CN112111743A - 低泡防锈型金属清洗液的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种低泡防锈型金属清洗液的制备方法，通过以下步骤实现：硼酸酯的制备步骤、（2）混合二元酸酯的制备步骤、（3）低泡防锈型金属清洗液的配制步骤。本发明制得的低泡防锈型金属清洗液具有净洗力高、清洗速度快，工件外观质量好，工艺简便的优点。兼具去污、除浮锈、防锈等功能；本发明中的嵌段聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯醚具有很好的乳化油脂、润湿、渗透能力及低泡性，硼酸酯与C5~C9混合二元酸酯协同作用易于附着在金属表面，起到隔离水分防止二次生锈的作用。钢件表面膜对后续涂漆的附着牢度也无不良影响。主要成分在使用后废液容易降解处理，对环境基本无污染。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于表面活性剂的制备及技术领域，具体涉及一种基于水基的低泡防锈型金属清洗液的制备方法。
背景技术
金属材料及制件在加工过程中根据加工工艺的需要往往要使用防锈脂、电解质等物质，且需存放一定的时间，这样就会使得金属材料及制件的表面容易粘附有油污、灰尘和潮湿气等物质并可能发生锈蚀和污染。
为了满足金属材料及制件的加工工艺的要求，保证制品的质量、寿命和可靠性，在加工前需要对其表面进行去污、除锈等处理。尤其是一些用于高技术方面的金属材料及制件，其性能特点是具有高可靠性、高精密性，因此，对用于这些方面制件表面的除锈、去污、防锈蚀的要求更高，对于所用清洗剂的性能要求也就更为苛刻。
目前普遍使用的金属清洗剂存在以下问题：清洗能力有限，不能一次性有效去除污垢、锈斑，清洗时间长，生产效率低；腐蚀性较强，被清洗的金属表面产生不同程度的损伤和腐蚀痕迹；一般要单方向的遵循“先去油，接着去锈，最后防锈”三步程序；清洗后的废液对人体有毒害，微生物降解差，对环境即水资源有污染。
目前，金属表面清洗剂在使用过程中的清洗废弃液排放所产生的污染成为了关注的问题，迫切需要开发一种环保型，具有良好的去污、除锈、防锈功能的水基低泡防锈型金属清洗液。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种低泡防锈型金属清洗液的制备方法，以解决现有技术中的问题。
本发明是通过如下技术方案实现的：低泡防锈型金属清洗液的制备方法，其特征在于，通过以下步骤实现：
（1）硼酸酯的制备：按照重量份称取20~30份的硼酸、25~35份的二乙醇胺、7~12份的植酸、5~13份的甘油，在干燥、无水的反应器内混合，并搅拌加热到80℃~95℃,保温3.5~4小时，得到硼酸酯；
（2）混合二元酸酯的制备：按照重量份称取25~50份C5~C9混合二元酸、18~30份的单乙醇胺和乌洛托品1：1混合液，在干燥、无水的反应器内加热到75~80℃,搅拌混合30~50分钟，然后升温到90~95℃,保温2~3小时，降至40~50℃室温后，即得到混合二元酸酯的溶液；
（3）低泡防锈型金属清洗液的配制：将10~15份的硼酸酯、20~30份的混合二元酸酯溶液、8~12份的质量分数30%的HEDP4Na、2~5份的嵌段聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯醚表面活性剂、0.3~0.8份的消泡剂、0.2~0.5份的苯并三氮唑和95~175份的去离子水，混合并搅拌均匀得到水基低泡防锈型金属清洗液。
进一步的：所述混合二元酸的外观为乳白色粉末，酸值为185~210mgKOH/g，皂化值为185~210mgKOH/g,碳值为82~100gI2/lOOg，凝固点小于20℃,水份含量小于0.5%。
进一步的：所述混合二元酸的平均相对分子质量为200~400。
