CN112111347A - 一种汉麻蛋白酶解物精酿啤酒的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种汉麻蛋白酶解物精酿啤酒的制备方法,属于发酵食品技术领域。为了进一步拓展汉麻蛋白的应用,将汉麻籽粕与蒸馏水按照1:10的质量比混合,调节pH为5~6,加入木瓜蛋白酶和中性蛋白酶酶解,将酶解液离心后取上清液,收集<3kd的汉麻蛋白酶解物,将酶解物真空低温冷冻干燥,得冻干粉;将麦芽和水按1:4的质量比混合,升温至60~65℃,保温90min,再升温至78~80℃,保温20~30min;过滤得到麦汁,添加冻干粉和啤酒花煮沸,过滤后冷却,加啤酒酵母发酵,然后在4~6℃保持10~15d即可。本发明不仅提高了啤酒的营养价值,还改善了啤酒的口感和风味,拓展了汉麻籽蛋白在发酵食品领域中的应用,提高了汉麻籽深加工的附加值。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于发酵食品技术领域,具体涉及一种汉麻蛋白酶解物精酿啤酒的制备方法。
背景技术
汉麻(Cannabis sativa L.)也称工业大麻,火麻。汉麻籽仁(火麻仁)是一种药食同源物质,具有较高营养价值和医疗保健功效。汉麻全籽的蛋白质含量一般在20%-25%之间,而脱壳后籽仁的蛋白质含量超过40%。汉麻蛋白质中含有21种氨基酸,其中包括人体必需的8种氨基酸。汉麻蛋白经蛋白酶水解后生成多肽,易被人体消化吸收,而且汉麻籽多肽还具有多种生理功能和较高的营养价值,因此汉麻蛋白酶解物可作为原料、添加剂,广泛应用于发酵、食品等行业。目前有关大豆蛋白酶解物、玉米蛋白酶解物、小麦蛋白酶解物等应用于啤酒发酵的研究已有报道,但关于汉麻蛋白酶解产物在啤酒酿造中的应用研究在我国还未见报道。
近年来随着消费者对啤酒的品质、口味和新鲜度等要求的不断提高,拥有丰富的层次、口感及个性化融入特色的精酿啤酒越来越受到消费者的喜爱。目前汉麻籽蛋白产品的开发在我国尚处于初级阶段,目前多停留在汉麻蛋白粉的研发,在市场的竞争力不强。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了进一步拓展汉麻蛋白的应用,提供一种汉麻蛋白酶解物精酿啤酒的制备方法。
为实现上述目的,本发明采取的技术方案如下:
一种汉麻蛋白酶解物精酿啤酒的制备方法,所述方法为:
(1)将汉麻籽粕与蒸馏水按照1:10的质量比混合,制得汉麻籽粕混合液;
(2)调节汉麻籽粕混合液的pH值为5~6,加入木瓜蛋白酶0.5~0.8%、中性蛋白酶2.5~3.5%,酶解时间1~2h,得到酶解液;
(3)将(2)中的酶解液经离心后取上清液,经3kd的超滤膜过滤,收集<3kd的汉麻蛋白酶解物;
(4)将(3)中汉麻蛋白酶解物进行真空低温冷冻干燥,获得汉麻蛋白酶解物冻干粉;
(5)麦芽糖化:将麦芽和水按1:4的质量比混合,升温至60~65℃,保温90min,再升温至78~80℃,保温20~30min;
(6)麦醪过滤:过滤得到澄清的麦汁,麦汁浓度为12~14°P;
(7)煮沸:在麦汁煮沸过程中,添加汉麻蛋白酶解物冻干粉为麦汁质量的1~3%,啤酒花为麦芽质量的0.2~0.5%,煮沸时间30~60min;
(8)冷却:将煮沸液过滤后,放入4~8℃冷藏室,进行冷却处理,得冷却液;
(9)发酵:向所述冷却液中加入啤酒酵母0.25~0.5%,发酵温度18~20℃,发酵7~10d,完成发酵;
(10)后熟:控制温度4~6℃,保持10~15d,去除酵母和沉淀物,得到汉麻蛋白酶解物精酿啤酒。
本发明相对于现有技术的有益效果为:
