CN112138081B - 一种抗新型冠状病毒的药物及制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种抗新型冠状病毒的药物及制备方法,包括以下重量份配比的原料药:人参10‑25份、金银花10‑20份、连翘10‑20份、石膏10‑30份、知母10‑25份、枳实5‑20份、全瓜蒌10‑20份、生大黄1‑15份、滑石5‑30份和生甘草3‑9份。本发明可增强机体免疫力,参与调节宿主抗微生物的免疫炎症反应,抗击新型冠状病毒肺炎,以减少、延缓轻症患者发展成为重症患者,以及减少、避免重症患者器官损害和(或)死亡。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种抗病毒的药物及制备方法,特别是一种抗新型冠状病毒的药物及制备方法。
背景技术
COVID-19为β属的冠状病毒,有包膜,传染性强,主要通过呼吸道飞沫传播,也可通过直接接触和气溶胶传播,粪-口传播尚不能除外。COVID-19已纳入《中华人民共和国传染病防治法》乙类,按甲类管理。针对病毒感染性疾病,现代医学无特效药,中医药成为最有希望战胜瘟疫的后盾。
中医中药有着几千年的历史沉淀,在人类与疾病斗争的长河中多次与瘟疫类疾病交锋,守护住了中华民族的健康与延续。新型冠状病毒感染属于中医“瘟疫”、“疫病”的范畴。《素问·刺法论》:“五疫之至,皆相染易,无问大小,病状相似。”《广瘟疫论》:“瘟疫者何?乃天地之疠气也。”《温病条辨》:“疫者,疠气流行,多兼秽浊。”何为疠气?《素问·风论》:“风之伤人也,或为寒热……或为疠气。”可见,此次大流行的瘟疫之毒是乘疠风而至,是有言风为百病之长,“至其变化,乃为他病。”新冠肺炎传染性极强,无论男女老少、体弱体健均为易感人群。
研究发现新冠肺炎当如熊继柏国医大师所言之温热疫。《广瘟疫论》:“疠气伤人,令人壮热,故曰瘟。”其病因为疠气夹杂温热疫毒(可能因于“岁少阳在泉”之异候)从口鼻而入上犯于肺卫;病性属温热,以“热”为主,而非“湿”;病位在肺,不在胃。临床上可以见到,新冠肺炎患者以发热为主症,多为干咳,咳痰不明显,舌象大多表现为舌质红、干燥少津,部分出现黄厚腻苔。新冠肺炎总体病机为温热疫疠之毒袭于肺,化火伤阴、炼津为痰,阻遏气机。准确辨析病机是预见性干预和治疗成败的关键。《素问》曰:“谨守病机,各司其属”。根据上述病机我们总结出了“一散四泄”的抗疫策略——一散即驱散疠风、凉散疫毒,宜用辛凉之剂,忌用辛温发汗之品,宜银翘散之类;四泄即清肺泄火(如白虎汤类)、通腑泄火(如承气汤类)、降气泄火(如达原饮类)和通阳泄火(如八正散类)。
对于新冠肺炎的中医治疗,若能始终“谨守病机”就能“要道必行,桴鼓相应”。绝大多数新冠肺炎重症患者都是从轻症一步步发展而成的,只有极少数患者确诊之初即是重症。所以,若能在确诊之初准确把握病机,辨病施治就能大大减少重症患者,降低新冠肺炎死亡率。《素问·四气调神大论》:“圣人不治已病治未病,不治已乱治未乱,此之谓也。夫病已成而后药之,乱已成而后治之,譬犹渴而穿井,斗而铸锥,不亦晚乎!”在未发生重症之前,有预见性地准确阻断和干预,治疗成本会低很多、治疗难度也会小很多、治愈率也会高很多。
辨病施治的“一散四泄”抗疫策略能有效辨治新冠肺炎,充分发挥中医药抗击瘟疫的优势和作用,减少、延缓轻症患者发展成为重症患者,以及减少、避免重症患者器官损害和(或)死亡。临床实践中,我们常需在辨病基础上针对不同证型和个体加减。虽证型多变但疾病本质病机始终不会改变,所以在辨病的大前提下辩证,不仅能提高辩证效率,还能大大提高临床疗效。基于“一散四泄”抗疫策略,我们拟定了用于治疗新冠肺炎确诊病例的药物。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于,一种抗新型冠状病毒的药物及制备方法。本发明具有扶助正气的功效,能有效防治新型冠状病毒。
本发明的技术方案:一种抗新型冠状病毒的药物,包括以下重量份配比的原料药:人参10-25份、金银花10-20份、连翘10-20份、石膏10-30份、知母10-25份、枳实5-20份、全瓜蒌10-20份、生大黄1-15份、滑石5-30份和生甘草3-9份。
