CN112110780A - Fertilizer special for citrus and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Fertilizer special for citrus and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112110780A CN112110780A CN202010977196.5A CN202010977196A CN112110780A CN 112110780 A CN112110780 A CN 112110780A CN 202010977196 A CN202010977196 A CN 202010977196A CN 112110780 A CN112110780 A CN 112110780A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/50—Treatments combining two or more different biological or biochemical treatments, e.g. anaerobic and aerobic treatment or vermicomposting and aerobic treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/30—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of fertilizer preparation, and discloses a special fertilizer for citrus and a preparation method thereof, wherein the special fertilizer for citrus comprises, by mass, 6-8 parts of purified water, 8-10 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 1-2 parts of zymophyte, 4-5 parts of wheat straw, 3-4 parts of urea, 3-4 parts of rapeseed cakes, 1-2 parts of leaves, 2-3 parts of rotten wood, 2-3 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 1-2 parts of ferrous sulfate, 1-2 parts of zinc sulfate, 1-2 parts of sodium metasilicate, 2-3 parts of a slow release agent, and 1-2 parts of a coating auxiliary agent. The invention uses zymophyte to ferment wheat straw and livestock manure, realizes the preparation of organic fertilizer and provides sufficient nutrient components for oranges; moreover, the livestock manure and the wheat straw can be effectively utilized, and resources are saved; the slow release agent is added to realize slow release of fertilizer efficiency and reduce application amount; the provided fertilizer can meet the growth demand of oranges, improve the growth speed of the oranges, and ensure higher quality of the oranges.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fertilizer preparation, and particularly relates to a special fertilizer for citrus and a preparation method thereof.
Background
At present: citrus (Citrus reticulata Blanco) genus Rutaceae genus plant of the genus Citrus. The nature likes warm and humid climate, and the cold resistance is slightly stronger than that of pomelo, lime and sweet orange. The Citrus subfamily of Rutaceae is distributed between 16-37 ° north latitude. Is a tropical and subtropical evergreen fruit tree (except for trifoliate orange), and is used for economic cultivation of 3 genera: poncirus, Citrus, and Poncirus. China is wide in breadth and suitable in climate, and is suitable for planting citrus crops, so that the planting area of China is large, according to 2016 years of statistics, the planting area of China is as high as 255.67 ten thousand hectares, the total yield is up to 3616.8 ten thousand tons, and the method is mainly concentrated in regions such as Jiangxi, Yunnan, Sichuan, Chongqing and Hubei.
The planting of citrus crops drives the development of planting industry, transportation industry and related industries in partial areas, and plays a role in promoting the economic development of rural areas, but the fertilizer used in the prior citrus planting is a common fertilizer, so that the promoting effect on the growth of citrus is not obvious, and the quality of citrus is influenced.
Through the above analysis, the problems and defects of the prior art are as follows: the fertilizer used in the existing citrus planting is a common fertilizer, has an unobvious promoting effect on the growth of citrus, and influences the quality of citrus.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a special fertilizer for citrus and a preparation method thereof.
The invention is realized in such a way, the preparation method of the special fertilizer for citrus comprises the following steps:
cutting wheat straws into sections, mixing the wheat straws with livestock and poultry manure, and adding zymophyte to obtain a decomposed organic fertilizer;
the method comprises the following steps of cutting wheat straws into segments, mixing the wheat straws with livestock manure, and adding zymophyte to obtain the decomposed organic fertilizer:
(1) mixing bacillus subtilis, bacillus coagulans, bacillus mucilaginosus, free-living azotobacter, lactobacillus and trichoderma harpacum, adding purified water, and uniformly stirring to obtain a zymocyte liquid;
(2) cutting wheat straws into straw sections of 3-4cm, and fully rolling the straw sections by using a rolling machine to obtain straw scraps;
(3) mixing the livestock and poultry manure and the straw scraps, adding a zymophyte liquid during stirring, and fully stirring to obtain a fermentation raw material;
(4) transferring the fermentation raw material into a fermentation tank for fermentation to obtain a decomposed organic fertilizer;
the fermentation raw material is transferred into a fermentation tank for fermentation, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
1) transferring the fermentation raw material into a fermentation tank for primary fermentation;
2) after the first fermentation for 3-5h, spraying purified water into the fermentation tank for humidification, and stopping heating when the temperature in the fermentation tank reaches 82 ℃;
3) ventilating by an oxygen increasing fan to increase oxygen, and performing secondary fermentation for 6-12 h;
4) after the second fermentation is finished, introducing nitrogen to perform third fermentation, namely anaerobic fermentation, wherein the fermentation time is 4-6 h;
