the fixed bed gasification with Lurgi technologies as representative Technology, the fluidized gasification technology with HTW technologies as representative, and with Texaco, Shell, multi-products production gasification skill Art is the entrained flow bed gasification technology of representative.Airflow bed gasification furnace gasification temperature is high with pressure, load is big, coal wide accommodation, It is the main flow of current Coal Gasification Technology development.External industrialized coal gasification entrained flow bed gasification technology mainly has The GE Texaco gasification technologies of raw material, E~Gas gasification technologies, the Shell gasification technologies with dried coal powder as raw material, Prenflo Gasification technology, GSP gasification technologies etc..The air-flow bed coal-gasification stove that external industrialization or document report have completed pilot scale is main There are K~T gasification technologies, GSP gasification technologies etc..External industrialization or document report have completed the air flow bed coal gas of pilot scale Changing stove mainly has K~T, Shell, Prenflo, GSP, Texaco, E~Gas, Eagle etc..Domestic air-flow bed coal-gasification skill Art mainly has multi-products production gasification technology and two sections of dry coal powder gasification technologies.
China be one with the country that coal is main energy resource structure, will not change in the future for a long period of time.Realize coal The efficient clean utilization of charcoal is countries in the world, and especially China realizes the key of energy sustainable development.When the energy that the whole world faces Source and environmental problem, the development for New Coal Chemical provide unprecedented opportunities, at present, the coal gas chemical industry of comparative maturity The gasification temperature of skill is general more than 1000 DEG C, this is because, Neng Gouman very fast in this temperature most of the above coal gasification speed The requirement of sufficient practical application.These gasification technologies have the drawback that the high purification difficulty to generating gas of reaction temperature, energy consumption It is big and high to equipment requirements, to generate the intensity of cooling of gas big etc., has thus directly promoted the research of catalytic coal gasifaction.
USP4,057,402 proposes a kind of fluidized gasification process, and coal is adopted in the laggard fluidized bed reactor of pretreatment Lime-ash is excluded with ash agglomerating method, flying dust elder generation Jing stoves internal cyclone separators are separated, then Jing stove external cyclones separator is separated, and circulation contains Carbon flying dust returns gasification installation, described gasification, stove internal cyclone separation under the condition of high temperature to be first passed through from molten poly- separating pipe Device, so higher to its material requirement, flying dust is circulated by melting the separator for gathering ash, and operational control is difficult.
US4,077,778 proposes using multistage fluidized bed coal catalytic gasification technique, eliminates the deficiency of former catalysis gasification technique, makes More efficient the carrying out of gasification, makes full use of charging carbon resource, improves efficiency of carbon con version.Main fluidized-bed operating gas velocity is higher, by portion Divide carbon granule to carry secretly to secondary streams bed, gasification reaction is carried out under compared with low gas velocity, increase the time of staying of solid particle, most Limits improve efficiency of carbon con version.Multistage fluidized bed coal catalytic gasification technique adopts multiple fluidized-bed reactors, and equipment investment is huge, Operation is more complicated.
GPE companies of the U.S. are made further research on the basis of EXXON Technologies, and US20070000177AI is public The technique for having opened coal one-step method methane, catalyst are alkali metal oxide or alkali metal salt, and gasifying agent is vapor, its master Technical characteristic is wanted in addition to adding efficient methanation catalyst, calcium oxide is also added into in the middle of the coal dust of reaction, is absorbed The carbon dioxide that course of reaction is produced, further improves methane content, and the determination of above-mentioned technique is due to adding methane to generate Catalyst, but high temperature does not utilize the generation of methane, and, at 700 DEG C or so, response speed is slow for reaction temperature general control, needs Being additionally provided heat maintains reaction temperature, these technologies to be also still in development.
In sum, main using traditional aeration operation in above-mentioned document, charcoal percent conversion is not high, unreacted coal dust amount compared with Greatly, for subsequent technique purification, separation etc. bring huge difficulty, are susceptible to pipeline blockage phenomenon, cause the equipment can not It is normal to run, and the present invention targetedly solves these problems.
The content of the invention
Present invention mainly solves one of technical problem be that temperature in pre-existing reactors, concentration distribution be uneven, efficiency of carbon con version is low Problem, there is provided a kind of reaction unit of new catalytic coal gasifaction.In the combination unit fluidized-bed reactor have emulsion zone and Freeboard temperature is evenly distributed, and charcoal percent conversion is high, the characteristics of after separation, ash content is high, simultaneously because the spy of this reactor Different property so that the activity of its catalyst is higher, and coal ash can effectively discharge reactor, it is ensured that reaction it is efficient with it is stable.