前述的抗新型冠状病毒的药物,包括以下重量份配比的原料药:人参12-20份、金银花12-18份、连翘13-17份、石膏15-30份、知母15-25份、枳实10-15份、全瓜蒌13-17份、生大黄3-6份、滑石10-15份和生甘草4-8份。
前述的抗新型冠状病毒的药物,包括以下重量份配比的原料药:人参15份、金银花15份、连翘15份、石膏15份、知母15份、枳实10份、全瓜蒌15份、生大黄3份、滑石10份和生甘草6份。
前述的抗新型冠状病毒的药物,包括以下重量份配比的原料药:人参15份、金银花15份、连翘15份、石膏20份、知母20份、枳实15份、全瓜蒌15份、生大黄6份、滑石15份和生甘草6份。
一种前述的抗新型冠状病毒的药物的制备方法,是将所述原料药按照常规方法制成口服制剂。
前述的抗新型冠状病毒的药物的制备方法,所述口服制剂包括汤剂、煎膏剂、胶囊剂或片剂。
前述的抗新型冠状病毒的药物的制备方法,所述汤剂的制备方法包括如下步骤:
1)将除石膏以外的其他原料药用冷水浸泡15-25min,得A品;
2)将石膏用冷水浸泡15-25min,加热煎煮10-20min,得B品;
3)将A品中的生大黄取出,把其他部分的原料药和浸泡水一起加入B品中,中火熬开,然后改小火,立即将取出的生大黄加入上述药液中继续煎煮3-8min,将药渣分离后取药汤服用即可。
前述的抗新型冠状病毒的药物的制备方法,所述步骤1)和步骤2)在浸泡时,冷水液面没过原料药1-2cm。
方中以人参为君药补益五脏之气,扶助正气祛邪外出。人参,味甘、微寒,功能大补元气——“主补五脏,安精神”(《神农本草经》);“补五脏六腑,保中守神”(《药性论》)。“一散四泄”之金银花、连翘、石膏、知母、枳实、瓜蒌、生大黄、滑石共为臣药,共奏凉散疫毒、清肺泄火、降气泄火、通腑泄火、通阳泄火之功。其中金银花、连翘相须为用以疏散风热疫毒之邪。金银花,味甘、寒,入肺经,功能清解疏散热毒——“主热毒血痢,消痈散毒”(《雷公炮制药性解》);“清络中风火湿热,解温疫秽恶毒邪”(《重庆堂随笔》)。连翘,苦、微寒,入肺、心经,功能清散热毒、消肿散结——“散火解郁”(《医学入门》);“去上焦诸热”(《医学启源》)。以石膏、知母相须为用清泻肺热火毒之邪。石膏,味辛、微寒,功能清热泻火、除烦止渴——“除时气,头痛身热,三焦大热”(《名医别录》);“治热狂,火嗽,收热汗,诸热痰”(《长沙药解》)。知母,味苦、寒,功能清热泻火,滋阴润燥。知母苦而不燥,助石膏清泻肺中火热之邪的同时又能顾护肺阴。新冠肺炎总体病机为温热疫疠之毒袭于肺,化火伤阴、炼津为痰,阻遏气机。故方中以枳实、瓜蒌相须为用破气化痰、清热化痰。枳实,苦、辛、微寒,功能破气消积、化痰除痞;瓜蒌,甘、微苦寒,功能清热化痰、宽胸散结、润肠通便。“肺与大肠相表里”,泄肺必通其腑,腑气通则肺气降,肺气降、火亦降。故方中以生大黄通腑泄热,导肺热从大便而去。生大黄,味苦、寒,功能泻下攻积,清热泻火,凉血解毒。方中以滑石清热利水通淋,导热从小便而去。以甘草为佐使药,扶助正气、调和诸药。
全方以以人参、甘草扶助正气,并以“一散四泄”表里双解的抗疫策略指导组方——以银花、连翘疏散在卫之温热疠气;以石膏、知母清泄在里之温热疫毒;以大黄通腑泄火;以枳实、瓜蒌降气泄火;以滑石通阳泄火,最终鼓动正气外散和内泄疫毒。
本发明药物的方解及加减如下:
“正气存内,邪不可干,邪之所凑,其气必虚。”现今无特效的抗病毒药,主要依靠人体免疫力,免疫强则预后佳;免疫差则预后差,所以扶助正气成为中医抗击新型肺炎的最关键策略之一。
若患者为青壮年,则人参用量为15g;但若患者平素身体较差,可以增大人参用量,可以增至20g或者25g。若患者年老体弱,且基础疾病较多,则应加大补益剂的用量,可以将人参增加到20g,同时,当患者正气亏虚严重时,可以增大人参用量的基础上加入其他补益剂如黄芪5-10g、西洋参5-10g、党参5-10g,对于以气阴亏虚为主的患者可首选西洋参、党参。西洋参、党参亦可以补气阴,对热邪伤阴之病尤为适合。另外需注意,在体质虚弱及病危患者中应强化补益剂的使用,下述将要述及的诸多祛邪治法中所用方药剂量均不宜过大,以免祛邪伤正加速病情进展。
