JP7061809B2 - A solar heat collecting device provided with a fluidized bed and a solar heat collecting method using the same. - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a two-tower fluidized bed sandwiched between two loop seals, and more specifically, a sun provided with a fluidized bed that can be used for various chemical reactions such as solar heat storage, solar thermal fuel conversion, and biomass gasification. The present invention relates to a light collecting device and a solar heat collecting method using the same.

In recent years, research on energy storage technology using concentrating solar heat collection has become active. This method is attracting attention as a new technology that can be applied to inexpensive and highly efficient renewable energy storage because it does not require a heat engine and is not restricted by Carnot efficiency.

The present inventors have so far proposed a hydrothermal decomposition device and a solar heat storage device provided with a fluidized bed capable of generating internal circulation (see Patent Documents 1 and 2).

In Patent Document 1, as shown in FIG. 7, a two-tower fluidized bed 103 is provided in the hydrothermal decomposition apparatus 100, and the metal oxide particles P are internally circulated between the towers 101 and 102, so that one of the towers is used. 101 is used as a thermal reduction reactor, and the other column 102 is used as a pyrolysis (oxidation) reactor.

However, the technique of Patent Document 1 is a system in which all of the above two reactions (reduction and oxidation) are generated in one two-tower fluidized bed 103, and the two reactions cannot be completely separated. It was difficult to aim for even higher efficiency.

Further, when the fluidized layer 103 disclosed in Patent Document 1 is used as a heat collecting container of a solar heat storage device, the particles in the fluidized layer 103 are formed by irradiating the condensed sunlight S from the window 104 on the upper part of the apparatus 100. P can be directly heated to distribute the sensible heat to the layered particles P, but since the heated particles P are taken out and stored in another container (not shown), the solar heat storage process becomes a batch type, and the heat storage It was the cause of the decrease in efficiency.

Further, the present inventors disclose in Patent Document 2 a solar heat storage device provided with a flow layer having a structure different from that of Patent Document 1, in particular, in order to perform large-scale heat collection / heat storage. In Example 3 of 2 (and the corresponding drawing 4 as well), a technique of separating a heat collecting container and a heat storage container and circulating heat storage particles between these containers is disclosed.

However, in the apparatus according to the third embodiment of Patent Document 2, it is possible to confirm the heat collecting effect of the particles by causing the internal circulation flow of the particles by the flow layer in the heat collecting container, but the heat storage particles are collected. It has been practically difficult to sequentially supply particles into the transport path connecting the container to the heat storage container. That is, a method of separating a part of the particles that circulate internally in the heat collection container and creating a flow of the particles so that the particles are actually supplied into the transport path connected to the heat storage container (heat collection container-heat storage container-). Proper circulation of heat storage particles between heat collection vessels) has not yet been well elucidated.

Japanese Patent No. 5986589 International Publication No. WO2014 / 038553 Pamphlet

The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a solar heat-collecting fluidized bed capable of efficiently realizing the inner circulation flow and the outer circulation flow of particles.

After diligent studies, the present inventors have found that the above-mentioned problems can be effectively solved by successfully combining a two-tower fluidized bed with a loop seal structure, and have completed the present invention.

That is, the present invention has, for example, the following configurations and features.