The two of the technical problem to be solved be to provide it is a kind of with solve the corresponding reaction method of one of technical problem.
To solve one of above-mentioned technical problem, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:A kind of segmentation oxygen blast catalytic coal gasifaction is anti- The device answered, mainly includes:Catalytic gasification ash separative element, catalytic coal gasifaction unit and unreacted coal dust cycling element structure Into described catalytic gasification ash separative element is by gasifying agent air inlet pipe 26, circular cone distribution grid 2, coal dust charging aperture 3, center Jet pipe 23, annular release pipe 24, ash bucket 11, slag-drip opening 9 are constituted, and circular cone distribution grid 2 is located at gasifying agent air inlet pipe 26 , in inverted cone, there are equally distributed gas outlet 27,2 lower end of circular cone distribution grid and annular point in top on circular cone distribution grid 2 From pipe 24 upper end connect, central jet pipe 23 be located at annular release pipe 24 centre, the lower end of annular release pipe 24 with Ash bucket 11 is connected, and has annular release pipe air inlet 10 and slag-drip opening 9 on ash bucket 11;Described catalytic coal gasifaction unit has circle Shape body of heater 4, reactor emulsion zone 13, reactor dilute-phase zone 15 are connected by reducing pipe 28, reactor emulsion zone 13 There are fine coal charging aperture 3 and one-level fine coal recycle feed pipe 12, reactor dilute-phase zone 15 has oxygen-enriched air import 7, second patent flour Coal recycle feed mouth 14 and gasifier gas outlet 8;Described unreacted coal dust cycling element is by primary cyclone 18 and secondary cyclone 20 constitute, 18 bottom of primary cyclone is connected with one-level fine coal circulating solid tube 19, one Level fine coal recycle feed pipe 12 and one-level returning charge trachea 16, it is vertical that 20 bottom of secondary cyclone is connected with the circulation of second patent flour coal Pipe 21, second patent flour coal recycle feed pipe 14 and two grades of returning charge tracheas 17.
In above-mentioned technical proposal, the percent opening of the circular cone distribution grid 2 is 1%~2%, and aperture is 1~4mm, element of cone Angle with central shaft is 30~45 °.The element of cone of reducing pipe 28 and the angle of centrage are 15~30 °.Reactor master External body is connected to primary cyclone 18 and secondary cyclone 20, the coal dust circulation pipe of primary cyclone 18 12 are connected with reactor emulsion zone 13, at 30~60cm above circular cone distribution grid 2, in reactor emulsion zone 13 25~45 ° of heart wire clamp angle.The coal dust circulation pipe 14 of secondary cyclone 20 is connected with reactor dilute-phase zone 15, tapered 25~45 ° of centerlines above pipe 28 at 10~30cm, with reactor dilute-phase zone 15.Oxygen-enriched air import 7 is gradually Above the draw 28 at 10~30cm, the centerlines with reactor dilute-phase zone 15 are 45~60 °.
For solve the above problems two, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:A kind of segmentation oxygen blast catalytic coal gasification Method, using above-mentioned reaction unit, comprises the steps:
A 26 Jing circular cones distribution grid 2 of () gasifying agent autopneumatolysis agent air inlet pipe enters reactor emulsion zone 13, with supported catalyst Coal dust mixing after reacted, produce synthesis gas, unreacted obtains coal dust and enters back into reactor dilute-phase zone 15, and from oxygen-enriched The oxygen of air intlet 7 carries out part burning and regasifies reaction;
B () reacted product is carried treats unreacted coal dust and catalyst through primary cyclone 18 and two grades of whirlwind Separator 20, the unreacted coal dust and catalyst after separation have respectively entered reactor emulsion zone 13 and reactor dilute-phase zone Continue reaction in 15;
In above-mentioned technical proposal, the oxygen coal ratio is 0.3~1Nm3/ kg, steam coal weight ratio are 1~2.5, and granularity is 20~200 μm, the weight ratio of catalyst and coal is (0.05~0.20):1, oxygen enrichment percentage is 5~10%, and reactor emulsion zone 13 is warm Degree maintains 750~850 DEG C, and 15 temperature of reactor dilute-phase zone maintains 650~800 DEG C, and 23 temperature of central jet pipe is maintained Between 1300~1500 DEG C, reaction pressure is calculated as 0.1~3.5MPa with gauge pressure.