进一步的：所述硼酸酯的脱乙酰度大于85%，粘度为350mPa. s~250mPa.s，可溶于水。
本发明的优点是：本发明制得的低泡防锈型金属清洗液与传统水基金属清洗剂相比，独特之处在于制备了具有洗涤、脱脂、防锈功能的硼酸酯与混合二元酸酯，以此为主要组份，与其他成分复配制备了一种以“置换工作模式”的水基低泡防锈型金属清洗液，具有净洗力高、清洗速度快，工件外观质量好，工艺简便。以及兼具去污、除浮锈、防锈等功能；本发明中的嵌段聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯醚具有很好的乳化油脂、润湿、渗透能力及低泡性，硼酸酯与C5~C9混合二元酸酯协同作用易于附着在金属表面，起到隔离水分防止二次生锈的作用。钢件表面膜对后续涂漆的附着牢度也无不良影响。主要成分在使用后废液容易降解处理，对环境基本无污染。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明的具体实施方式进行详细说明。
本发明公开了一种低泡防锈型金属清洗液的制备方法，其通过以下步骤实现：
（1）硼酸酯的制备：按照重量份称取20~30份的硼酸、25~35份的二乙醇胺、7~12份的植酸、5~13份的甘油，在干燥、无水的反应器内混合，并搅拌加热到80℃~95℃,保温3.5~4小时，得到硼酸酯；
（2）混合二元酸酯的制备：按照重量份称取25~50份C5~C9混合二元酸、18~30份的单乙醇胺和乌洛托品1：1混合液，在干燥、无水的反应器内加热到75~80℃,搅拌混合30~50分钟，然后升温到90~95℃,保温2~3小时，降至40~50℃室温后，即得到混合二元酸酯的溶液；
（3）低泡防锈型金属清洗液的配制：将10~15份的硼酸酯、20~30份的混合二元酸酯溶液、8~12份的质量分数30%的HEDP4Na、2~5份的嵌段聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯醚表面活性剂、0.3~0.8份的消泡剂、0.2~0.5份的苯并三氮唑和95~175份的去离子水，混合并搅拌均匀得到水基低泡防锈型金属清洗液。
其中：所述混合二元酸的外观为乳白色粉末，酸值为185~210mgKOH/g，皂化值为185~210mgKOH/g,碳值为82~100gI2/lOOg，凝固点小于20℃,水份含量小于0.5%。
其中：所述混合二元酸的平均相对分子质量为200~400。
其中：所述硼酸酯的脱乙酰度大于85%，粘度为350mPa. s~250mPa.s，可溶于水。
实施例1
本实施例中，低泡防锈型金属清洗液的制备方法，其通过以下步骤实现：
（1）硼酸酯的制备：按照重量份称取25份的硼酸、30份的二乙醇胺、9份的植酸、7份的甘油，在干燥、无水的反应器内混合，并搅拌加热到90℃,保温4小时，得到硼酸酯；
（2）混合二元酸酯的制备：按照重量份称取40份C5~C9混合二元酸、22份的单乙醇胺和乌洛托品1：1（重量比）混合液，在干燥、无水的反应器内加热到80℃,搅拌混合50分钟，然后升温到90℃,保温2小时，降至45℃室温后，即得到混合二元酸酯的溶液；
（3）低泡防锈型金属清洗液的配制：将12份的硼酸酯、25份的混合二元酸酯溶液、10份的质量份数30%的HEDP4Na、3份的嵌段聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯醚表面活性剂、0.5份的有机硅类或聚醚类消泡剂、0.4份的苯并三氮唑和130份的去离子水，混合并搅拌均匀得到水基低泡防锈型金属清洗液。
将本实施例所得清洗液，进行如下应用：
（1）汽车外壳钢铁冲压模具的清洗：洗前，钢件表面有冲压油，零星钢铁碎屑。将本清洗液配成7~8%工作液，保持温度在30~40℃（常温）。将钢模具置于地面，用高压枪直接喷射到钢件上，人工用刷子反复刷洗，然后用压缩空气吹干即可。清洗后，模具表面光亮如新，无任何钢铁碎屑残渣。防锈期一个月。