凉散,金银花、连翘为疏散风热之品,若病邪较重,可酌加桑叶、菊花、柴胡、薄荷等辛凉解表之品1-3味,单味用量不超过20g即可。《广温疫论》:“温热由伏气而成,热而不冷,初起即宜凉解”。但忌用辛温发汗之品,如麻黄、桂枝。《温疫论》:“强求其汗,妄耗津液,经气先虚,邪气不损,依然发热”。病本于热邪,津液已伤,若再发汗,更伤津液,恐致败症。
清肺泄火,石膏、知母为清泻肺热的君药药对。石膏归肺经、胃经,正切合病机。“手太阴之脉,起于中焦,还循胃口”。肺经之热,未有不下移至胃经者。今肺受温热疫毒侵袭,胃经也难于幸免,石膏为清肺胃热之要药,所以为治疗此次新冠状肺炎的将军药。若病情较重、肺热炽盛,则可加大石膏、知母用量,但最大分别不超过30g、25g。同时可考虑增加清肺热之药如生黄芩5-10g、桑白皮5-10g等。若热邪充斥三焦可加入生栀子5-10g、生黄连5-10g、生黄柏5-10g等。若热邪入营血,则可加入清热凉血之品如生地黄5-10g、水牛角5-10g、丹皮5-10g、赤芍5-10g等。
降气泄火,《温疫论》强调不能见热清热,言:“火不能自运,赖气为之运。所以气升火亦升,气降火亦降,气行火亦行”。吴有性治疗瘟疫邪在膜原之达原饮的主药(槟榔、厚朴、草果)均为破气、行气之品,气行则火行、气降则火降,是故疗温热疫有效。师其法而不泥其方,方中易为枳实、全瓜蒌。枳实性微寒,长于破气化痰;瓜蒌性寒,瓜蒌皮长于宽胸理气,瓜蒌仁长于清热化痰。新冠肺炎总体病机为温热疫疠之毒袭于肺,化火伤阴、炼津为痰,阻遏气机,故用枳实、全瓜蒌正中病机。若患者痰热壅盛,可加大两者用量,和(或)加浙贝母15-20g、法半夏10-15g、竹茹15-20g等以增强清热化痰之力。
通腑泄火,生大黄性苦寒,长于通腑泄热,药力峻猛,不宜大剂量使用。推荐先自小剂量起(如6g),若腑气不通、热邪炽盛明显则可根据患者体质增大生大黄用量,但用量不宜超过15g;也可加入适量芒硝5-10g,助力大黄。若腑实证明显者,也可直接配以大承气汤全方。“肺与大肠相表里”,泄肺必通其腑,腑气通则肺气降,肺气降、火亦降。五瘟丹、三圣丹、普济消毒饮、二圣救苦丸,皆为治疗瘟疫初起的良剂,且均以大黄为君药。
通阳泄火,滑石性寒,功能清热利水通淋。若患者热势较重,除增加石膏、知母用量外,也可增大滑石用量(如20-30g)。叶天士《温热论》:“热病救阴犹易,通阳最难……通阳不在温,而在利小便”。热病后期可能会出现热闭于内的闭证,表现为手足厥冷,治在利小便速泄其热。我们不必等到出现闭证危象的时候才用该法,而应师其法泄其热,将其纳入热病治疗大法中,导热速从小便而去。
综上所述,新冠肺炎的中医病机为:疠气夹杂温热疫毒从口鼻而入袭于肺位,化火伤阴、炼津为痰,阻遏气机。病性以“温热”为主,而非“湿”;病位在肺,不在胃。为有效辨治新冠肺炎,充分发挥中医药抗击瘟疫的优势和作用,我们根据上述病机特点总结制定了“一散四泄”表里双解的抗疫策略。疏散在卫之温热疠气,治当法银翘散类,药如银花、连翘之辈。清泄在里之温热疫毒,治当法白虎汤类,药如石膏、知母之辈;通腑泄火,治当法承气汤类,药如大黄、芒硝之辈;降气泄火,治当法达原饮,药如枳实、厚朴之辈,其它宣降肺气之品亦可;通阳泄火,治当法八正散,药如滑石、车前草之辈。另外,扶助正气也是中医抗击新冠肺炎的最关键策略之一,应贯穿于上述策略始终。对于年老、体质虚弱及病危患者上述祛邪策略应从属于扶正策略,且祛邪易缓图、药量宜小不宜大。
网络药理学分析
中医有着几千年的抗击瘟疫经验,在尚无特效化学药物的情况下,中药成为战胜此次瘟疫的强有力后盾。目前的新冠肺炎中医病机认识不一,且多以辩证治疗为主。研究组通过梳理历代温疫相关经典著作,重新总结、提炼病机,提出“一散四泄”表里双解抗疫策略,主张以辨病论治为基础辨证论治,创制辨病诊治的基础方剂,并推荐用于我科援鄂抗疫一线。其中发明人宋雪利(贵州省援鄂中医专家队)和陈杨(武汉大学人民医院)均为援鄂专家。
研究组利用网络药理学的方法,获得了本发明药物可能作用于COVID19的59个目标基因。它们主要富集在IL-17信号通路、TNF信号通路、C型凝集素受体信号通路、NF-kappaB信号通路等,主要富集在维持B细胞稳态、T细胞迁移、IL8产生等生物学过程,与宿主抗病原微生物的免疫炎症反应密切相关。