(Aspect 1)
It is a solar heat collector equipped with a heat collecting container provided with a fluidized bed, an irradiation part, and a gas introduction part.
The fluidized bed is partitioned by a first partition plate provided between the first and second openings provided in the heat collecting container and the first and second openings, and a first partition plate. It is provided with the first and second flow spaces connected to the first and second openings and the particles in the first and second flow spaces.
The irradiation unit includes a window provided in the heat collecting container, and guides the condensed sunlight through the window to irradiate the particles.
The gas introduction unit includes a first dispersion plate provided in the flow layer and first and second introduction ports for introducing gas toward the first and second flow spaces through the first dispersion plate, and By making the linear velocity of the gas introduced from the first introduction port into the first flow space different from the linear velocity of the gas introduced into the second flow space from the second introduction port, the first flow space and the second flow space can be obtained. An internal circulation flow of the particles is generated between the particles.
The heat collecting container further includes at least one of a particle introduction port and a particle discharge port for introducing and discharging the particles, and at least one of the first and second loop seal portions connected to the fluidized bed.
The first loop seal portion connects the particle introduction port and the first flow space to supply the particles to the first flow space.
The second loop seal portion is a solar heat collecting device characterized in that the second flow space and the particle discharge port are connected to supply the particles in the second flow space to the particle discharge port.
(Aspect 2)
Both the first and second loop seal portions are provided in the heat collecting container, and the heat collecting container is provided with both first and second loop seal portions.
The first loop seal portion is provided on one side of the fluidized bed, and
The solar heat collector according to aspect 1, wherein the second loop seal portion is provided on the other side of the fluidized bed.
(Aspect 3)
The sunlight collection according to aspect 2, wherein the window of the irradiation unit is provided in the upper part of the heat collecting container, and the first dispersion plate of the gas introduction part is provided in the lower part of the fluidized bed. Thermal device.
(Aspect 4)
The first loop seal portion includes a lower opening, a second partition plate extending upward from the lower opening, and third and fourth fluidized beds separated by the second partition plate and connected to each other by the lower opening. Further provided with a first wall that separates the space, the fourth fluidized space and the first fluidized space of the fluidized bed, and a seal outlet provided above the fourth fluidized space and connected to the first fluidized space.
By connecting the particle introduction port to the upper part of the third flow space, new particles are introduced from the outside of the heat collecting container into the first loop seal portion, and pass through the third and fourth flow spaces and the seal outlet. The solar heat collector according to aspect 3, wherein the fluidized bed is guided to the first fluidized space.
(Aspect 5)
The second loop seal portion includes an upper opening, a third partition plate extending downward from the upper opening, and fifth and sixth fluidized beds connected to each other by the upper opening while being partitioned by the third partition plate. A space and a second wall that separates the fifth flow space from the second flow space of the fluidized bed are further provided, and a seal entrance provided at the lower part of the fifth flow space and connected to the second flow space. Further prepared,
By connecting the particle discharge port to the lower part of the sixth fluidized space, the particles internally circulated in the fluidized bed are introduced from the seal inlet into the second loop seal portion, and the fifth and sixth fluidized spaces are introduced. The solar heat collecting device according to aspect 3 or 4, wherein the particles are discharged from the particle discharge port to the outside of the heat collecting container.
(Aspect 6)
The gas introduction section is
The second dispersion plate provided at the bottom of the first loop seal portion and
The 3rd and 4th introduction ports that introduce gas into the 3rd and 4th flow spaces through the 2nd dispersion plate,
The solar heat collector according to aspect 4 or 5, further comprising.
(Aspect 7)
The gas introduction section is
The third dispersion plate provided at the bottom of the second loop seal portion and
A fifth inlet that introduces gas toward the fifth flow space through the third dispersion plate,
The solar heat collector according to aspect 5 or 6, further comprising.
(Aspect 8)
The solar heat collector is further provided with first and second transport paths and a heat storage container, and
The first transport path communicates the particle discharge port with the heat storage container so that the particles can be transported from the heat collecting container to the heat storage container.
2. Solar heat collector.
(Aspect 9)
The solar heat collector according to any one of aspects 2 to 8, wherein at least one of the group of quartz sand, iron oxide, and silicon carbide is selected as the particles.
(Aspect 10)
Metal oxide particles are selected as the particles, and
A gas capable of reducing the particles is selected as the gas supplied from the gas introduction unit, and a gas capable of reducing the particles is selected.
The solar heat collector according to any one of aspects 2 to 8, wherein the heat collecting container is used as a heat reduction reactor of a hydrothermal decomposition method.
(Aspect 11)
Coal coke particles and flow medium particles are selected as the particles, and
The embodiment according to any one of aspects 2 to 8, wherein steam is selected as the gas supplied from the gas introduction unit, and the heat collecting container is used as a reactor for gasifying coal coke particles. Solar heat collector.
(Aspect 12)
A method for collecting solar heat using the solar heat collecting device according to any one of aspects 2 to 11.
The fluidized bed and the first and second loop seal portions are prefilled with the particles.
A gas is introduced into the first and second flow spaces from the gas introduction portion via the first dispersion plate, and the gas is introduced.
The particles are newly introduced from the particle introduction port connected to the first group seal portion, and the particles are newly introduced.
The particles are discharged from the particle discharge port connected to the second group seal portion, and the particles are discharged.
It is characterized in that the linear velocity of the gas introduced into the first and second flow spaces is set to be different, and the internal circulation flow of the particles is generated between the first flow space and the second flow space. Solar heat collection method.

As described above, the solar heat collecting device and the solar heat collecting method of the present invention have a configuration in which at least one of the first and second loop seal portions is connected to the fluidized bed in the heat collecting container (preferably). (Structure in which the fluidized bed is sandwiched by the first and second loop seal portions from both sides) is adopted. As a result, the particles are introduced from the outside of the heat collecting container into the heat collecting container and then discharged (outer circulation of the particles) while surely generating the systematic internal circulation flow of the heat storage particles in the fluidized bed directly under the irradiation unit. Flow) can also be generated at the same time.

Moreover, if the first and second loop seal portions of the preferred embodiment of the present invention are adopted, the particle introduction port to the first loop seal can be prevented in order to prevent backflow and promote flow in a desired direction at each seal portion. It is possible to reliably flow the heat storage particles from the portion to the fluidized layer to the second loop seal portion to the particle discharge port.

The solar heat collector of the present invention can be used for various purposes such as solar heat storage, solar thermal fuel conversion, coal coke gasification, biomass gasification, and thermal reduction reaction of a hydrothermal decomposition method. Not only this, the apparatus of the present invention can generate the inner circulation and the outer circulation of the particles well inside and outside the apparatus to create a desired flow in the particles, so that it is continuous unlike the conventional batch type. Reactions such as heat storage (highly efficient continuous operation) can occur.