The device and method of segmentation oxygen blast catalytic coal gasification of the present invention.
Due in the course of reaction of catalytic coal gasifaction, it is desirable to which gas-solid carries out quick mixing contact, gasification temperature is stable.And ability Well known to domain, general fluidized-bed reactor used in prior art, its feature is that reactor upper temp is too low, it is impossible to Gasification reaction is carried out, is increased separation and is met and reaction time, it is totally unfavorable to reacting.Therefore using the segmentation reaction of the present invention Device, which is similar to upper and lower reaction compartment temperature constant, gasification temperature is maintained convenient section, will so effectively improve anti- Efficiency is answered, later separation burden is reduced, and then is improved gasification efficiency.
Using technical scheme:26 Jing circular cones distribution grid 2 of the gasifying agent autopneumatolysis agent air inlet pipe enters reactor Emulsion zone 13, is reacted after being mixed with the coal dust of supported catalyst, produces synthesis gas, and unreacted obtains coal dust and enters back into reaction Device dilute-phase zone 15, carries out part burning with the oxygen from oxygen-enriched air import 7 and regasifies reaction, and reacted product is carried Treat unreacted coal dust and catalyst through primary cyclone 18 and secondary cyclone 20, the unreacted after separation Coal dust and catalyst have respectively entered in reactor emulsion zone 13 and reactor dilute-phase zone 15 and continue reaction, it is ensured that fluidisation Get along well on bed the uniform of temperature of lower, separated by two stage cyclone, it is to avoid the generation that catalyst is wasted, greatly improve carbon Conversion ratio, achieve preferable technique effect.Methods described, than the efficiency of carbon con version in existing Winkler Coal Gasification Technologies Improve 5~14%.
Description of the drawings
Schematic flow sheets of the Fig. 1 for the method for the invention:
In Fig. 1,1 is gasification agent inlet;2 is circular cone distribution grid;3 is coal dust charging aperture;4 are circular body of heater;5 is resistance to Fiery material;6 is body of heater shell;7 is oxygen-enriched air import;8 export for gasifier gas;9 is slag-drip opening;10 are annular Separating pipe air inlet;11 is ash bucket;12 is one-level fine coal recycle feed pipe;13 is reactor emulsion zone;14 is second patent flour Coal recycle feed mouth;15 is reactor dilute-phase zone;16 is one-level returning charge trachea;17 is two grades of returning charge tracheas;18 is one-level Cyclone separator;19 is one-level fine coal circulating solid tube;20 is secondary cyclone;21 is second patent flour coal circulating solid tube; 22 export for secondary cyclone;Jet pipe centered on 23;24 is annular release pipe;25 enter for oxygen-enriched annular release pipe Mouthful;26 is gasifying agent air inlet pipe;27 is gas outlet.
26 Jing circular cones distribution grid 2 of gasifying agent autopneumatolysis agent air inlet pipe enters reactor emulsion zone 13, the coal with supported catalyst Reacted after powder mixing, produced synthesis gas, unreacted obtained coal dust and enter back into reactor dilute-phase zone 15, and from oxygen-enriched air The oxygen of import 7 carries out part burning and regasifies reaction, and reacted product is carried treats that unreacted coal dust and catalyst are passed through Primary cyclone 18 and secondary cyclone 20, the unreacted coal dust and catalyst after separation have respectively entered instead Continue reaction in answering device emulsion zone 13 and reactor dilute-phase zone 15.
Below by embodiment, the invention will be further elaborated, but is not limited only to the present embodiment.
Specific embodiment
【Embodiment 1】
In a kind of device of the segmentation oxygen blast catalytic coal gasifaction shown in Fig. 1, the mean temperature of fluidized-bed reactor is 750 DEG C, The percent opening of circular cone distribution grid is 2%, and aperture is 4mm, and element of cone is 45 ° with the angle of central shaft, the circle of reducing pipe The angle of cone nut line and centrage is 30 °, one cyclonic coal recycle feed pipe 30cm above the circular cone distribution grid, with reaction The center angle of device emulsion zone is 25 °, two grades of whirlwind coal recycle feed pipes 10cm above the reducing pipe, with top dense-phase flow The center angle for changing bed catalytic gasification section is 25 °, and coal powder size is 200 μm, and the load capacity of catalyst is 0.05, reaction Device Stress control is kept bed mean temperature to fluctuate within ± 30 DEG C, is respectively joined after part operation condition and gasification in 1MPa Number result is as shown in table 1.