具体分析过程如下:基于系统药理学的中药复方研究思路,课题组首先从经典疾病数据库OMIM、GeneCards中检索出510个与人类新冠病毒感染相关的基因。再从中药数据库TCMSP中检索出类似药物中所有中药成分的234个作用靶点。利用Venn在线工具对二者取交集共得到59个目标基因,它们可能是基础方剂所含中药成分抗击新冠病毒的主要作用靶点(图1)。利用String在线工具对上述59个目标基因绘制蛋白互作网路如图2所示。利用Cytoscape软件的cytoHubba插件进行核心网络子集提取,得到处于网络核心的前10个基因如图3所示。利用DAVID在线数据库对目标基因进行GO功能富集与KEGG通路富集分析如表1、图4-5所示。
表1目标基因富集分析主要结果
目标基因主要富集在IL-17信号通路、TNF信号通路、C型凝集素受体信号通路、NF-kappa B信号通路、细胞凋亡信号通路、程序性细胞坏死通路、趋化因子信号通路、B细胞受体信号通路。目标基因主要富集的生物学过程有维持B细胞内稳态、花生四烯酸代谢、内源性凋亡信号通路对DNA损伤的调控、自噬的正向调控、上皮细胞凋亡的负调控、游离钙离子释放到胞浆的正调控、T细胞迁移、钙离子跨膜转运的正调控、钙离子进入胞浆的正调控、IL-8产生的调节、游离钙离子释放到胞浆中的调节、参与免疫应答的细胞因子产生、对过氧化氢的反应、调节免疫应答分子介质的产生等。由此可见,目标基因多与抗炎症反应、免疫反应相关,基础方剂可能通过上述相关生物学过程和通路发挥作用。
其中最最重要的10个基因分别是IL6、IL10、MAPK8、CXCL8、PTGS2、STAT3、MMP9、MAPK3、ALB、CASP3。ALB具有抗氧化活性,源自它的肽EPI-X4是CXCR4趋化因子受体的内源性抑制剂。PTGS2受特定刺激事件的调节,表明它参与同炎症和有丝分裂有关的前列腺素的生物合成。IL10可以增强B细胞的存活、增殖及抗体的产生,并具有阻断NF-κB活性的作用。MMP9参与生理病理状态下细胞外基质的分解,编码的酶能降解IV型和V型胶原。CASP3在细胞凋亡的执行阶段起着关键作用,同时与T、B细胞稳态相关。IL6编码在炎症和B细胞成熟中起作用的细胞因子,该蛋白主要在急性和慢性炎症部位产生,分泌到血清中,并通过IL-6α受体诱导转录炎症相关蛋白,该基因涉及多种与炎症相关的疾病,且参与病原微生物的防御反应。CXCL8编码的蛋白质是CXC趋化因子家族的成员,主要由嗜中性粒细胞分泌,是炎症反应的主要介质,通过引导嗜中性粒细胞到达感染部位而作为趋化因子。该基因在由病毒感染引起的常见呼吸道疾病——细支气管炎的发病机理中起作用。STAT3编码的蛋白质与细胞因子和(或)生长因子结合后被激酶磷酸化激活并易位至细胞核,充当转录激活因子,在许多细胞过程(例如细胞生长和凋亡)中起关键作用。MAPK8编码的蛋白质是MAP激酶家族的成员,充当多种生物化学信号的整合点,并参与多种细胞过程,例如增殖,分化,转录调节和发育。该激酶被各种细胞刺激激活,并靶向特定的转录因子,因此介导对细胞刺激的早期基因表达。研究表明发现该激酶的激活是TNF-α诱导的细胞凋亡所必需,且它还其与T细胞增殖、凋亡、分化相关等。MAPK3编码的蛋白质也是MAP激酶家族的成员,也称为细胞外信号调节激酶(ERK),在信号级联反应中起作用,该信号级联响应各种细胞外信号调节各种细胞过程,例如增殖、分化和细胞周期进程。
上述核心基因主要富集在IL-17信号通路、TNF信号通路、C型凝集素受体信号通路。
白细胞介素17(IL-17)家族是由IL-17A-F组成的细胞因子集,在急性和慢性炎症反应中都起着至关重要的作用。IL-17A是新定义的T辅助细胞17(TH17)细胞亚群的标志性细胞因子,IL-17A、IL-17C在保护宿主免受细胞外病原体的侵害中起着重要作用;IL-17E(IL-25)是TH2免疫应答的放大器;IL-17F主要参与粘膜宿主防御机制。IL-17家族通过其相应的受体发出信号,并激活包括NF-κB、MAPK等在内的下游途径,以诱导抗菌肽、细胞因子和趋化因子的表达。如图6所示,CASP3、CXCL8、IL6、MAPK3、MAPK8、MMP9、PTGS2均参与到该通路与宿主防御病原体的免疫炎症密切相关。