In other words, the present invention can cope with an increase in the size of an apparatus and enable highly efficient solar heat collection.

It is a figure explaining the outline of the solar heat collector of Example 1. FIG. It is a figure which showed the perspective view (a) of the heat collecting container of Example 1 and the separation type reaction system (b) of Example 2. It is a figure which showed the visualization flow path of Example 4 and the visualization experiment apparatus using the flow path. It is a figure which showed the flow map which summarized the visualization result under various test conditions. It is the sketch (a) which shows the internal circulation (counterclockwise) of the particle P under a certain condition of Example 4, and the visualization image which shows the internal circulation (clockwise) of a particle P under another condition. In Example 4, it is a visualization image which shows the flow state of the particle P at a certain time interval from immediately after the start of measurement (t = 0 [s]) to t = 5 [s]. It is a figure explaining the outline of the conventional solar heat collector.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described based on the embodiments shown in the drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the following specific embodiments. The same reference numerals are used for the same or corresponding members in each figure.

(Outline of solar heat collector)
FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an outline of the solar heat collecting device 1 according to the first embodiment. The solar heat collecting device 1 of this embodiment includes a heat collecting container 2 provided with a fluidized bed 3, an irradiation unit 4, a gas introduction unit 5, and (more preferably, a gas discharge unit 10). The device configuration shown in the drawings is an example, and the configuration and arrangement of each component are not limited to the illustrated example. For example, the irradiation unit 4 and the gas introduction unit 5 are not limited to the configuration in which they are arranged directly above or below the fluidized bed 3 as shown in the drawing, and for example, they are arranged diagonally above or diagonally below the fluidized bed 3. A modified example can be assumed. That is, the object of the present invention can be achieved and the action and effect thereof can be obtained by these modifications.

FIG. 2A is a diagram showing a perspective view of the heat collecting container 2. The heat collecting container 2 includes a top plate 21 having a window 41 described later in the center, side plates 22 and 22 in the front-rear direction, side plates 23 and 23 in the left-right direction, and an extension portion 24 as a base. The outer shape of the heat collecting container 2 is configured by the above. The lower side of the heat collecting container 2 is connected to the gas introduction unit 5 described above, so that the internal space of the heat collecting container 2 (that is, the fluidized bed 3 and the first and second loop seal portions 8, which will be described later, 9) is partitioned. The side plates 23 and 23 may be provided with an irradiation unit side plate 23a that gradually narrows downward so as to form an irradiation unit 4 that efficiently irradiates the condensed sunlight S.

(Structure of fluidized bed)
Here, the fluidized bed 3 is called a two-tower fluidized bed and has the following structure. That is, the fluidized bed 3 has a first partition provided between the first and second openings 31 and 32 provided above and below the heat collecting container 2 and the first and second openings 31 and 32. The plate 33, the first and second fluidized spaces 34 and 35 connected to each other by the first and second openings 31, 32 while being partitioned to the left and right by the first partition plate 33, and the first and second fluidized spaces 34. , 35 is provided with heat storage particles P filled therein. The heat storage particles P (hereinafter, also simply referred to as “particles”) include quartz sand containing SiO ₂ as a main component and having a high melting point of 1750 ° C., iron oxides such as magnetite (Fe ₃ O ₄ ), and radiation absorption rate. Particles made of silicon carbide (SiC) or the like having a high iron content are preferably used.

(Structure of irradiation part)
The irradiation unit 4 includes a window 41 provided in the upper part of the heat collecting container 2, and guides the condensed sunlight S through the window 41 to irradiate the particles P. The window 41 is preferably a quartz window suitable for transmitting sunlight S. As a method and means for condensing the sunlight S up to the window 41, the prior art can be adopted. For example, a beam-down type condensing system (not shown) composed of a ground reflector (heliostud) and a tower reflector (not shown) can condense sunlight S.

(Window cooling)
Further, since the window 41 of the irradiation unit 4 and the peripheral portion of the window 41 are heated to an extremely high temperature by the condensed sunlight S, they are cooled in the vicinity of the window 41 as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 (a). It is desirable to lay a flow path 42 and allow a refrigerant to flow through the cooling flow path 42 to cool the window 41 and the peripheral portion of the window 41. For example, the cooling flow path 42 provided with the inlet pipe 42a and the outlet pipe 42b may be laid so as to surround the outer edge of the window 41.