5) after the fermentation is finished, pumping out gas in the fermentation tank, and slowly opening the tank body to obtain decomposed organic fertilizer;
step two, adding rapeseed cakes into purified water for soaking, adding rotten wood for grinding to obtain rotten wood chips, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixture A;
drying the leaves, and grinding the leaves by a grinder to obtain leaf powder;
drying the leaves includes:
(3.1) controlling the drying and heating device to heat in a high-temperature parameter mode;
(3.2) detecting the temperature of the drying and heating device in real time, and judging whether the temperature in the drying and heating device is greater than or equal to a first temperature threshold value or not;
(3.3) if the temperature of the drying and heating device is greater than or equal to a first temperature threshold and is maintained for a first preset time, controlling the heating device to heat in a low-temperature parameter mode to obtain dried leaves;
mixing the decomposed organic fertilizer, the mixture A and the leaf powder, uniformly stirring, drying, and grinding to obtain organic matter powder;
step five, mixing potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate and sodium metasilicate, grinding and sieving to obtain powder with the particle size of less than 0.8mm, namely a mixture B;
step six, adding urea into the mixture B, stirring, adding organic matter powder, and uniformly mixing to obtain a special fertilizer premix for citrus;
seventhly, placing the special fertilizer premix for the citrus in a granulator, and adding a slow release agent for granulation to obtain fertilizer granules;
and step eight, placing the fertilizer particles in a reaction kettle, adding a coating auxiliary agent for coating, and obtaining the fertilizer special for the citrus.
Further, in the step (3.1), the controlling the drying and heating device to heat in a high temperature parameter manner includes:
(3.1.1) detecting the temperature of an air outlet of an air duct of the drying and heating device;
(3.1.2) judging whether the temperature of the air outlet is lower than a first temperature or not;
(3.1.3) if the temperature of the air outlet is lower than the first temperature, controlling the drying and heating device to heat;
(3.1.4) if the temperature of the air outlet is greater than or equal to the first temperature, controlling the drying and heating device to suspend heating.
Further, in the step 2), the temperature of the first fermentation is 50-60 ℃.
Further, in step 2), the step of spraying water into the fermentation tank for humidification specifically comprises: spraying water to the fermentation tank to make the water content of the fermentation raw material be 35-43%.
Further, in the third step, drying the leaves specifically is: and (3) placing the leaves in a dryer, setting the drying temperature at 120 ℃ and 130 ℃, and drying for 12-15 min.
Further, in the third step, the first temperature threshold is 120-.
Further, in the fourth step, the drying specifically includes: setting the drying temperature to 65-75 ℃ and the drying time to 1-2 h.
Further, in the seventh step, the step of placing the special fertilizer premix for citrus in a granulator, and adding a slow release agent for granulation comprises the following steps:
step A, placing the special fertilizer premix for the citrus in a multistage biaxial stretching mixing granulator, adding a slow release agent, and uniformly stirring;
b, setting the granulation temperature to be 40-45 ℃, and starting a granulator;
and C, melting and mixing the special fertilizer premix for the citrus and the corrosion inhibitor by using a granulator, and performing structural configuration on the blend to obtain fertilizer granules.
Further, in the eighth step, the fertilizer particles are placed in a reaction kettle, and a coating auxiliary agent is added for coating, and the method comprises the following steps:
step I, placing fertilizer particles in a reaction kettle, rolling in the reaction kettle, and polishing the surface to be smooth;
step II, blowing hot air into the reaction kettle to enable the temperature of the fertilizer particles to reach 60 ℃;
step III, melting paraffin into paraffin liquid, and spraying the paraffin liquid onto the surfaces of the fertilizer particles through an air atomizing nozzle;
and IV, slowly cooling, keeping the fertilizer rolling during cooling, and cooling to normal temperature to obtain the special fertilizer for the citrus.
The invention also aims to provide the special citrus fertilizer prepared by the preparation method; the special fertilizer for the citrus is composed of, by mass, 6-8 parts of purified water, 8-10 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 1-2 parts of zymophyte, 4-5 parts of wheat straw, 3-4 parts of urea, 3-4 parts of rapeseed cakes, 1-2 parts of leaves, 2-3 parts of rotten wood, 2-3 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 1-2 parts of ferrous sulfate, 1-2 parts of zinc sulfate, 1-2 parts of sodium metasilicate, 2-3 parts of a slow release agent and 1-2 parts of a coating auxiliary agent.
Further, the fermentation bacteria comprise 3-4 parts of bacillus subtilis, 2-3 parts of bacillus coagulans, 1-2 parts of bacillus mucilaginosus, 4-5 parts of free-living nitrogen-fixing bacteria, 3-4 parts of lactic acid bacteria and 1-2 parts of trichoderma harpacum according to the mass parts.