TNF作为一种重要的细胞因子,可以诱导多种细胞内信号通路,包括细胞凋亡和存活、炎症、免疫。TNFR1几乎在所有细胞中表达,并且是TNF-α的主要受体。相反,TNFR2在有限的细胞中表达,例如CD4和CD8 T淋巴细胞,内皮细胞等,它同时是TNF-α和TNF-β的受体。TNFR1信号传导诱导许多基因的激活,这些基因主要受两个不同的途径控制,即NF-κB途径和MAPK级联,或凋亡和程序性坏死。TNFR2信号传导激活NF-κB通路,包括依赖PI3K的NF-κB通路和JNK通路导致细胞生存。所图7所示,富集到该通路的目标基因包括CASP3、IL6、MAPK3、MAPK8、MMP9、PTGS2。
C型凝集素受体(CLR)是蛋白质的大型超家族,其特征是存在一个或多个C型凝集素样结构域(CTLD)。CLR是病原体来源配体的模式识别受体(PRR),多位于树突状细胞、巨噬细胞、嗜中性粒细胞等。例如Dectin-1和Dectin-2,用于识别真菌来源的B-葡聚糖和高甘露糖型碳水化合物。与配体结合后,CLR刺激细胞内信号传导级联反应,从而诱导炎性细胞因子和趋化因子的产生,触发对病原体的先天性和适应性免疫。如图8所示,富集到该通路的目标基因包括IL10、IL6、MAPK3、MAPK8、PTGS2。
综上所述,本发明药物与宿主抗病原微生物的免疫炎症反应密切相关,可能通过上述分子和通路机制发挥抗击新型冠状肺炎的作用。推测本发明药物通过增强机体免疫力,调节宿主抗微生物的免疫炎症反应,发挥抗击新型冠状肺炎的作用,以减少、延缓轻症患者发展成为重症患者,以及减少、避免重症患者器官损害和(或)死亡。
附图说明
附图1为韦恩图;
附图2为靶点基因蛋白互作图;
附图3为核心子网络;
附图4为目标基因生物过程(BP)富集分析;
附图5为目标基因通路(KEGG)富集分析;
附图6为IL17信号通路;
附图7为TNF信号通路;
附图8为C型凝集素受体信号通路。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步的说明,但并不作为对本发明限制的依据。
本发明的实施例
实施例1:一种抗新型冠状病毒的药物,组方:人参15g、金银花15g、连翘15g、石膏20g、知母20g、枳实15g、全瓜蒌15g、生大黄6g、滑石15g和生甘草6g。
汤剂的制备方法:
1)将人参、金银花、连翘、知母、枳实、全瓜蒌、生大黄、滑石和生甘草用冷水浸泡15min,得A品;
2)将石膏用冷水浸泡15min,得B品;
3)将B品加热煎煮10min,得C品;
4)将A品中的生大黄取出,把其他部分的药材和浸泡水一起加入C品中,中火熬开,然后改小火,将取出的生大黄加入后继续煎煮3min,将药渣分离后取药汤服用即可;所述步骤1)和步骤2)在浸泡时,冷水液面没过药材1cm。
服用方法:
服用时温服,200ml/次,2-4次/天。
主要功效:增强机体免疫力,调节宿主抗微生物的免疫炎症反应,抗击新型冠状病毒肺炎,以减少、延缓轻症患者发展成为重症患者,以及减少、避免重症患者器官损害和(或)死亡。
实施例2:一种抗新型冠状病毒的药物,组方:人参15g、金银花15g、连翘15g、石膏15g、知母15g、枳实10g、全瓜蒌15g、生大黄3g、滑石10g和生甘草6g。
汤剂的制备方法:
1)将人参、金银花、连翘、知母、枳实、全瓜蒌、生大黄、滑石和生甘草用冷水浸泡25min,得A品;
2)将石膏用冷水浸泡25min,得B品;
3)将B品加热煎煮20min,得C品;
4)将A品中的生大黄取出,把其他部分的药材和浸泡水一起加入C品中,中火熬开,然后改小火,将取出的生大黄加入后继续煎煮8min,将药渣分离后取药汤服用即可;所述步骤1)和步骤2)在浸泡时,冷水液面没过药材2cm。
服用方法:
服用时温服,200ml/次,2-4次/天。
主要功效:增强机体免疫力,调节宿主抗微生物的免疫炎症反应,抗击新型冠状病毒肺炎,以减少、延缓轻症患者发展成为重症患者,以及减少、避免重症患者器官损害和(或)死亡。