(Structure of gas introduction part)
The gas introduction unit 5 introduces the gas G (Ga, Gb) toward the first and second fluidized spaces 34 and 35 through the first dispersion plate 51a provided at the lower part of the fluidized bed 3 and the first dispersion plate 51a. It is provided with first and second introduction ports 52a and 52b. The first dispersion plate 51a is composed of a porous object (for example, a pore diameter of 10 to 100 μm), and by incorporating this between the first and second introduction ports 52a and 52b and the fluidized bed 3, the particles P The rectified gas G can be supplied to the fluidized bed 3 while preventing the gas from entering the gas introduction unit 5. The second and third dispersion plates 51b and 51c, which will be described later, also have the same configuration as the above configuration of the first dispersion plate 51a, and exhibit the same effect.

(Giving a speed difference between the supplied gases)
Here, the linear velocity LVa of the gas Ga introduced from the first introduction port 52a into the first flow space 34 is set to be different from the linear velocity LVb of the gas Gb introduced from the second introduction port 52b into the second flow space 35. Has been done.

(Linear velocity of gas)
The linear velocities LVa and LVb are values obtained by dividing the flow rates of the gases Ga and Gb by the cross-sectional areas of the first and second introduction ports 52a and 52b corresponding to the respective flow rates, and the first dispersion plate per unit time. It means the velocity of each gas Ga, Gb passing through 51a (unit cross-sectional area). The linear velocities LVc, LVd, LVe of the gases Gc, Gd, and Ge, which will be described later, are also defined and derived by the same method.

By imparting a velocity difference between the supply gases Ga and Gb in this way, the particles P are connected between the first flow space 34 and the second flow space 35 connected by the first and second openings 31, 32. It is possible to generate a systematic internal circulation flow.

Further, by appropriately adjusting the linear velocities LVa and LVb of the gases Ga and Gb, it is possible to cause an internal circulation flow in a desired rotation direction (clockwise or counterclockwise). For example, when the linear velocity LVa of the gas Ga ( _VL in FIG. 4) is set to be larger than the linear velocity LVb of the gas Gb (VR in FIG. 4) (that is, _LVa -Lvb> 0), the inside is clockwise. Can create a cycle. On the other hand, when the linear velocity LVa of the gas Ga ( _VL in FIG. 4) is set smaller than the linear velocity LVb of the gas Gb (VR in FIG. 4) (that is, _LVa -Lvb <0), it is counterclockwise. Can cause internal circulation. Please also refer to the flow map shown in FIG. 4 for the conditions of each linear velocity that generates the desired internal circulation.

The above-mentioned linear velocities LVa and LVb can be adjusted by, for example, an air compressor, a valve, a flow meter, or the like (not shown) connected to the first and second introduction ports 52a and 52b, respectively. This can be done by adjusting the flow rate of Gb.

(Structure of gas discharge part)
The gas G sent from the gas introduction unit 5 to the fluidized bed 3 is discharged to the outside of the heat collecting container 2 from the gas discharge unit 10. As shown in FIG. 2B for explaining Example 2, the gas G (nitrogen N ₂ in the figure) introduced into the fluidized bed 3 from the gas introduction unit 5 causes a chemical reaction in the fluidized bed 3. It should be noted that when the gas is raised and discharged from the gas discharge unit 10, the gas may have a different quality and composition (oxygen ₀₂ in the figure).

(Arrangement of particle inlet, particle outlet and loop seal)
Further, the heat collecting container 2 further includes at least one of a particle introduction port 6 and a particle discharge port 7 for introducing and discharging particles P, and first and second loop seal portions 8 and 9 connected to the fluidized bed 3. Please note that. Here, from the viewpoint of promoting the internal circulation and the external circulation of the particles P, which will be described later, both the first and second loop seal portions 8 and 9 are on the left and right (both sides) of the fluidized bed 3 as shown in the illustrated example. It is preferable that it is installed.

Here, the first loop seal portion 8 connects the particle introduction port 6 and the fluidized bed 3 (the first fluidized space 34), and sequentially supplies the particles P to the first fluidized space 34. On the other hand, the second loop seal portion 9 connects the fluidized bed 3 (the second fluidized space 35) and the particle discharge port 7, and supplies the particles P from the fluidized bed 3 to the particle discharge port 7. As shown in the illustrated example, the particles P may be supplied sequentially (continuously) or intermittently (for example, periodically or irregularly).

(Multiple circulation in which internal circulation and external circulation occur at the same time)
The solar heat collector 1 adopting the first and second loop seal portions 8 and 9 configured as described above ensures the systematic internal circulation flow of the particles P in the fluidized bed 3 immediately below the irradiation portion 4. While generating the heat, the introduction of the particles P from the outside to the inside of the heat collecting container 2 and the discharge of the particles P from the inside to the outside of the heat collecting container 2 (external circulation flow of the particles) are also generated at the same time (multiple circulation). It will be possible. In addition, suitable forms of the 1st and 2nd loop seal portions 8 and 9 are illustrated below.

(Preferable form of the first loop seal portion)
The first loop seal portion 8 is connected to each other by the lower opening 81, the second partition plate 82 extending upward from the lower opening 81, and the lower opening 81 while being partitioned left and right by the second partition plate 82. The first wall 85 that separates the third and fourth flow spaces 83 and 84, the fourth flow space 84 and the first flow space 34 of the fluidized bed 3, and the first one provided above the fourth flow space 84. It is preferable to further provide a seal outlet 86 connected to the flow space 34.