【Embodiment 2】
In a kind of device of the segmentation oxygen blast catalytic coal gasifaction shown in Fig. 1, the mean temperature of fluidized-bed reactor is 750 DEG C, The percent opening of circular cone distribution grid is 1%, and aperture is 1mm, and element of cone is 45 ° with the angle of central shaft, the circle of reducing pipe The angle of cone nut line and centrage is 30 °, one cyclonic coal recycle feed pipe 30cm above the circular cone distribution grid, with reaction The center angle of device emulsion zone is 25 °, two grades of whirlwind coal recycle feed pipes 10cm above the reducing pipe, with top dense-phase flow The center angle for changing bed catalytic gasification section is 25 °, and coal powder size is 200 μm, and the load capacity of catalyst is 0.05, reaction Device Stress control is kept bed mean temperature to fluctuate within ± 30 DEG C, is respectively joined after part operation condition and gasification in 1MPa Number result is as shown in table 1.
【Embodiment 3】
In a kind of device of the segmentation oxygen blast catalytic coal gasifaction shown in Fig. 1, the mean temperature of fluidized-bed reactor is 750 DEG C, The percent opening of circular cone distribution grid is 2%, and aperture is 4mm, and element of cone is 45 ° with the angle of central shaft, the circle of reducing pipe The angle of cone nut line and centrage is 30 °, one cyclonic coal recycle feed pipe 30cm above the circular cone distribution grid, with reaction The center angle of device emulsion zone is 25 °, two grades of whirlwind coal recycle feed pipes 10cm above the reducing pipe, with top dense-phase flow The center angle for changing bed catalytic gasification section is 25 °, and coal powder size is 200 μm, and the load capacity of catalyst is 0.05, reaction Device Stress control keeps bed mean temperature to fluctuate within ± 30 DEG C in 3.5MPa, each after part operation condition and gasification Parametric results are as shown in table 1.
【Embodiment 4】
In a kind of device of the segmentation oxygen blast catalytic coal gasifaction shown in Fig. 1, the mean temperature of fluidized-bed reactor is 750 DEG C, The percent opening of circular cone distribution grid is 2%, and aperture is 4mm, and element of cone is 45 ° with the angle of central shaft, the circle of reducing pipe The angle of cone nut line and centrage is 30 °, one cyclonic coal recycle feed pipe 30cm above the circular cone distribution grid, with reaction The center angle of device emulsion zone is 45 °, two grades of whirlwind coal recycle feed pipes 10cm above the reducing pipe, with top dense-phase flow The center angle for changing bed catalytic gasification section is 45 °, and coal powder size is 200 μm, and the load capacity of catalyst is 0.05, reaction Device Stress control is kept bed mean temperature to fluctuate within ± 30 DEG C, is respectively joined after part operation condition and gasification in 1MPa Number result is as shown in table 1.
【Comparative example 1】
Conventional atmospheric Winkler coal gasifications temperature more than 950 DEG C, without reducing pipe, without two grades of whirlwind, the addition without catalyst, Coal powder size is 0.1~3mm, and after part operation condition and gasification, each parametric results are as shown in table 1.
【Comparative example 2】
Conventional high-tension Winkler Coal Gasification Technology gasification temperature more than 1000 DEG C, without reducing pipe, without two grades of whirlwind, nothing The addition of catalyst, coal powder size are 0.1~3mm, and after part operation condition and gasification, each parametric results are as shown in table 1.
Table 1

Claims (10)

1. it is a kind of segmentation oxygen blast catalytic coal gasifaction device, it mainly by catalytic gasification ash separative element, catalytic coal gasifaction list Unit and unreacted coal dust cycling element are constituted, and described catalytic gasification ash separative element is by gasifying agent air inlet pipe (26), circle Cone distribution grid (2), coal dust charging aperture (3), central jet pipe (23), annular release pipe (24), ash bucket (11), Slag-drip opening (9) is constituted, and positioned at gasifying agent air inlet pipe (26) top, in inverted cone, circular cone is distributed circular cone distribution grid (2) There is equally distributed gas outlet (27) on plate (2), circular cone distribution grid (2) lower end is upper with annular release pipe (24) End connection, central jet pipe (23) is positioned at the centre of annular release pipe (24), lower end and the ash of annular release pipe (24) Bucket (11) is connected, and has annular release pipe air inlet (10) and slag-drip opening (9) on ash bucket (11);Described coal catalysis Gasification unit includes circular body of heater (4), reactor emulsion zone (13), reactor dilute-phase zone (15), by reducing pipe (28) connect, wherein, reactor emulsion zone (13) has fine coal charging aperture (3) and one-level fine coal recycle feed pipe (12), Reactor dilute-phase zone (15) has oxygen-enriched air import (7), and second patent flour coal recycle feed mouth (14) and gasifier gas go out Mouth (8);Described unreacted coal dust cycling element is by primary cyclone (18) and secondary cyclone (20) Constitute, primary cyclone (18) bottom is connected with one-level fine coal circulating solid tube (19), one-level fine coal recycle feed pipe (12) and one-level returning charge trachea (16), secondary cyclone (20) bottom is connected with second patent flour coal circulating solid tube (21), Second patent flour coal recycle feed pipe (14) and two grades of returning charge tracheas (17).