实施例3:一种抗新型冠状病毒的药物,组方:人参10g、金银花10g、连翘10g、石膏10g、知母10g、枳实5g、全瓜蒌10g、生大黄1g、滑石5g和生甘草3g。
汤剂的制备方法:
1)将人参、金银花、连翘、知母、枳实、全瓜蒌、生大黄、滑石和生甘草用冷水浸泡25min,得A品;
2)将石膏用冷水浸泡25min,得B品;
3)将B品加热煎煮20min,得C品;
4)将A品中的生大黄取出,把其他部分的药材和浸泡水一起加入C品中,中火熬开,然后改小火,将取出的生大黄加入后继续煎煮8min,将药渣分离后取药汤服用即可;所述步骤1)和步骤2)在浸泡时,冷水液面没过药材2cm。
服用方法:
服用时温服,200ml/次,2-4次/天。
主要功效:增强机体免疫力,调节宿主抗微生物的免疫炎症反应,抗击新型冠状病毒肺炎,以减少、延缓轻症患者发展成为重症患者,以及减少、避免重症患者器官损害和(或)死亡。
实施例4:一种抗新型冠状病毒的药物,组方:人参25g、金银花20g、连翘20g、石膏30g、知母25g、枳实20g、全瓜蒌20g、生大黄15g、滑石30g和生甘草9g。
汤剂的制备方法:
1)将人参、金银花、连翘、知母、枳实、全瓜蒌、生大黄、滑石和生甘草用冷水浸泡15min,得A品;
2)将石膏用冷水浸泡15min,得B品;
3)将B品加热煎煮10min,得C品;
4)将A品中的生大黄取出,把其他部分的药材和浸泡水一起加入C品中,中火熬开,然后改小火,将取出的生大黄加入后继续煎煮3min,将药渣分离后取药汤服用即可;所述步骤1)和步骤2)在浸泡时,冷水液面没过药材1cm。
服用方法:
服用时温服,200ml/次,2-4次/天。
主要功效:增强机体免疫力,调节宿主抗微生物的免疫炎症反应,抗击新型冠状病毒肺炎,以减少、延缓轻症患者发展成为重症患者,以及减少、避免重症患者器官损害和(或)死亡。
实施例5:一种抗新型冠状病毒的药物,组方:人参25g、金银花20g、连翘20g、石膏30g、知母25g、枳实20g、全瓜蒌20g、生大黄15g、滑石30g和生甘草9g,另外再加黄芪5-10g、西洋参5-10g或者党参5-10g。
汤剂的制备方法:
1)将人参、金银花、连翘、知母、枳实、全瓜蒌、生大黄、滑石和生甘草,以及黄芪、西洋参或党参用冷水浸泡15min,得A品;
2)将石膏用冷水浸泡15min,得B品;
3)将B品加热煎煮10min,得C品;
4)将A品中的生大黄取出,把其他部分的药材和浸泡水一起加入C品中,中火熬开,然后改小火,将取出的生大黄加入后继续煎煮3min,将药渣分离后取药汤服用即可;所述步骤1)和步骤2)在浸泡时,冷水液面没过药材1cm。
服用方法:
服用时温服,200ml/次,2-4次/天。
主要功效:增强机体免疫力,调节宿主抗微生物的免疫炎症反应,抗击新型冠状病毒肺炎,以减少、延缓轻症患者发展成为重症患者,以及减少、避免重症患者器官损害和(或)死亡,并且该药物主要针对患者正气亏虚严重时使用,而对于以气阴亏虚为主的患者可首选西洋参或党参。
实施例6:一种抗新型冠状病毒的药物,组方:人参25g、金银花20g、连翘20g、石膏30g、知母25g、枳实20g、全瓜蒌20g、生大黄15g、滑石30g和生甘草9g,另外,再加生黄岑5-10g或者桑白皮5-10g。
汤剂的制备方法:
1)将人参、金银花、连翘、知母、枳实、全瓜蒌、生大黄、滑石和生甘草,以及生黄岑或者桑白皮用冷水浸泡15min,得A品;
2)将石膏用冷水浸泡15min,得B品;
3)将B品加热煎煮10min,得C品;
4)将A品中的生大黄取出,把其他部分的药材和浸泡水一起加入C品中,中火熬开,然后改小火,将取出的生大黄加入后继续煎煮3min,将药渣分离后取药汤服用即可;所述步骤1)和步骤2)在浸泡时,冷水液面没过药材1cm。
服用方法:
服用时温服,200ml/次,2-4次/天。
主要功效:增强机体免疫力,调节宿主抗微生物的免疫炎症反应,抗击新型冠状病毒肺炎,以减少、延缓轻症患者发展成为重症患者,以及减少、避免重症患者器官损害和(或)死亡;并且该药物适用于病情较重,肺热炽盛患者。
实施例7:本实施例与实施例6类似,区别在于:对于热邪充斥三焦的患者,可加入生栀子5-10g、生黄连5-10g或者生黄柏5-10g。