(1)将汉麻蛋白应用于酿酒中,由于蛋白的分子量较大,很难被酵母利用,不利于酿酒,所以本发明采用酶解蛋白的方法,使蛋白水解成小分子的肽(<3kd),不仅利用酵母的成长,而且小分子肽还能提供营养保健功效。
(2)本发明不仅提高了啤酒的营养价值,还改善了啤酒的口感和风味,拓展了汉麻籽蛋白在发酵食品领域中的应用,提高了汉麻籽深加工的附加值。
(3)本发明汉麻蛋白酶解物精酿啤酒的研发不仅为汉麻籽蛋白应用于精酿啤酒酿造领域提供技术支撑,也为汉麻籽蛋白高值化利用开辟新途径,促进汉麻籽深加工产业的发展。
本发明酶解后的汉麻蛋白酶解物的分子量不大于3kd,该酶解物应用于啤酒生产,在保留啤酒原有特点的基础上,使用发酵酵母进行发酵,研制出一种含有汉麻籽多肽的营养保健精酿啤酒,本发明方法制备得到的汉麻蛋白酶解物精酿啤酒中总小分子肽含量达1264mg/L。本发明具有口感纯正,泡沫洁白、细腻,杀口力强,香味浓郁并伴有汉麻蛋白的香味;通过酶解技术对汉麻籽粕蛋白进行处理得到酶解物中含有小分子多肽,不仅可促进酵母发酵性能,而且汉麻小分子肽还具有抗氧化、降血脂、免疫调节等功效,在满足人们对啤酒口感的需求的同时,进一步提高了啤酒的营养保健价值,具有良好的市场应用前景。
附图说明
图1为普通啤酒风味物质GC-MS分析总离子流色谱图;
图2为汉麻蛋白酶解物啤酒风味物质GC-MS分析总离子流色谱图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明的技术方案作进一步的说明,但并不局限于此,凡是对本发明技术方案进行修改或者等同替换,而不脱离本发明技术方案的精神和范围,均应涵盖在本发明的保护范围中。
具体实施方式一:本实施方式记载的是一种汉麻蛋白酶解物精酿啤酒的制备方法,所述方法为:
(1)将汉麻籽粕与蒸馏水按照1:10的质量比混合,制得汉麻籽粕混合液;
(2)调节汉麻籽粕混合液的pH值为5~6,加入木瓜蛋白酶0.5~0.8%、中性蛋白酶2.5~3.5%,酶解时间1~2h,得到酶解液;木瓜蛋白酶添加量0.5~0.8%是指汉麻籽粕质量为100,再加入0.5~0.8的木瓜蛋白酶,2.5~3.5%同理;
(3)将(2)中的酶解液经离心后取上清液,经3kd的超滤膜过滤,收集<3kd的汉麻蛋白酶解物;
(4)将(3)中汉麻蛋白酶解物进行真空低温冷冻干燥,获得汉麻蛋白酶解物冻干粉;
(5)麦芽糖化:将麦芽和水按1:4的质量比混合,升温至60~65℃,保温90min,再升温至78~80℃,保温20~30min;
(6)麦醪过滤:过滤得到澄清的麦汁,麦汁浓度为12~14°P;
(7)煮沸:在麦汁煮沸过程中,添加汉麻蛋白酶解物冻干粉为麦汁质量的1~3%,啤酒花为麦芽质量的0.2~0.5%,煮沸时间30~60min;汉麻蛋白酶解物冻干粉添加量1~3%是指麦汁质量为100,再加入1~3的汉麻蛋白酶解物冻干粉,0.2~0.5%同理;
(8)冷却:将煮沸液过滤后,放入4~8℃冷藏室,进行冷却处理,得冷却液;
(9)发酵:向所述冷却液中加入啤酒酵母0.25~0.5%,发酵温度18~20℃,发酵7~10d,完成发酵;
(10)后熟:控制温度4~6℃,保持10~15d,去除酵母和沉淀物,得到汉麻蛋白酶解物精酿啤酒。
具体实施方式二:具体实施方式一所述的一种汉麻蛋白酶解物精酿啤酒的制备方法,(4)中,所述低温冷冻干燥的温度为-30~30℃,时间为24h。
具体实施方式三:具体实施方式一所述的一种汉麻蛋白酶解物精酿啤酒的制备方法,(4)中,真空度<10Pa。
具体实施方式四:具体实施方式一所述的一种汉麻蛋白酶解物精酿啤酒的制备方法,(8)中,冷却处理至25~30℃。
(一)汉麻蛋白酶解物分子量分布的检测及纯化
