CN112125679A - 一种基于先驱体浸渍裂解工艺制备欧米茄形长桁的方法 - Google Patents

一种基于先驱体浸渍裂解工艺制备欧米茄形长桁的方法 Download PDF

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CN112125679A
CN112125679A CN202010977892.6A CN202010977892A CN112125679A CN 112125679 A CN112125679 A CN 112125679A CN 202010977892 A CN202010977892 A CN 202010977892A CN 112125679 A CN112125679 A CN 112125679A
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邱海鹏
刘善华
刘时剑
谢巍杰
陈明伟
赵禹良
张冰玉
关宏
王启明
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AVIC Beijing Aeronautical Manufacturing Technology Research Institute
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AVIC Composite Corp Ltd
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Abstract

发明提出了一种基于先驱体浸渍裂解工艺制备欧米茄形长桁的方法,针对先驱体浸渍裂解工艺及欧米茄形长桁的特点,设计了成型工装,通过等静压成形控制构件形面、通过浸渍流道设计、高温裂解均匀热传导控制实现了欧米茄形长桁的小批量精确制造。本发明创新性地通过等静压成形实现了陶瓷基复合材料复杂形面长桁构件模压应力的均匀传递,保证纤维预制体受力均匀,厚度可控,避免了因受压不均匀而造成的构件成形质量不高的问题;在致密化过程中确保欧米茄形长桁整体主要受热传导方式加热,保证在升温‑裂解过程中欧米茄形长桁的温度均匀性,避免因受热不均匀而导致欧米茄长桁构件的扭曲与变形,提高了构件的制备质量与精度。

Description

一种基于先驱体浸渍裂解工艺制备欧米茄形长桁的方法
技术领域
本发明属于连续纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料的制备技术,具体涉及一种基于先驱体浸渍裂解工艺制备欧米茄形长桁的方法。
背景技术
与传统高温合金相比,先驱体浸渍裂解工艺制备的纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料的密度仅为高温合金的1/3~1/4;工作温度可提高150℃以上,是国际公认的替代高温合金作为临近空间飞行器热防护系统的理想材料。
在飞行器总体结构中,长桁类结构件作为机身纵向承力构件,被广泛应用于机翼、机身等飞行器结构当中,是重要的构件之一,该类结构件受装配环境制约,外形大多扭曲复杂。与采用高温合金制备长桁包括的合金选材、冲压、铣削、制孔等工序不同,采用先驱体浸渍裂解工艺制备纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料长桁的工序主要包括纤维预制体的编织、成形、致密化等工序,复杂形面的长桁在成形过程中的均匀模压成形、均匀致密化和构件变形控制等是纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料复杂形面长桁构件的制备难点,需要针对先驱体浸渍裂解工艺的特点和长桁构件的特点设计连续纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料的成形与制备方法,使之满足装配环境约束的要求,目前没有针对先驱体浸渍裂解工艺制备临近空间飞行器高温热端部件用欧米茄形长桁的报道。