实施例8:本实施例与实施例6类似,区别在于:若患者热邪入营血,可加入生地黄5-10g、水牛角5-10g、丹皮5-10g或赤芍5-10g。
实施例9:本实施例与实施例4类似,区别在于:针对腑气不通、热邪炽盛明显患者,可增加5-10g芒硝。芒硝是在最终服用的药液中进行添加,加入药液熔化后即可服用。
应用实例:
申××,女,68岁。因发热伴咳嗽咳痰10天,于2020年02月07日在武汉大学人民医院住院治疗。通过胸部CT检查及核酸检测确诊为新型冠状病毒肺炎。02月28日复查胸部CT,双肺仍可见较多散在麿玻璃灶。
辨病:瘟疫(新型冠状病毒肺炎)
辩证:热伤气阴证
药物:本发明药物加减
组成:党参15g,西洋参10g,金银花15g,连翘15g,石膏15g(包煎),知母15g,枳实10g,全瓜蒌10g,生大黄3g(后下),滑石10g(包煎),丹皮6g,赤芍6g,生甘草6g。
方义:患者年老气精亏虚、正气不足,加之温疫之热耗伤肺之气阴,故神疲乏力,动则气促明显。故以功善补气阴之党参、西洋参替代人参本药物。仍以金银花、连翘辛凉散邪。考虑到患者年老体弱,祛邪宜缓图以免伤正,故将苦寒之石膏、知母用量减至15g,在能发挥清泄肺胃热邪的情况下,无伤于中焦阳气。同理,将破气降气化痰的枳实、全瓜蒌减至10g,将通腑泄热的生大黄减至3g,清热利水的滑石减至10g。患者舌质红降,提示热邪伤津,津血同源,热扰营血,需清热凉血、散血,故入少量丹皮、赤芍凉血活血。生甘草调和诸药,且有补气阴的作用。全方兼顾扶正、祛邪,辨证着重补益气阴,同时辨病着重“一散四泄”,所用祛邪药物普遍减量,以缓药力使祛邪而不伤正。
目前患者无明显咳嗽咳痰,但仍感活动后气促,饮食及睡眠状况可,舌降红、苔薄白。
邵×,女,75岁。患者于2020年01月30日开始出现发热,热型不规则,伴咳嗽、咳痰,诉乏力、胸闷、气短。通过胸部CT检查及核酸检测确诊为新型冠状病毒肺炎。患者因病情较重于ICU重症病房治疗,至2020年02月27日患者病情仍无明显好转,意识状态较差,嗜睡,颈抵试验阳性,四肢无自主活动,肌力2级,肌张力明显增高,生理反射及病理反射均未引出。面色苍白,舌降红、苔薄黄,脉细数。
辨病:瘟疫(新型冠状病毒肺炎)
辨证:热毒内陷证(危候)
药物:本发明药物加减
组成:人参20g,黄芪15g,金银花15g,连翘15g,石膏20g(包煎),知母20g,枳实15g,全瓜蒌15g,生大黄6g(后下),滑石15g(包煎),生甘草10g。
按:患者老年女性正气亏虚,邪毒炽盛,正不胜邪,邪毒内陷心包,神识昏蒙。治疗重点在于顾护正气,强力祛邪(包括西医)但宜缓图以避免伤正加速病情恶化。故稍加大人参、甘草用量,并加黄芪大补五脏之气以增强抗病力。其余用量不变。因患者意识障碍,为避免口服所致误吸,故采用直肠滴入给药,每日一剂且每日辨证更方。另外,可根据患者病情给予适量静脉滴入生脉注射液固护真阴。
韩×,女,63岁。因发热伴咳嗽咳痰12天,于2020年02月06日在武汉大学人民医院住院治疗。通过胸部CT检查及核酸检测确诊为新型冠状病毒肺炎。经治疗后,至2020年02月27日患者病情明显好转,生命体征平稳,意识清楚,偶有咳嗽,呼吸困难明显缓解。目前患者无明显咳嗽咳痰,稍感活动后气促,饮食及睡眠状况可,舌边红、苔薄白,脉细弱。
辨病:瘟疫(新型冠状病毒肺炎)
辩证:气阴两虚证(恢复期)
药物:本发明药物加减
组成:党参15g,西洋参10g,金银花10g,连翘10g,石膏10g(包煎),知母10g,枳实10g,全瓜蒌10g,生大黄3g(后下),滑石10g(包煎),生甘草10g。
按:患者目前病情明显好转,但气阴亏虚较明显,故治疗重在补益气阴。故以功善补气阴之党参、西洋参替代人参,并加大甘草用量。目前患者疾病向愈,病邪有退去之势,故“一散四泄”之祛邪之品——金银花、连翘、石膏、知母、枳实、全瓜蒌、生大黄、滑石均减量。全方以培补气阴为主,兼顾祛邪。
王××,女,49岁。因发热8天,最高体温38℃,于2020年02月06日在武汉大学人民医院住院治疗。通过胸部CT检查及核酸检测确诊为新型冠状病毒肺炎。经治疗后,至2020年02月25日患者病情明显好转,生命体征平稳,意识清楚,偶有干咳,活动后略感气促,饮食及睡眠状况可,二便正常。舌降红少津、苔薄黄,脉弦数。