By combining all the technical schemes, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that: the invention uses zymophyte to ferment wheat straw and livestock manure, realizes the preparation of organic fertilizer and provides sufficient nutrient components for oranges; moreover, the livestock and poultry manure and the wheat straw can be effectively utilized, the environmental pollution is reduced, and the resources are saved; the supplement of elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus and the like is realized by adding urea, monopotassium phosphate, ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate and sodium metasilicate, and the promotion effect on the growth of the citrus is more obvious; the slow release agent is added in the preparation of the fertilizer, so that the slow release of the fertilizer effect can be realized, and the application amount is reduced. The fertilizer provided by the invention can meet the growth demand of oranges, greatly improves the growth speed of the oranges and has higher quality of the oranges.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments of the present application will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained from the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a preparation method of a fertilizer special for citrus provided by an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the method for preparing the decomposed organic fertilizer by cutting wheat straws into segments, mixing the wheat straws with livestock and poultry manure, and adding zymophyte.
FIG. 3 is a flow diagram of the transfer of fermentation feedstock to a fermentor for fermentation as provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a flow chart of placing the citrus special fertilizer premix in a granulator and adding a slow release agent for granulation according to the embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of the method for coating fertilizer granules in a reactor with coating adjuvants according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a special fertilizer for citrus and a preparation method thereof, and the invention is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The special citrus fertilizer provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises, by mass, 6-8 parts of purified water, 8-10 parts of livestock manure, 1-2 parts of zymophyte, 4-5 parts of wheat straw, 3-4 parts of urea, 3-4 parts of rapeseed cake, 1-2 parts of leaves, 2-3 parts of rotten wood, 2-3 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 1-2 parts of ferrous sulfate, 1-2 parts of zinc sulfate, 1-2 parts of sodium metasilicate, 2-3 parts of a slow release agent and 1-2 parts of a coating auxiliary agent.
The fermentation bacteria provided by the embodiment of the invention comprise 3-4 parts of bacillus subtilis, 2-3 parts of bacillus coagulans, 1-2 parts of bacillus mucilaginosus, 4-5 parts of free-living nitrogen-fixing bacteria, 3-4 parts of lactic acid bacteria and 1-2 parts of trichoderma harpacum in parts by mass.
As shown in fig. 1, the preparation method of the special citrus fertilizer provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
s101, cutting wheat straws into segments, mixing the wheat straws with livestock and poultry manure, and adding zymophyte to obtain a decomposed organic fertilizer;
s102, adding rapeseed cakes into purified water for soaking, adding rotten wood for grinding to obtain rotten wood chips, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixture A;
s103, drying the leaves, and grinding the leaves by a grinder to obtain leaf powder;
s104, mixing the decomposed organic fertilizer, the mixture A and the leaf powder, uniformly stirring, drying, and grinding to obtain organic matter powder;
s105, mixing potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate and sodium metasilicate, grinding and sieving to obtain powder with the particle size of less than 0.8mm, namely a mixture B;
s106, adding urea into the mixture B, stirring, adding organic matter powder, and uniformly mixing to obtain a special fertilizer premix for citrus;
s107, placing the special fertilizer premix for the citrus in a granulator, and adding a slow release agent for granulation to obtain fertilizer granules;
s108, placing the fertilizer particles in a reaction kettle, and adding a coating auxiliary agent to carry out coating to obtain the fertilizer special for the citrus.
As shown in fig. 2, in step S101, the method for preparing a decomposed organic fertilizer by mixing wheat straw and livestock manure after cutting into segments and adding fermentation tubes comprises the following steps:
s201, mixing bacillus subtilis, bacillus coagulans, bacillus mucilaginosus, free-living azotobacter, lactobacillus and trichoderma harpacum, adding purified water, and uniformly stirring to obtain a zymocyte liquid;
s202, cutting wheat straws into straw sections of 3-4cm, and fully rolling the straw sections by using a rolling machine to obtain straw scraps;
s203, mixing the livestock and poultry manure and the straw scraps, adding a zymogen liquid during stirring, and fully stirring to obtain a fermentation raw material;
and S204, transferring the fermentation raw material into a fermentation tank for fermentation to obtain the decomposed organic fertilizer.