发明内容
本发明基于欧米茄形长桁构件的需求和先驱体浸渍裂解工艺的特点,创新性地提出了一种欧米茄形长桁的成型工装、成型方法与致密化方案。
本方明的技术方案如下:
一种基于先驱体浸渍裂解工艺制备欧米茄形长桁的方法,包括以下操作步骤:
(1)采用连续纤维束编织纤维预制体平板,制备纤维预制体;
(2)设计成型工装:依据欧米茄形长桁的外形尺寸设计成形制备工装,所述成型制备工装包括上模、芯模、定位销、浸渍流道、锁紧螺母和真空袋;
(3)欧米茄形长桁纤维预制体的等静压成型:将步骤(1)中得到的纤维预制体放入步骤(2)制得的成形制备工装的芯模中并放入真空袋中抽真空,而后一并放入气压釜中加压成形,得到欧米茄形长桁纤维预制体;
(4)界面层制备:将欧米茄形长桁纤维预制体放入化学气相沉积炉中制备界面层;
(5)陶瓷先驱体溶液浸渍:将沉积界面层的欧米茄形长桁纤维预制体放入成型制备工装中固定后置于真空浸渍设备中,用真空泵对真空浸渍设备抽真空,真空浸渍设备内腔压力<100Pa时,将陶瓷先驱体溶液通过不锈钢管路引入真空浸渍设备内腔,最终使沉积界面层的欧米茄形长桁纤维预制体全部淹没于陶瓷先驱体溶液中,浸渍处理12-48h;
(6)高温裂解,将浸渍陶瓷先驱体溶液的欧米茄形长桁纤维预制体连同成型制备工装一并放入高温裂解炉中高温裂解;高温裂解环境为真空环境或气氛环境中的一种,升温至先驱体陶瓷化转变点温度后保温0.5-2h;
(7)重复步骤5和步骤6至3-4次循环后,得到多孔的欧米茄形长桁,将多孔的欧米茄形长桁从成型制备工装中脱模,将多孔的欧米茄形长桁置于真空浸渍设备中,用真空泵对真空浸渍设备抽真空,真空浸渍设备内腔压力<100Pa时,将陶瓷先驱体溶液通过不锈钢管路引入真空浸渍设备内腔,最终多孔的欧米茄形长桁淹没于陶瓷先驱体溶液,保持12-48h,然后将其再次放入欧米茄石墨模具工装中并置于高温裂解炉中进行裂解,高温裂解环境为真空环境或气氛环境中的一种,升温至先驱体陶瓷化转变点温度后保温0.5-2.0h,脱模称重,重复浸渍-装模-高温裂解-脱模过程,待浸渍裂解后的欧米茄形长桁的重量较前次浸渍裂解后质量增重率小于1%时,完成欧米茄形长桁的基体致密化过程,得到致密化的欧米茄形长桁坯体;
(8)欧米茄形长桁坯体的加工;将步骤7中致密化的欧米茄形长桁坯体按照图纸要求进行加工,得到净尺寸的欧米茄形长桁。
作为本发明的进一步改进,所述的连续纤维束包括但不限于碳纤维束、碳化硅纤维束、氮化硅纤维束。
作为本发明的进一步改进,所述的纤维预制体结构包括二维叠层结构、2.5维结构、三维四向结构中的任意一种。
作为本发明的进一步改进,自由状态时纤维预制体的厚度误差与构件的设计厚度正误差不大于10%。
作为本发明的进一步改进,所述成形制备工装的芯模和真空袋分别用于形面和角度控制。
作为本发明的进一步改进,上述步骤(3)中,模压时,模压方式采用真空袋和气压炉加压的方式,模压压力为2-5MPa,模压时间为0.5h-2.0h,在上模和芯模的外侧型面处设有开孔,开孔大小直径3-5mm,孔间距10-20mm,开孔位置对应欧米茄上形、下形面和过渡面。
作为本发明的进一步改进,上述步骤(4)中,界面层包括热解碳界面层或氮化硼界面层中的一种。
作为本发明的进一步改进,上述步骤(5)中,先驱体溶液包括但不限于碳化硅陶瓷先驱体溶液、氮化硅陶瓷先驱体溶液、硅硼碳氮陶瓷先驱体溶液中的任意一种或多种组合。
由以上的技术方案可知,本发明的有益效果是:
1)本发明创新性地采用等静压工艺实现陶瓷基复合材料纤维预制体的模压定形,确保纤维预制体在成形过程中受力均匀,厚度可控,实现欧米茄形长桁构件预制体的成形与工程化制备;
2)通过合理的浸渍流道设计,实现了欧米茄形长桁构件的均匀浸渍与致密化,避免了欧米茄形长桁构件的致密化死角;
3)欧米茄形长桁构件在升温-裂解过程中主要受热传导方式加热,避免了欧米茄形长桁构件在高温环境下的扭曲与变形;