辨病:瘟疫(新型冠状病毒肺炎)
辩证:邪热炽盛证
药物:本发明药物加减
组成:党参15g,西洋参10g,连翘15g,石膏20g(包煎),知母20g,桑叶10g,枳实15g,全瓜蒌15g,生大黄6g(后下),滑石15g(包煎),丹皮10g,赤芍10g,生甘草6g。
按:患者邪热炽盛伤及气阴、阴津,壅遏营血。故以功善补气阴之党参、西洋参替代人参,入桑叶以助知母清肺、润肺。患者舌质红降少津,提示热邪伤津,津血同源,热扰营血,需清热凉血、散血,故入少量丹皮、赤芍凉血活血。生甘草调和诸药,且有补气阴的作用。余药物用量不变。全方兼顾扶正、祛邪,辨证着重补益气阴、清热润肺,凉血活血,同时兼顾祛邪。
陈××,女,52岁。因发热伴咳嗽咳痰就诊,通过胸部CT检查及核酸检测确诊为新型冠状病毒肺炎,于方舱医院住院治疗。治疗至2020年02月27日患者病情好转,无发热,偶有咳嗽,微汗出、乏力、咽干、失眠多梦,小便黄,轻度浮肿。舌红少津、苔黄腻,脉弦数。
辨病:瘟疫(新型冠状病毒肺炎)
辩证:邪热炽盛证
药物:本发明药物加减
组成:党参15g,西洋参10g,金银花15g,连翘15g,石膏20g(包煎),知母20g,枳实15g,全瓜蒌15g,生大黄6g(后下),滑石15g(包煎),生甘草6g。
按:温疫之热耗伤肺之气阴,故神疲乏力、咽干、失眠多梦、盗汗。故以功善补气阴之党参、西洋参替代人参。余药物及用量不变。全方着重清热祛邪、益气养阴生津。
以上所述,仅为本发明创造较佳的具体实施方式,但本发明创造的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明创造揭露的技术范围内,根据本发明创造的技术方案及其发明构思加以等同替换或改变,都应涵盖在本发明创造的保护范围之内。
Claims (7)
1.一种抗新型冠状病毒肺炎的药物,其特征在于,其药用有效成分按照重量组分计算:由人参12-20份、金银花12-18份、连翘13-17份、石膏15-30份、知母15-25份、枳实10-15份、全瓜蒌13-17份、生大黄3-6份、滑石10-15份和生甘草4-8份组成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的抗新型冠状病毒肺炎的药物,其特征在于,其药用有效成分按照重量组分计算:由人参15份、金银花15份、连翘15份、石膏15份、知母15份、枳实10份、全瓜蒌15份、生大黄3份、滑石10份和生甘草6份组成。
3.根据权利要求1所述的抗新型冠状病毒肺炎的药物,其特征在于,其药用有效成分按照重量组分计算:由人参15份、金银花15份、连翘15份、石膏20份、知母20份、枳实15份、全瓜蒌15份、生大黄6份、滑石15份和生甘草6份组成。
4.一种根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的抗新型冠状病毒肺炎的药物的制备方法,其特征在于:是将所述原料药按照常规方法制成口服制剂。
5.根据权利要求4所述的抗新型冠状病毒肺炎的药物的制备方法,其特征在于:所述口服制剂包括汤剂、煎膏剂、胶囊剂或片剂。
6.根据权利要求5所述的抗新型冠状病毒肺炎的药物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述汤剂的制备方法包括如下步骤:
1)将除石膏以外的其他原料药用冷水浸泡15-25min,得A品;
2)将石膏用冷水浸泡15-25min,加热煎煮10-20min,得B品;
3 )将A品中的生大黄取出,把其他部分的原料药和浸泡水一起加入B品中,中火熬开,然后改小火,立即将取出的生大黄加入上述药液中继续煎煮3-8min,将药渣分离后取药汤服用即可。
7.根据权利要求6所述的抗新型冠状病毒肺炎的药物的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤1)和步骤2)在浸泡时,冷水液面没过原料药1-2cm。
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