(Flow of particles P in the first loop seal portion)
Then, by connecting the particle introduction port 6 to the upper part of the third fluidized space 83, new particles P are sequentially introduced from the outside of the heat collecting container 2 to the first loop seal portion 8, and the third and fourth particles P are sequentially introduced. Through the fluidized spaces 83 and 84 and the seal outlet 86, the fluidized bed 3 is sequentially guided to the first fluidized space 34.

(Preferable form of the second loop seal portion)
The second loop seal portion 9 is connected to each other by the upper opening 91, the third partition plate 92 extending downward from the upper opening 91, and the upper opening 91 while being partitioned left and right by the third partition plate 92. A second wall 95 that separates the fifth and sixth fluidized spaces 93 and 94, the fifth fluidized space 93, and the second fluidized space 35 of the fluidized bed 3, and a fluidized bed provided below the fifth fluidized space 93. It is preferable to further provide a seal inlet 96 connected to the second fluidized space 35 of 3.

(Flow of particles P in the second loop seal portion)
Then, by connecting the particle discharge port 7 to the lower part of the sixth fluidized space 94, the particles P internally circulated in the fluidized bed 3 are sequentially introduced from the seal inlet 96 into the second loop seal portion 9, and the second loop seal portion 9 is introduced. 5. The particles are discharged from the particle discharge port 7 to the outside of the heat collecting container 2 through the sixth fluidized space 93 and 94.

If the first and second loop seal portions 8 and 9 having a suitable form as described above are adopted, the backflow of the particles P can be prevented and the flow of the particles P can be promoted in the desired direction in the respective portions 8 and 9. The particles P can be reliably flowed in the desired direction from the particle introduction port 6 to the first loop seal portion 8 to the fluidized bed 3 to the second loop seal portion 9 to the particle discharge port 7.

(Preferable form of gas introduction part)
Next, a suitable form of the gas introduction unit 5 will also be illustrated. A suitable gas introduction unit 5 passes the gas G (Gc, Gd) through the second dispersion plate 51b provided at the lower part of the first loop seal portion 8 and the second dispersion plate 51b in the third and fourth flow spaces 83, The third and fourth introduction ports 52c and 52d to be introduced toward 84 are further provided.

Then, the linear velocities LVc and LVd of the gases Gc and Gd introduced from the third and fourth introduction ports 52c and 52d into the third and fourth fluidized spaces 83 and 84 are supplied to the fluidized bed 3 by the gases Ga and Gb. It is preferable that the linear velocity is set to be different from either Lva or LVb. More preferably, the linear velocities LVc and LVd are set to be smaller than the relatively large linear velocities of the linear velocities LVa and LVb. This makes it possible to reliably prevent the backflow of the particles P from the fluidized bed 3 to the first loop seal portion 8 while promoting the flow of the particles P from the first loop seal portion 8 to the fluidized bed 3.

The second loop seal portion 9 can also adopt the same suitable structure as the first loop seal portion 8. Specifically, the gas introduction unit 5 introduces the gas Ge toward the fifth flow space 93 through the third dispersion plate 51c provided at the lower part of the second loop seal portion 9 and the third dispersion plate 51c. It is preferable to further provide an introduction port 52e.

Then, the linear velocity Lve of the gas Ge introduced into the fifth flow space 93 from the fifth introduction port 52e is set to be different from any of the linear velocity Lva and LVb of the gases Ga and Gb supplied into the fluidized bed 3. Is preferable. More preferably, the linear velocity LV is set to be smaller than the relatively large linear velocity of the linear velocity Lva and LVb. This makes it possible to reliably prevent the backflow of the particles P from the second loop seal portion 9 to the fluidized bed 3 while promoting the flow of the particles P from the fluidized bed 3 to the second loop seal portion 9.

(Preferable configuration on the outside of the heat collecting container)
Further, it is preferable that the solar heat collecting device 1 is further provided with the first and second transport paths 11 and 12 and the heat storage container 13. Here, the first transport path 11 communicates the particle discharge port 7 and the heat storage container 13 so that the particles P can be transported from the heat collection container 2 to the heat storage container 13. On the other hand, the second transport path 12 is characterized in that the particles P can be transported from the heat storage container 13 to the heat collection container 2 by communicating the heat storage container 13 and the particle introduction port 6. The heat storage container 13 may be provided with a heat exchanger 14 that transfers heat from the particles P. The heat exchanger 14 may be provided with an inlet pipe 15 for introducing gas and an outlet pipe 16 for discharging gas that has received heat from the heat exchanger 14.

By adding the above-mentioned suitable components to the outside of the heat collecting container 2, the solar heat collecting device 1 of the present invention can be increased in size and continuously operated, and has high efficiency in solar heat collecting. Is possible.