4)本发明制得的欧米茄形复合材料长桁构件较好地满足了临近空间飞行器热端构件对连续纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料长桁的需求,在国防武器装备领域具有广阔的推广前景。
附图说明
图1是基于先驱体浸渍裂解工艺制备欧米茄形长桁工艺路线图。
图2是实施例中成型制备工装的立体结构示意图。
图3是实施例中成型制备工装的剖面结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合实施例对本发明的实施方案进行详细描述,但是本领域技术人员将会理解,下列实施例仅用于说明本发明,而不应视为限制本发明的范围。实施例中未注明具体条件者,按照常规条件或制造商建议的条件进行。所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者,均为可以通过市售购买获得的常规产品。
一种基于先驱体浸渍裂解工艺制备欧米茄形长桁的方法,包括以下操作步骤:
(1)采用连续纤维束编织纤维预制体平板,制备纤维预制体,其中连续纤维束包括但不限于碳纤维束、碳化硅纤维束、氮化硅纤维束、纤维预制体结构包括二维叠层结构、2.5维结构、三维四向结构中的任意一种,并且自由状态时纤维预制体的厚度误差与构件的设计厚度正误差不大于10%;
(2)设计成型工装:依据欧米茄形长桁的外形尺寸设计成形制备工装,所述成型制备工装包括上模、芯模、浸渍流道、定位销、锁紧螺母和真空袋,其芯模和真空袋分别用于形面和角度控制,在芯模的形面外侧设有定位销孔和固定螺栓通孔;在上模和芯模的外侧型面处设有开孔,开孔大小直径3-5mm,孔间距10-20mm,开孔位置对应欧米茄上形、下形面和过渡面;
(3)欧米茄形长桁纤维预制体的等静压成型:将步骤(1)中得到的纤维预制体放入步骤(2)制得的成形制备工装的芯模中并放入真空袋中抽真空,而后一并放入气压釜中加压成形,得到欧米茄形长桁纤维预制体,模压时,模压方式采用真空袋和气压炉加压的方式,模压压力为2-5MPa,模压时间为0.5-2.0h;
(4)界面层制备:将欧米茄形长桁纤维预制体放入化学气相沉积炉中制备界面层,其中界面层包括热解碳界面层或氮化硼界面层中的一种;
(5)陶瓷先驱体溶液浸渍:将沉积界面层的欧米茄形长桁纤维预制体放入成型制备工装中固定后置于真空浸渍设备中,用真空泵对真空浸渍设备抽真空,真空浸渍设备内腔压力<100Pa时,将陶瓷先驱体溶液通过不锈钢管路引入真空浸渍设备内腔,最终使沉积界面层的欧米茄形长桁纤维预制体全部淹没于陶瓷先驱体溶液中,浸渍处理12-48h,先驱体溶液包括但不限于碳化硅陶瓷先驱体溶液、氮化硅陶瓷先驱体溶液、硅硼碳氮陶瓷先驱体溶液中的任意一种或多种组合;
(6)高温裂解,将浸渍陶瓷先驱体溶液的欧米茄形长桁纤维预制体连同成型制备工装一并放入高温裂解炉中高温裂解;高温裂解环境为真空环境或气氛环境中的一种,升温至先驱体陶瓷化转变点温度后保温0.5-2h;
(7)重复步骤5和步骤6至3-4次循环后,得到多孔的欧米茄形长桁,将多孔的欧米茄形长桁从成型制备工装中脱模,将多孔的欧米茄形长桁置于真空浸渍设备中,用真空泵对真空浸渍设备抽真空,真空浸渍设备内腔压力<100Pa时,将陶瓷先驱体溶液通过不锈钢管路引入真空浸渍设备内腔,最终多孔的欧米茄形长桁淹没于陶瓷先驱体溶液,保持12-48h后,将其重新放置于设计成型工装中固定,然后一并放入高温裂解炉中进行裂解,高温裂解环境为真空环境或气氛环境中的一种,升温至先驱体陶瓷化转变点温度后保温0.5-2.0h,脱模称重,重复浸渍-装模-高温裂解-脱模过程,待浸渍裂解后的欧米茄形长桁的重量与前次浸渍裂解后质量增重率小于1%时,完成欧米茄形长桁的基体致密化过程,得到致密化的欧米茄形长桁坯体;
(8)欧米茄形长桁坯体的加工;将步骤7中致密化的欧米茄形长桁坯体按照图纸要求进行加工,得到净尺寸的欧米茄形长桁。
为了对本发明的技术方案做进一步的解释,本发明提供SiC/SiC复合材料欧米茄形长桁的制备方法。
实施例
