CN112143582A - 一种航空发动机零部件积碳微乳型防腐清洗剂 - Google Patents
一种航空发动机零部件积碳微乳型防腐清洗剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN112143582A CN112143582A CN202011077524.2A CN202011077524A CN112143582A CN 112143582 A CN112143582 A CN 112143582A CN 202011077524 A CN202011077524 A CN 202011077524A CN 112143582 A CN112143582 A CN 112143582A
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- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
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- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
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- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种航空发动机积碳微乳型防腐清洗剂。本发明的航空发动机积碳微乳型防腐清洗剂由亲水性表面活性剂、亲油性表面活性剂、助表面活性剂、偶联剂、油相、缓蚀添加剂以及去离子水按照一定比例配制而成，各组分质量百分比为：亲水性表面活性剂5‑30％，亲油性表面活性剂1‑10％，助表面活性剂0.5‑6％，偶联剂5‑20％，油相8‑20％，缓蚀剂0.2‑3％，其余为去离子水。该清洗剂的技术特征在于：低泡、无磷、无氟、高闪点，弱碱性，绿色环保，对航空发动机零部件表面或内部积碳、重油污、灰尘等清洗效果好，同时具备防锈防腐的功能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及工业清洗技术领域，尤其涉及一种航空发动机零部件积碳及重油污微乳型防腐清洗剂。
背景技术
航空发动机经常在1000℃以上高温运行，航空燃料在氧和金属的催化作用下且温度较高时，经过氧化、热解、裂化、脱氢、焦化和聚合等一系列反应容易生成胶质、积碳等物质，这些胶质、积碳等沉积物质和一些沙尘油污等容易堵塞喷嘴、腐蚀叶片，造成发动机性能下降、器件磨损，反过来导致飞机燃油耗增加，火焰偏向烧蚀严重，排气污染物大幅度提高，严重影响航空飞机的使用寿命，形成恶性循环。目前，航空发动机零部件表面的积碳问题已引起世界各国航空从业领域的广泛关注和重视，其清洗已经成为航空发动机日常维护和修理时的必要环节和重要手段。
传统的航空发动机零部件积碳清洗主要是机械清除方法和航空煤油、汽油等浸泡清洗方法。近年国内外得到迅速发展的是以表面活性剂为主的水基和溶剂乳化型清洗剂，英、美、日、法等国已有Cee-Bee、Turbolean、Ardrox以及B&B3011等成熟的产品。我国对发动机专用积碳清洗的研究起步较晚，目前主要有北京大学、北京航空材料研究院等研制的RFQ-1、 FJ-1等溶剂乳化型产品和GT-1、GT-2等水基型产品。水基型清洗剂主要是借助含有的表面活性剂、乳化剂、渗透剂等的润湿、乳化、渗透分散、增溶等作用来实现对金属表面油污、油脂、蜡垢的清洗。近年逐渐发展起来的水基清洗剂大多具有较好的清洗功能，但所使用的表面活性剂仍存在含磷、含氟等问题；同时清洗剂含有较多的挥发性有机物质、消耗臭氧层类物质等，对大气环境及人类造成诸多伤害；有些含强碱性物质的水基清洗剂对基材或设备等存在潜在腐蚀；而且挥发性有机物质低闪点也使航空发动机日常维护和修理的安全性带来严重挑战。由此研发一款可以高效去除积碳和重型污垢并能有效延缓发动机金属材料腐蚀的绿色环保的清洗剂，成为航空发动机日常维护和修理的关键。针对航空发动机特有的结构复杂性、安全可靠性要求高及发动机零部件积碳成份复杂、结合顽固的特点，微乳型积碳防腐清洗是航空发动机零部件专用积碳清洗的必然发展趋势。
发明内容