（2）重型卡车钢铁轮毂的清洗：洗前，工件表面局部有锈和油迹。在喷淋清洗机储液槽，将本剂配成3~5%工作液，升温到55~60℃，移入工件，密闭清洗仓门，高压喷洗钢铁轮毂3~5分钟。然后移出清洗仓，用手持式压缩空气枪吹干即可。洗后，残油和浮锈去净，表面光亮颜色均匀，防锈期10~30天。后续工艺是涂漆。
（3）粉末冶金钢铁齿轮的清洗：洗前，齿轮为黑色花斑状，有淬火油痕和手印。在喷淋清洗机储液槽，将本剂化成3~5%工作液，升温到55~60℃，工件装筐，移入清洗仓，密闭清洗仓门，高压喷洗钢铁齿轮3~5分钟，用手持式压缩空气枪吹干即可。如果清洗机自带“冷风吹干”的装置，操作更简单。洗后表面颜色均匀，防锈期10~20天。后续工艺是涂防锈油。
（4）混合材质组件的清洗：洗汽车发动机缸盖，主体铸件为压铸铝，安装在铸件上还有黄铜、硬质合金钢和球墨铸铁等材质的配件等。工件上油污主要是切削液。过去采取的工艺是先用煤油洗掉金属屑，接着用碱性清洗剂去油污，最后是防锈，上述工艺中要分别用三个槽分别装三种产品。而采用本方案，按3~5%配工作液，升温到60℃，高压喷淋，仅用一至两个槽即可。且采用本方案清洗液清洗后的工件表面似有“湿膜、光滑”，很受客户喜爱。防锈期7-10天。
本发明采取的是“双向置换工作模式”，即在将金属表面污垢被洗掉的同时，将防护成分涂布其表面。外观上看，就是“已洗的很干净”，用手摸工件“似有一层薄薄的、光滑的透明湿膜”，使被清洗的工件观感舒适，且微有憎水性，防锈期长达7~30天。一不影响后续工艺的涂漆牢度。清洗后废液容易降解处理，对环境污染小。
Claims (4)
1.低泡防锈型金属清洗液的制备方法，其特征在于，通过以下步骤实现：
（1）硼酸酯的制备：按照重量份称取20~30份的硼酸、25~35份的二乙醇胺、7~12份的植酸、5~13份的甘油，在干燥、无水的反应器内混合，并搅拌加热到80℃~95℃,保温3.5~4小时，得到硼酸酯；
（2）混合二元酸酯的制备：按照重量份称取25~50份C5~C9混合二元酸、18~30份的单乙醇胺和乌洛托品1：1混合液，在干燥、无水的反应器内加热到75~80℃,搅拌混合30~50分钟，然后升温到90~95℃,保温2~3小时，降至40~50℃室温后，即得到混合二元酸酯的溶液；
（3）低泡防锈型金属清洗液的配制：将10~15份的硼酸酯、20~30份的混合二元酸酯溶液、8~12份的质量分数30%的HEDP4Na、2~5份的嵌段聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯醚表面活性剂、0.3~0.8份的消泡剂、0.2~0.5份的苯并三氮唑和95~175份的去离子水，混合并搅拌均匀得到水基低泡防锈型金属清洗液。
2.根据权利要求1所述的低泡防锈型金属清洗液的制备方法，其特征在于：所述混合二元酸的外观为乳白色粉末，酸值为185~210mgKOH/g，皂化值为185~210mgKOH/g,碳值为82~100gI2/lOOg，凝固点小于20℃,水份含量小于0.5%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的低泡防锈型金属清洗液的制备方法，其特征在于：所述混合二元酸的平均相对分子质量为200~400。
4.根据权利要求1所述的低泡防锈型金属清洗液的制备方法，其特征在于：所述硼酸酯的脱乙酰度大于85%，粘度为350mPa. s~250mPa.s，可溶于水。
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| CN115612109B (zh) * | 2022-11-08 | 2023-08-08 | 江苏美思德化学股份有限公司 | 有机硅共聚物、其制备方法及其应用、软质泡沫稳定剂和软质聚氨酯泡沫 |
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