如图2和图3所示,本实施例制备欧米茄形长桁成型制备工装,通过芯模和真空袋结合气体等静压模压定形欧米茄形长桁纤维预制体,以丙烷和氩气为气源制备PyC界面层,以聚碳硅烷为前躯体,以二甲苯为溶剂制备SiC陶瓷基体,致密化后通过机械加工得到欧米茄形SiC/SiC复合材料长桁构件,包括以下步骤:
(1)碳化硅纤维预制体的制备:以0.5K碳化硅纤维作为增强体,采用编织方式制备2.5维结构碳化硅纤维预制体,2.5维结构碳化硅纤维预制体的经纱与纬纱比为8:5,纤维体积分数40%;
(2)设计成型工装:依据欧米茄形长桁的外形尺寸设计成形制备工装,所述成型制备工装包括上模1、芯模2、浸渍流道3、定位销4和锁紧螺母和真空袋7,其芯模和真空袋分别用于形面和角度控制,在芯模2的形面外侧设有上模1、定位销孔4和固定螺栓通孔5;
(3)依据欧米茄形长桁的长度与宽度裁剪2.5维结构碳化硅纤维预制体6,并通过成型制备工装中的芯模2和真空袋7抽真空定形后一并放入气体高压釜中,冲氮气至2MPa,保压2h,得到欧米茄形长桁纤维预制体;
(4)PyC(热解碳界面层)界面层的制备:将步骤二中模压后的欧米茄形碳化硅纤维预制体放入化学气相沉积炉内,将炉内抽真空,真空度至50Pa,然后升温至300℃,保温1h后继续升温至1000℃,保温1h,通入氩气和丙烷,两者流量比例为1:1,沉积压力为2000Pa,沉积15h后降温至室温,制得PyC界面层的厚度为200nm;
(5)SiC陶瓷先驱体溶液的配置:以聚碳硅烷先驱体为溶质,以二甲苯为溶剂,聚碳硅烷占先驱体浸渍溶液重量百分比的50%,在室温下均匀搅拌24h,得到SiC陶瓷先驱体溶液;将沉积热解碳界面层的欧米茄形SiC纤维预制体放入成型制备工装中固定后一并置于真空浸渍设备中,用真空泵对真空浸渍设备抽真空,真空浸渍设备内腔压力为<100Pa时,将SiC陶瓷先驱体溶液通过不锈钢管路引入真空浸渍设备内腔,最终成型制备工装淹没于SiC陶瓷先驱体溶液,保持浸渍处理24h;
(6)高温裂解:将经过浸渍带成型制备工装的欧米茄形碳化硅纤维预制体放入高温裂解炉中,抽真空至50Pa,以10℃/min的升温速率加热到1200℃,保温1h;
(7)重复步骤5和步骤6至4循环后,得到多孔的SiC/SiC复合材料欧米形长桁,从石墨模具中脱模后,用毛刷刷去表面裂解产物以打开构件表面孔隙,同时对成型制备工装进行表面清理,而后重新将多孔的欧米茄形长桁构件置于真空浸渍设备中,用真空泵对真空浸渍设备抽真空,真空浸渍设备内腔压力小于100Pa时,将SiC陶瓷先驱体溶液通过不锈钢管路引入真空浸渍设备内腔,最终使得多孔的SiC/SiC复合材料欧米形长桁全部淹没于SiC陶瓷先驱体溶液,保持16小时;再将多孔的SiC/SiC复合材料欧米形长桁置于成型制备工装后一并放入高温裂解炉中,抽真空至小于100Pa,以10℃/min的升温速率加热到1200℃,保温1h;脱模称重,重复浸渍-装模-高温裂解-脱模过程,至多孔的SiC/SiC复合材料欧米形长桁的增重率较前次小于1%时,得到致密的欧米茄形SiC/SiC复合材料长桁;
(8)对所制得致密的欧米茄形SiC/SiC复合材料长桁进行机械加工,用1200目的水砂纸打磨,之后用无水乙醇将打磨处清洗干净并烘干,完成欧米茄形长桁的制备。
以上所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。本发明的实施例的详细描述并非旨在限制要求保护的本发明的范围,而是仅仅表示本发明的选定实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。

Claims (8)

1.一种基于先驱体浸渍裂解工艺制备欧米茄形长桁的方法,其特征在于,包括以下操作步骤:
(1)采用连续纤维束编织纤维预制体平板,制备纤维预制体;
(2)设计成型工装:依据欧米茄形长桁的外形尺寸设计成形制备工装,所述成型制备工装包括上模、芯模、定位销、浸渍流道、锁紧螺母和真空袋;
(3)欧米茄形长桁纤维预制体的等静压成型:将步骤(1)中得到的纤维预制体放入步骤(2)制得的成形制备工装的芯模中并放入真空袋中抽真空,而后一并放入气压釜中加压成形,得到欧米茄形长桁纤维预制体;