2. the device of oxygen blast catalytic coal gasifaction is segmented according to claim 1, it is characterised in that circular cone distribution grid (2) Percent opening is 1%~2%, and aperture is 1~4mm, and element of cone is 30~45 ° with the angle of central shaft.
3. the device of oxygen blast catalytic coal gasifaction is segmented according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the circle of reducing pipe (28) Cone nut line is 15~30 ° with the angle of centrage.
4. the device of oxygen blast catalytic coal gasifaction is segmented according to claim 1, it is characterised in that connect outside reactor body There are primary cyclone (18) and secondary cyclone (20), the one-level fine coal of primary cyclone (18) is followed Ring feed pipe (12) is connected with reactor emulsion zone (13), at 30~60cm above circular cone distribution grid (2), and anti- Answer 25~45 ° of the centerlines of device emulsion zone (13).
5. the device of oxygen blast catalytic coal gasifaction is segmented according to claim 1, it is characterised in that secondary cyclone (20) Second patent flour coal recycle feed pipe (14) be connected with reactor dilute-phase zone (15), 10~30cm above the reducing pipe (28) Place, 25~45 ° of the centerlines with reactor dilute-phase zone (15).
6. the device of oxygen blast catalytic coal gasifaction is segmented according to claim 1, it is characterised in that oxygen-enriched air import (7) At 10~30cm above reducing pipe (28), the centerlines with reactor dilute-phase zone (15) are 45~60 °.
7. a kind of method of segmentation oxygen blast catalytic coal gasifaction, is urged using any one the segmentation oxygen blast coal in claim 1~6 The device of activating QI, reaction method is:, through grinding, dipping, stirring, mix homogeneously is mixed for coal dust and catalyst Coal dust and catalyst are entered in fluidized-bed reactor as raw material, are contacted with gasifying agent, are calculated as with gauge pressure in reaction pressure 0.1~3.5MPa, makes furnace temperature maintain between 650~850 DEG C, anti-in coal dust surface erosion, perforate, reduction by catalyst Activation energy is answered, the product of synthesis gas and ash is converted coal into.
8. the method for oxygen blast catalytic coal gasifaction is segmented according to claim 7, it is characterised in that after coal dust is broken, Jing is dried And screening, granularity is 20~200 μm, and the weight ratio of catalyst and coal is (0.05~0.20):1, it is the broken of 1~2mm with granularity Initial fluidized bed material of the coal as fluid bed.
9. the method for oxygen blast catalytic coal gasifaction is segmented according to claim 7, it is characterised in that oxygen coal ratio is 0.3~1Nm3/ kg, steam coal weight ratio are 1~2.5, and the oxygen enrichment percentage of oxygen-enriched air import (7) is 5~10%.
10. the method for oxygen blast catalytic coal gasifaction is segmented according to claim 7, it is characterised in that reactor emulsion zone (13) Temperature maintains 750~850 DEG C, and reactor dilute-phase zone (15) temperature maintains 650~800 DEG C, central jet pipe (23) Temperature is maintained between 1300~1500 DEG C.
CN201510666051.2A 2015-10-15 2015-10-15 Device and method for segmented-oxygen-blowing catalytic coal gasification Pending CN106590757A (en)

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CN114507549A (en) * 2022-02-21 2022-05-17 新疆天业汇合新材料有限公司 Method for controlling slag bonding of coal gasification and radiation waste boiler combined device

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CN114507549A (en) * 2022-02-21 2022-05-17 新疆天业汇合新材料有限公司 Method for controlling slag bonding of coal gasification and radiation waste boiler combined device

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Application publication date: 20170426