1、采用复合酶解法制备汉麻蛋白酶解物及分子量分布检测:将汉麻籽粕与蒸馏水(1:10)混合,制得汉麻籽粕混合液;调节汉麻籽粕混合液的pH值为5.5;向汉麻籽粕混合液中加入木瓜蛋白酶0.7%、中性蛋白酶3.5%,酶解时间1.5h制得酶解液,对酶解液的分子量分布进行检测。采用MALDI-TOF质谱分析方法,取1μL样品点至样品靶上,待自然干燥后,再取1μL CHCA基质溶液点至对应靶位上并自然干燥,然后用相同方法在样品靶位的相邻靶位上点校准标准品。采用校准标准品Calibration Mixture 1进行外标一级校准,质量误差小于1ppm,图谱采集条件:一级质谱(MS)范围为100-4000m/z,以及一级质谱(MS)范围为1000-36000m/z,每张谱图累加500个Laser Shots。
实验结果如表1所示,本发明采用复合酶法酶解工艺,汉麻蛋白酶解物的分子量主要分布在3kd以下,占比为94.82%。
表1汉麻蛋白酶解物分子量分布
分子量 | 强度值 | 占比 |
<1Kd | 56295.935 | 6.10% |
1kd-3kd | 818331.267 | 88.72% |
3kd-5kd | 13769.054 | 1.49% |
>5kd | 33939.891 | 3.68% |
2、蛋白酶解物的纯化:将酶解得到酶解液经离心获得上清液,上清液通过切向流膜过滤系统,进行分离纯化,采用的过滤膜截留分子量为3kd,将选取分子量小于3kd汉麻蛋白酶解物,用真空冷冻干燥机冻干,得到酶解物冻干粉,用于啤酒酿造原料。
(二)汉麻蛋白酶解物精酿啤酒理化指标的测定
对具体实施方式一生产的汉麻蛋白酶解物精酿啤酒进行品质检测分析,原麦汁浓度、总酸、双乙酰、泡持性、二氧化碳的测定:按照国标GB/T 4928-2008相关规定进行检测;酒精度的测定:按照国标GB 5009.225-2016;大肠杆菌的测定采用国标GB 4789.3-2016中的计数法。检测结果如表4所示,表4的结果表明汉麻蛋白酶解物精酿啤酒的理化和卫生指标符合国家相关标准。啤酒成品呈棕黄色,香气浓郁、协调,酒体醇厚、口感细腻。
表4汉麻蛋白酶解物精酿啤酒理化指标的检测结果
(三)汉麻蛋白酶解物精酿啤酒中多肽的含量测定
对具体实施方式一生产的汉麻蛋白酶解物精酿啤酒进行多肽含量的检测。采用福林酚法对成品精酿啤酒中的多肽含量进行检测:取一定体积的啤酒原液加入等体积的20%三氯乙酸溶液,混合静止15min后,进行离心(4000r/min,15min),取上清1ml加入甲液5ml,加入乙液0.5ml摇匀,放入30℃水浴中显色30min,在紫外分光光度计中530nm,测OD值。参照牛血清蛋白标准曲线,计算可溶性氮含量。
多肽含量计算公式为X=X1-X2
其中,X-多肽的含量(g/100g),X1-可溶性氮的含量(g/100g),X2-游离氨基酸的含量(g/100g)。
游离氨基酸含量的测定:准确称取样品,用pH为2.2的缓冲液溶液,定容至50ml。准确吸取0.2ml混合氨基酸标准溶液,用pH为2.2的缓冲液溶液稀释到5ml,此标准稀释液浓度为5.00nmol/50ul,作为上机测定用的氨基酸标准,用氨基酸自动分析仪以外表法测定样品中的氨基酸含量,经检测本发明的精酿啤酒中含有多肽为1264mg/L。
(四)汉麻蛋白酶解物啤酒风味物质分析
1.仪器及耗材
恒温磁力搅拌器(08-2T,上海梅颖浦仪器仪表制造有限公司);固相微萃取装置(57330-U,supelco);50/30um DVB/CAR/PDMS固相微萃取针(57348-U,supelco)气相色谱质谱联用仪(Agilent 7890A-5975C GC-MS);气相色谱柱:HP-INNOWax(50m*200μm*0.2μm)
2.萃取条件