(4)界面层制备:将欧米茄形长桁纤维预制体放入化学气相沉积炉中制备界面层;
(5)陶瓷先驱体溶液浸渍:将沉积界面层的欧米茄形长桁纤维预制体放入成型制备工装中固定后置于真空浸渍设备中,用真空泵对真空浸渍设备抽真空,真空浸渍设备内腔压力<100Pa时,将陶瓷先驱体溶液通过不锈钢管路引入真空浸渍设备内腔,最终使沉积界面层的欧米茄形长桁纤维预制体全部淹没于陶瓷先驱体溶液中,浸渍处理12-48h;
(6)高温裂解,将浸渍陶瓷先驱体溶液的欧米茄形长桁纤维预制体连同成型制备工装一并放入高温裂解炉中高温裂解;高温裂解环境为真空环境或气氛环境中的一种,升温至先驱体陶瓷化转变点温度后保温0.5-2h;
(7)重复步骤5和步骤6至3-4次循环后,得到多孔的欧米茄形长桁,将多孔的欧米茄形长桁从成型制备工装中脱模,将多孔的欧米茄形长桁置于真空浸渍设备中,用真空泵对真空浸渍设备抽真空,真空浸渍设备内腔压力<100Pa时,将陶瓷先驱体溶液通过不锈钢管路引入真空浸渍设备内腔,最终多孔的欧米茄形长桁淹没于陶瓷先驱体溶液,保持12-48h,然后将其再次放入欧米茄石墨模具工装中并置于高温裂解炉中进行裂解,高温裂解环境为真空环境或气氛环境中的一种,升温至先驱体陶瓷化转变点温度后保温0.5-2.0h,脱模称重,重复浸渍-装模-高温裂解-脱模过程,待浸渍裂解后的欧米茄形长桁的重量与前次浸渍裂解后质量增重率小于1%时,完成欧米茄形长桁的基体致密化过程,得到致密化的欧米茄形长桁坯体;
(8)欧米茄形长桁坯体的加工;将步骤7中致密化的欧米茄形长桁坯体按照图纸要求进行加工,得到净尺寸的欧米茄形长桁。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种基于先驱体浸渍裂解工艺制备欧米茄形长桁的方法,其特征在于,所述的连续纤维束包括但不限于碳纤维束、碳化硅纤维束、氮化硅纤维束。
3.根据权利要求1所述一种基于先驱体浸渍裂解工艺制备欧米茄形长桁的方法,其特征在于,所述的纤维预制体结构包括二维叠层结构、2.5维结构、三维四向结构中的任意一种。
4.根据权利要求3所述一种基于先驱体浸渍裂解工艺制备欧米茄形长桁的方法,其特征在于,自由状态时纤维预制体的厚度误差与构件的设计厚度正误差不大于10%。
5.根据权利要求1所述一种基于先驱体浸渍裂解工艺制备欧米茄形长桁的方法,其特征在于,所述成形制备工装的芯模和真空袋分别用于形面和角度控制。
6.根据权利要求5所述一种基于先驱体浸渍裂解工艺制备欧米茄形长桁的方法,其特征在于,上述步骤(3)中,模压时,模压方式采用真空袋和气压炉加压的方式,模压压力为2-5MPa,模压时间为0.5h-2.0h,在上模和芯模的外侧型面处设有开孔,开孔大小直径3-5mm,孔间距10-20mm,开孔位置对应欧米茄上形、下形面和过渡面。
7.根据权利要求1所述一种基于先驱体浸渍裂解工艺制备欧米茄形长桁的方法,其特征在于,上述步骤(4)中,界面层包括热解碳界面层或氮化硼界面层中的一种。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于先驱体浸渍裂解工艺制备欧米茄形长桁的方法,其特征在于,上述步骤(5)中,先驱体溶液包括但不限于碳化硅陶瓷先驱体溶液、氮化硅陶瓷先驱体溶液、硅硼碳氮陶瓷先驱体溶液中的任意一种或多种组合。
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CN115108837B (zh) * 2022-07-11 2023-07-07 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 一种纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料的快速裂解工艺

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