本发明提供一种微乳型航空发动机零部件积碳防腐清洗剂，该清洗剂低泡、无磷、无氟、高闪点，呈弱碱性，绿色环保，能安全快速地清除航空发动机零部件表面或内部积碳、重油污、灰尘等污垢，同时对发动机部件多种金属材料具备优异的防锈防腐功能，其组分包括亲水性表面活性剂5-30％，亲油性表面活性剂1-10％，助表面活性剂0.5-6％，偶联剂0-20％，油相0-20％，缓蚀剂0.2-3％，其余为去离子水。
优选的，本发明所述的亲水性表面活性剂为脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸盐、烷基磺酸盐、脂肪酰醇胺及烷基葡萄糖苷中的一种或多种，脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸盐1.0-6.0％，仲烷基磺酸钠0.01-3.0％，脂肪酸二乙醇酰胺3-15％，烷基葡萄糖苷0.5-2.0％。
优选的，本发明所述的通式为R1-O-(CH2CH2O)n-OSO3M1的脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸盐， R1为C10-14的饱和直链烃基；聚氧乙烯醚链段的环氧乙烷加成数n位3-10。
优选的，本发明所述的通式为R2SO3M2的烷基磺酸盐，式中R2为C10-C12的直链烷基。
优选的，本发明所述的脂肪酰醇胺为椰子油二乙醇酰胺、油酸二乙醇酰胺。
优选的，本发明所述的烷基葡萄糖苷为新癸基葡萄糖苷、椰油基葡萄糖苷、硬脂基葡萄糖苷脂肪醇或脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚葡萄糖苷。
优选的，本发明所述的亲油性表面活性剂为聚醚胺。
优选的，本发明所述的助表面活性剂为正辛醇或正庚醇，含量为4-8％。
优选的，本发明所述的偶联剂为己二醇、异己二醇、丙二醇丁醚、三丙二醇甲醚、乙二醇二乙酸酯、二乙二醇丁醚乙酸酯中的一种或几种。
优选的，本发明所述的油相为高沸点烷烃溶剂油。
优选的，本发明所述的缓蚀剂为葡萄糖酸钠0.02-1％，钼酸钠0.03-0.05％，三乙醇胺 0.5-2.0％，0.1-0.4％硅酸钠。
本发明所述的清洗剂的制备方法是：
将5-30％的亲水性表面活性剂、0-20％的偶联剂、0.5-6％的助表面活性剂、0-20％的油相与1-10％的亲油性表面活性剂的混合液依次在搅拌条件下加入搅拌容器中，而后在40-60℃下继续搅拌10-30min形成透明液体A；将适量亲水性表面活性剂、0.2-3％的缓蚀剂以及配方中余量的去离子水依次加入另一搅拌容器中，室温下搅拌均匀溶解形成B液；将A液在室温搅拌下加入B液，搅拌5-15min形成均一透明液体,制得微乳型防腐清洗剂。
说明书附图说明
图1采用本发明实施例的清洗液对金属零部件积碳及重油污垢清洗前后对照图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本说明进一步说明，但实施例并非对本发明权利要求保护范围的具体限制。
实施例1
制备100g微乳型防腐清洗剂
取15g油酸二乙醇酰胺，1g新癸基葡萄糖苷，5g丙二醇丁醚，12g己二醇，5g正庚醇，5g脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸铵，15g聚醚胺,1g二乙醇胺混合，加热至50℃搅拌均匀；取1g仲烷基磺酸钠，39g去离子水，0.5g硅酸钠，0.5g葡萄糖酸钠，0.04g钼酸钠混合均匀，在搅拌下倒入上述溶液，直至均一透明。
实施例2
取6g椰子油脂肪酸二乙醇酰胺，2g椰油基葡萄糖苷，4g乙二醇二乙酸酯，12g己二醇， 6g正庚醇，4g脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸铵，5g D80,3g聚醚胺,0.5g三乙醇胺混合，加热至50℃搅拌均匀；取2g仲烷基磺酸钠，56.7g去离子水，0.3g硅酸钠，1.0g葡萄糖酸钠，0.03g钼酸钠混合均匀，在搅拌下倒入上述溶液，直至均一透明。
实施例3
取10g油酸二乙醇酰胺，2g硬脂基葡萄糖苷脂肪醇，2g二乙二醇丁醚乙酸酯，15g丙二醇丁醚，5g正辛醇，6g脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠，3g聚醚胺，8g D80,1g三乙醇胺混合，加热至50℃搅拌均匀；取1g仲烷基磺酸钠，48.2g去离子水，0.3g硅酸钠，0.5g葡萄糖酸钠，0.05g钼酸钠混合均匀，在搅拌下倒入上述溶液，直至均一透明。