(Application of hydrothermal decomposition equipment to heat reduction reactor)
The heat collecting container 2 of the present invention may be used as a heat reduction reactor 2a (see FIG. 2B) for the hydrothermal decomposition apparatus _2ds as follows. In the case of this embodiment, it is preferable that the particles P are selected from cerium oxide or zirconia carrying cerium oxide, or metal oxide particles such as ferrite or zirconia carrying ferrite. The particle size of the metal oxide is preferably about 100 to 750 μm. Further, as the gas G supplied from the gas introduction unit 5, it is preferable to select a gas capable of reducing the particles P (for example, a low oxygen partial pressure gas such as nitrogen or argon).

In the prior art as shown in Patent Document 1, one column of the two-column fluidized bed is used as a thermal reduction reactor and the other column is used as a pyrolysis (oxidation) reactor. On the other hand, in the second embodiment, the entire heat collecting container 2 including the two-tower fluidized bed 3 can be used as the heat reduction reactor 2a, and the oxidation reactor 2b (see FIG. 2B) can be used. ) May be separated from the heat collecting container 2 and provided on the outside thereof. As a result, the apparatus 1 of the second embodiment becomes a separate reaction system 2 _ds , and can generate and continue a continuous and highly efficient reaction.

(Application to reactors for gasifying coal coke particles)
Further, the heat collecting container 2 of the present invention may be used as a reactor (not shown) for gasifying coal coke particles as follows. In the case of the third embodiment, it is preferable that coal coke particles and fluid medium particles (for example, quartz sand) are selected as the particles P. The particle size of the flow medium particles is more preferably 300 μm or less. In the fluidized bed 3, the volume ratio of coal coke particles to fluidized medium particles (for example, quartz sand) is preferably set to about 2: 8 to 8: 2. Further, water vapor is selected as the gas G supplied from the gas introduction unit 5.

(Applicability to various applications)
As shown in Examples 2 and 3 above, the solar heat collector 1 of the present invention has various aspects such as solar heat storage, solar thermal fuel conversion, coal coke gasification, biomass gasification, and thermal reduction reaction of the hydrothermal decomposition method. You can understand that it can be used for various purposes. Further, as described above, the apparatus 1 of the present invention can be generated by combining the internal circulation and the external circulation of the particles P well (multiple circulations of the particles P are possible), so that the apparatus 1 is different from the conventional batch type. , Continuous heat storage and other reactions (highly efficient continuous operation) can occur.

(Particle visualization experimental device)
The present inventors have manufactured a visualization experimental device in order to clarify the flow behavior of the particles P. In the visualization experimental device, a model (cold model, see FIGS. 3A and 3B) that does not take into consideration the heat collection and irradiation of sunlight S was used. The visualization flow path simulating the heat collecting container 2 was made of a transparent material made of acrylic resin, and the particles P were supplied into this flow path. As the particles P, in order to make it easier to visualize the flow state of the particles P in the flow path, beads made of foamable polystyrene in two colors of blue and white (diameter of the particles P is about 0.7 mm to 1.4 mm, specific density is 1). .04) was used.

(Dimensions of visualization flow path)
Further, the total width of the visualization flow path (heat collecting container 2) is about 300 mm (each width of the first to fifth flow spaces 34, 35, 83, 84, 93 is 50 mm), and the depth is 30 mm (FIG. 3 (FIG. 3). See a)). That is, in this cold model, since the cross-sectional areas of the respective flow spaces are the same, the ratio of the flow rate passing through each flow space is proportional to the ratio of the linear velocity.

(Adjustment of gas G flow rate (linear velocity))
The particles P were supplied by a feeder from above the first loop seal portion 8 at a flow rate of 17 g / min. Air is used as the gas G (Ga to Ge) to the first to fifth flow spaces 34, 35, 83, 84, 93 in the gas introduction unit 5, and the flow rate of each gas Ga to Ge is set to Gc = Gd = Ge. = 20 NL / min (constant amount), and the flow rates of Ga and Gb were changed between 0 and 80 NL / min.

(Results of examination of the flow rate (linear velocity) of gas G)
The visualization results of the experiments under the above conditions are summarized as a flow map as shown in FIG. _VL on the vertical axis and _VR on the horizontal axis in FIG. 4 indicate the linear velocities (that is, the above-mentioned LVa and Lvb) of the left tower (first flow space 34) and the right tower (second flow space 35). .. The symbol “●” in FIG. 4 indicates a state in which the movement of the particle P is not observed. Note that "Δ" indicates a state in which bubbles are observed only on the left side of the fluidized bed 3 (first fluidized space 34), and "□" indicates bubbles only on the right side of the fluidized bed 3 (second fluidized space 35). Indicates a state in which the generation of bubbles is observed, and “◯” indicates a state in which the generation of bubbles is observed on both sides (first and second flow spaces 34 and 35). Further, "▲" indicates a state in which circulation of particles P in the clockwise direction (and generation of bubbles) is observed in the fluidized bed 3, while "■" indicates a counterclockwise direction in the fluidized bed 3. The state in which the circulation (and the generation of bubbles) of the particles P of the particles P is observed is shown.