取样品置于20mL萃取瓶中,加入磁力搅拌子,密封,置于60℃水浴,磁力搅拌(500rpm)平衡20min,插入活化的萃取针顶空萃取30min。萃取针使用前,在气质进样口活化20min(250℃)。
3.GC-MS分析
GC条件:进样口温度250℃,气质接口温度250℃,载气流速1.5mL/min,不分流进样。
进样:萃取针在进样口解析附20min;
升温程序:初始50℃,保持3min,以5℃/min升温到100℃保持2min;4℃/min升温到140℃保持2min;4℃/min升温到180℃保持1min;5℃/min升温到250℃保持5min.MS条件:离子源温度230℃,四级杆温度150℃,EI电离70eV,全扫描35~550da。
4.实验结果
汉麻蛋白酶解物精酿啤酒及普通精酿啤酒中挥发性成分经静态顶空-固相微萃取和气质联用分析,普通啤酒及汉麻啤酒的GC-MS分析总离子流色谱图见图1和图2,图1及图2的分析结果,汉麻蛋白酶解物精酿啤酒中共分离出50种物质,确定了其中的44种物质,其中主要的风味物质为辛酸乙酯、乙酸乙酯、癸酸乙酯、苯乙酸异戊酯、月桂酸乙酯、9-葵酸乙酯、丁酸乙酯等酯类物质;从普通精酿啤酒中共分离出46种物质,确定了其中的41种物质,其中主要的风味物质为辛酸乙酯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸异戊酯、苯乙酸异戊酯等。与普通精酿啤酒相比,汉麻蛋白酶解物精酿啤酒中共发现了10种物质未在普通精酿啤酒中检出,这些风味物质主要为丁酸乙酯、月桂酸乙酯、壬酸乙酯、9-葵酸乙酯、丙酸苯乙酯等酯类。
Claims (4)
1.一种汉麻蛋白酶解物精酿啤酒的制备方法,其特征在于:所述方法为:
(1)将汉麻籽粕与蒸馏水按照1:10的质量比混合,制得汉麻籽粕混合液;
(2)调节汉麻籽粕混合液的pH值为5~6,加入木瓜蛋白酶0.5~0.8%、中性蛋白酶2.5~3.5%,酶解时间1~2h,得到酶解液;
(3)将(2)中的酶解液经离心后取上清液,经3kd的超滤膜过滤,收集<3kd的汉麻蛋白酶解物;
(4)将(3)中汉麻蛋白酶解物进行真空低温冷冻干燥,获得汉麻蛋白酶解物冻干粉;
(5)麦芽糖化:将麦芽和水按1:4的质量比混合,升温至60~65℃,保温90min,再升温至78~80℃,保温20~30min;
(6)麦醪过滤:过滤得到澄清的麦汁,麦汁浓度为12~14°P;
(7)煮沸:在麦汁煮沸过程中,添加汉麻蛋白酶解物冻干粉为麦汁质量的1~3%,啤酒花为麦芽质量的0.2~0.5%,煮沸时间30~60min;
(8)冷却:将煮沸液过滤后,放入4~8℃冷藏室,进行冷却处理,得冷却液;
(9)发酵:向所述冷却液中加入啤酒酵母0.25~0.5%,发酵温度18~20℃,发酵7~10d,完成发酵;
(10)后熟:控制温度4~6℃,保持10~15d,去除酵母和沉淀物,得到汉麻蛋白酶解物精酿啤酒。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种汉麻蛋白酶解物精酿啤酒的制备方法,其特征在于:(4)中,所述低温冷冻干燥的温度为-30~30℃,时间为24h。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种汉麻蛋白酶解物精酿啤酒的制备方法,其特征在于:(4)中,真空度<10Pa。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种汉麻蛋白酶解物精酿啤酒的制备方法,其特征在于:(8)中,冷却处理至25~30℃。
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