实施例4
取7g油酸二乙醇酰胺，5g正庚醇，3g脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠，1g三乙醇胺混合，加热至40℃搅拌均匀；取2g烯基磺酸钠，77.6g去离子水，0.3g硅酸钠，0.05g钼酸铵混合均匀，在搅拌下倒入上述溶液，直至均一透明。
实施例5
清洗及抗腐蚀能力测试 (a)取上述实施例中的清洗剂浓缩液与水按1﹕9的比例稀释，测得闪点均大于99℃，将在 1200℃惰性气体中模拟的积碳零部件在其中浸泡2h,超声1h，按公式(i)计算，测得其清洗能力均大于98％。
η＝(m2-m1)/(m3-m1)×100％ (i)
η--清洗率，m1--零部件初始质量，m2--零部件附着积碳后的质量，m3--清洗后零部件的质量 (b)全浸腐蚀试验：参照GJB 5974-2007标准，将2A12铝合金，钛合金，45#碳钢在上述稀释液及浓缩液中浸泡7天，表面颜色光亮无变化，表面无蚀点、蚀坑、蚀斑以及其他局部腐蚀，满足航空发动机日常维护和修理中零部件加工或装配中的清洗防腐要求。
实施例6
将附着积碳及重油污垢的金属零部件在实施例1的稀释液中浸泡2h，超声1h，清洗前后进行对比(图1)，发现零部件上的积碳油污清除彻底，恢复光亮的金属光泽。
本发明不局限于上述部分实施方式，在不脱离本发明技术方案内容的前提下，依据本发明的技术实质对实施例进行的各种简单修改、等型变化都属于要求保护的本发明范围内。
Claims (12)
1.一种航空发动机零部件积碳微乳型防腐清洗剂，其特征在于：由亲水性表面活性剂、亲油性表面活性剂、助表面活性剂、偶联剂、油相、缓蚀添加剂以及去离子水按照一定比例配制而成。各组分质量百分比为：亲水性表面活性剂5-30％，亲油性表面活性剂1-10％，助表面活性剂0.5-6％，偶联剂0-20％，油相0-20％，缓蚀剂0.2-3％，其余为去离子水。
2.根据权利要求1所述的清洗剂，其特征在于：所述的亲水性表面活性剂为脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸盐、烷基磺酸盐、脂肪酰醇胺及烷基葡萄糖苷中的一种或多种。
3.根据权利要求2所述的清洗剂，其特征在于：所述的脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸盐分子通式为R1-O-(CH2CH2O)n-OSO3M1,式中R1为饱和的或不饱和的C6-18的直链或直链烃基；n代表聚氧乙烯醚链段的环氧乙烷加成数，范围在3-20；M1代表钠盐或铵盐。
4.根据权利要求2所述的清洗剂，其特征在于：所述的烷基磺酸盐通式为R2SO3M2，式中R2为C10-16的直链烷基；M2为碱金属或碱土金属。
5.根据权利要求2所述的清洗剂，其特征在于：所述的脂肪酰醇胺为高级脂肪酸中的羟基被醇胺化合物中胺基取代所得，高级脂肪酸是C6-C26的直链或支链饱和脂肪酸或不饱和脂肪酸，醇胺为单乙醇胺、二乙醇胺或三乙醇胺。
6.根据权利要求2所述的清洗剂，其特征在于：所述的烷基葡萄糖苷为脂肪醇和葡萄糖合成的C8-16的烷基糖苷。
7.根据权利要求1所述的清洗剂，其特征在于：所述的亲油性表面活性剂为司苯类、聚醚类、聚醚胺类中的一种或几种。
8.根据权利要求1所述的清洗剂，其特征在于：所述的助表面活性剂为C8-16的直链或支链脂肪醇。
9.根据权利要求1所述的清洗剂，其特征在于：所述的偶联剂为长链有机二醇类、醇醚类以及醇醚乙酸酯类中的一种或多种。
10.根据权利要求1所述的清洗剂，其特征在于：所述的油相为高沸点烷烃溶剂油。
11.根据权利要求1所述的清洗剂，其特征在于：所述的缓蚀剂为葡萄糖酸钠0.02-0.5％，钼酸钠0.03-0.05％与三乙醇胺0.5-2.0％中的一种或几种与0.1-0.4％硅酸钠复合。
12.根据权利要求11所述的清洗剂，其特征在于：所述的缓蚀剂优选为葡萄糖酸钠0.02-1％，钼酸钠0.03-0.05％，三乙醇胺0.5-2.0％及硅酸钠0.1-0.4％。
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