Note that FIG. 5A shows an example of the flow state of the particles P in which circulation in the counterclockwise direction was observed. As described above, it was also confirmed that the circulation direction of the particles P in the two-column fluidized bed 3 can be changed by appropriately changing the linear velocity of the supply air G (Ga, Gb).

(Color-coded experiment)
Next, the first to fifth flow spaces 34, 35, 83, 84, 93 are sequentially filled with the blue particles P and the white particles P, and the particles P supplied from the feeder are also filled with the white particles P. A selection was made to visualize the particles P. The flow rate of each gas Ga to Ge was set to Gb = Gc = Gd = Ge = 20 NL / min and Ga = 55 NL / min (Ga> Gb).

(Results of color-coding experiment)
FIG. 6 shows a visualization image of the particle P at regular time intervals from immediately after the start of measurement (t = 0 [s]) to t = 5 [s]. Note that FIG. 5B is a diagram in which an arrow indicating the flow direction of the particle P is added to the visualization image of the particle P at t = 4 [s]. Under this test condition, the particles P are stably supplied to the second loop seal portion 9 while causing the internal circulation of the particles P in the “clockwise” in the two-tower fluidized bed 3 in the central portion, and the particles are discharged from the particle discharge port 7. It was confirmed that P was discharged.

As described above, the solar heat collecting device and the solar heat collecting method of the present invention have a configuration in which at least one of the first and second loop seal portions is connected to the fluidized bed in the heat collecting container (preferably). (Structure in which the fluidized bed is sandwiched by the first and second loop seal portions from both sides) is adopted. As a result, while ensuring the internal circulation flow of the particles in the fluidized bed directly under the irradiation unit, the introduction and / or the discharge of the particles from the outside of the heat collecting container (outside circulation flow of the particles) is also generated at the same time. It became possible.

Moreover, if the first and second loop seal portions of the preferred embodiment of the present invention are adopted, backflow can be prevented and flow can be promoted in a desired direction at each seal portion. It is possible to reliably flow the particles to the discharge port.

The solar heat collector of the present invention can be used for various purposes such as solar heat storage, solar thermal fuel conversion, coal coke gasification, biomass gasification, and thermal reduction reaction of a hydrothermal decomposition method. Not only this, the apparatus of the present invention has a configuration in which the internal circulation and the external circulation of particles are well combined, so that unlike the conventional batch type, the reaction such as continuous heat storage (highly efficient continuous operation). Can be caused.

In other words, the present invention can cope with an increase in the size of an apparatus and enable highly efficient solar heat collection.

As described above, the present invention has very high industrial applicability and industrial applicability.

1 Solar heat collector 2 Heat collector 2a Heat reduction reactor 2b Oxidation reactor 2 _ds Hydrothermal decomposition device (separate type reaction system)
3 Flow layer 4 Irradiation part 5 Gas introduction part 6 Particle introduction port 7 Particle discharge port 8 1st loop seal part 9 2nd loop seal part 10 Gas discharge part 11, 12 1st and 2nd transport paths 13 Heat storage container 14 Heat exchange Heat exchanger inlet and outlet pipes 21 Heat exchanger top plate 22 Front-rear side plate of heat collector container 23 Left-right side plate of heat collector container 23a Irradiation part side plate 24 Extension part 31, 32 Flow 1st and 2nd openings of the layer 33 1st partition plate 34, 35 1st and 2nd flow space of the flow layer 41 Window of the irradiation part 42 Cooling flow path 42a, 42b Cooling flow path inlet pipe, outlet pipe 51a, 51b, 51c 1st, 2nd, 3rd dispersion plate of gas introduction part 52a, 52b, 52c, 52d, 52e 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th introduction port 81 Lower part of 1st loop seal part Opening 82 2nd partition plate 83,84 3rd and 4th flow space of 1st loop seal part 85 1st wall 86 Seal outlet 91 Upper opening of 2nd loop seal part 92 3rd partition plate 93,94 1st 5th and 6th flow space of loop seal part 95 2nd wall 96 Seal inlet G (Ga, Gb, Gc, Gd, Ge) Gas supplied from gas introduction part LVa, LVb, LVc, LVd, LVe From gas introduction part Linear velocity of gas to be supplied P Heat storage particles S Condensed sunlight

Claims (12)

It is a solar heat collector equipped with a heat collecting container provided with a fluidized bed, an irradiation part, and a gas introduction part.
The fluidized bed is partitioned by a first partition plate provided between the first and second openings provided in the heat collecting container and the first and second openings, and a first partition plate. It is provided with the first and second flow spaces connected to the first and second openings and the particles in the first and second flow spaces.
The irradiation unit includes a window provided in the heat collecting container, and guides the condensed sunlight through the window to irradiate the particles.
The gas introduction unit includes a first dispersion plate provided in the flow layer and first and second introduction ports for introducing gas toward the first and second flow spaces through the first dispersion plate, and By making the linear velocity of the gas introduced from the first introduction port into the first flow space different from the linear velocity of the gas introduced into the second flow space from the second introduction port, the first flow space and the second flow space can be obtained. An internal circulation flow of the particles is generated between the particles.
The heat collecting container further includes at least one of a particle introduction port and a particle discharge port for introducing and discharging the particles, and at least one of the first and second loop seal portions connected to the fluidized bed.
The first loop seal portion connects the particle introduction port and the first flow space to supply the particles to the first flow space.
The second loop seal portion is a solar heat collecting device characterized in that the second flow space and the particle discharge port are connected to supply the particles in the second flow space to the particle discharge port. Both the first and second loop seal portions are provided in the heat collecting container, and the heat collecting container is provided with both first and second loop seal portions.
The first loop seal portion is provided on one side of the fluidized bed, and
The solar heat collecting device according to claim 1, wherein the second loop seal portion is provided on the other side of the fluidized bed. The sunlight according to claim 2, wherein the window of the irradiation unit is provided in the upper part of the heat collecting container, and the first dispersion plate of the gas introduction part is provided in the lower part of the fluidized bed. Heat collector. The first loop seal portion includes a lower opening, a second partition plate extending upward from the lower opening, and third and fourth fluidized beds separated by the second partition plate and connected to each other by the lower opening. Further provided with a first wall that separates the space, the fourth fluidized space and the first fluidized space of the fluidized bed, and a seal outlet provided above the fourth fluidized space and connected to the first fluidized space.
By connecting the particle introduction port to the upper part of the third flow space, new particles are introduced from the outside of the heat collecting container into the first loop seal portion, and pass through the third and fourth flow spaces and the seal outlet. The solar heat collector according to claim 3, wherein the solar heat collector is guided to the first fluidized space of the fluidized bed. The second loop seal portion includes an upper opening, a third partition plate extending downward from the upper opening, and fifth and sixth fluidized beds connected to each other by the upper opening while being partitioned by the third partition plate. A space and a second wall that separates the fifth flow space from the second flow space of the fluidized bed are further provided, and a seal entrance provided at the lower part of the fifth flow space and connected to the second flow space. Further prepared,
By connecting the particle discharge port to the lower part of the sixth fluidized space, the particles internally circulated in the fluidized bed are introduced from the seal inlet into the second loop seal portion, and the fifth and sixth fluidized spaces are introduced. The solar heat collecting device according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the particles are discharged from the particle discharge port to the outside of the heat collecting container. The gas introduction section is
The second dispersion plate provided at the bottom of the first loop seal portion and
The 3rd and 4th introduction ports that introduce gas into the 3rd and 4th flow spaces through the 2nd dispersion plate,
The solar heat collector according to claim 4 or 5, further comprising. The gas introduction section is
The third dispersion plate provided at the bottom of the second loop seal portion and
A fifth inlet that introduces gas toward the fifth flow space through the third dispersion plate,
The solar heat collector according to claim 5 or 6, further comprising. The solar heat collector is further provided with first and second transport paths and a heat storage container, and
The first transport path communicates the particle discharge port with the heat storage container so that the particles can be transported from the heat collecting container to the heat storage container.
The second transport path according to any one of claims 2 to 7, wherein the particles can be transported from the heat storage container to the heat collecting container by communicating the heat storage container and the particle introduction port. Solar heat collector. The solar heat collector according to any one of claims 2 to 8, wherein at least one of the group of quartz sand, iron oxide, and silicon carbide is selected as the particles. Metal oxide particles are selected as the particles, and
A gas capable of reducing the particles is selected as the gas supplied from the gas introduction unit, and a gas capable of reducing the particles is selected.
The solar heat collector according to any one of claims 2 to 8, wherein the heat collecting container is used as a heat reduction reactor of a hydrothermal decomposition method. Coal coke particles and flow medium particles are selected as the particles, and
The invention according to any one of claims 2 to 8, wherein steam is selected as the gas supplied from the gas introduction unit, and the heat collecting container is used as a reactor for gasifying coal coke particles. Solar heat collector. A method for collecting solar heat using the solar heat collecting device according to any one of claims 2 to 11.
The fluidized bed and the first and second loop seal portions are prefilled with the particles.
A gas is introduced into the first and second flow spaces from the gas introduction portion via the first dispersion plate, and the gas is introduced.
The particles are newly introduced from the particle introduction port connected to the first group seal portion, and the particles are newly introduced.
The particles are discharged from the particle discharge port connected to the second group seal portion, and the particles are discharged.
It is characterized in that the linear velocity of the gas introduced into the first and second flow spaces is set to be different, and the internal circulation flow of the particles is generated between the first flow space and the second flow space. Solar heat collection method.

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