As shown in fig. 3, in step S204, transferring the fermentation material to a fermentation tank for fermentation according to the embodiment of the present invention specifically includes:
s301, transferring the fermentation raw material into a fermentation tank, and controlling the fermentation temperature to be 50-60 ℃ for primary fermentation;
s302, after the first fermentation is carried out for 3-5 hours, spraying purified water into the fermentation tank for humidification, and stopping heating when the temperature in the fermentation tank reaches 82 ℃;
s303, ventilating by an oxygen increasing fan to increase oxygen, and performing secondary fermentation for 6-12 h;
s304, after the second fermentation is finished, introducing nitrogen to perform third fermentation, namely anaerobic fermentation, wherein the fermentation time is 4-6 h;
s305, after the fermentation is finished, pumping out gas in the fermentation tank, and slowly opening the tank to obtain the decomposed organic fertilizer.
In step S302, the water spraying and humidifying to the fermentation tank provided in the embodiment of the present invention specifically includes: spraying water to the fermentation tank to make the water content of the fermentation raw material be 35-43%.
In step S103, the drying the leaves provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes: controlling a drying and heating device to heat in a high-temperature parameter mode; detecting the temperature of the drying and heating device in real time, and judging whether the temperature in the drying and heating device is greater than or equal to a first temperature threshold value or not; and if the temperature of the drying and heating device is greater than or equal to the first temperature threshold and is maintained for the first preset time, controlling the heating device to heat in a low-temperature parameter mode, and obtaining the dried leaves.
The first temperature threshold provided by the embodiment of the invention is 120-130 ℃, and the first preset time is 12-15 min.
In step S104, the drying provided in the embodiment of the present invention specifically includes: setting the drying temperature to 65-75 ℃ and the drying time to 1-2 h.
As shown in fig. 4, in step S107, the process of placing the premix for citrus special fertilizer into a granulator and adding the sustained release agent for granulation includes:
s401, placing the special citrus fertilizer premix in a multistage biaxial stretching mixing granulator, adding a slow release agent, and uniformly stirring;
s402, setting the granulation temperature to be 40-45 ℃, and starting a granulator;
and S403, carrying out melt mixing on the special citrus fertilizer premix and the corrosion inhibitor by using a granulator, and carrying out structural configuration on the blend to obtain fertilizer granules.
As shown in fig. 5, in step S108, the fertilizer granules are placed in a reaction kettle, and a coating adjuvant is added to perform coating, which includes the following steps:
s501, placing fertilizer particles in a reaction kettle, rolling in the reaction kettle, and polishing the surface to be smooth;
s502, blowing hot air into the reaction kettle to enable the temperature of the fertilizer particles to reach 60 ℃;
s503, melting paraffin into paraffin liquid, and spraying the paraffin liquid on the surfaces of the fertilizer particles through an air atomizing nozzle;
and S504, slowly cooling, keeping the fertilizer rolling during cooling, and cooling to normal temperature to obtain the special fertilizer for the citrus.
The technical solution of the present invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples.
Example 1:
the preparation method of the special fertilizer for citrus comprises the following steps:
(1) cutting 4 parts of wheat straw into segments, mixing the segments with 8 parts of livestock manure, and adding 1 part of zymophyte to obtain a decomposed organic fertilizer;
(2) adding 3 parts of rapeseed cakes into 6 parts of purified water for soaking, adding 2 parts of rotten wood for grinding to obtain rotten wood chips, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixture A;
(3) drying 1 part of leaves, and grinding the dried leaves by a grinder to obtain leaf powder;
(4) mixing the decomposed organic fertilizer, the mixture A and the leaf powder, uniformly stirring, drying, and grinding to obtain organic matter powder;
(5) mixing 2 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 1 part of ferrous sulfate, 1 part of zinc sulfate and 1 part of sodium metasilicate, grinding and sieving to obtain powder with the particle size of less than 0.8mm, namely a mixture B;
(6) adding 3 parts of urea into the mixture B, stirring, adding organic matter powder, and uniformly mixing to obtain a special fertilizer premix for citrus;
(7) placing the special fertilizer premix for the citrus in a granulator, and adding 2 parts of slow release agent for granulation to obtain fertilizer granules;
(8) and (3) putting the fertilizer particles into a reaction kettle, and adding 1 part of coating auxiliary agent for coating to obtain the fertilizer special for the citrus.
Example 2
The preparation method of the special fertilizer for citrus comprises the following steps:
(1) cutting 4 parts of wheat straw into segments, mixing the segments with 9 parts of livestock manure, and adding 1 part of zymophyte to obtain a decomposed organic fertilizer;
(2) adding 3 parts of rapeseed cakes into 7 parts of purified water for soaking, adding 2 parts of rotten wood for grinding to obtain rotten wood chips, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixture A;
(3) drying 1 part of leaves, and grinding the dried leaves by a grinder to obtain leaf powder;
(4) mixing the decomposed organic fertilizer, the mixture A and the leaf powder, uniformly stirring, drying, and grinding to obtain organic matter powder;
(5) mixing 2 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 1 part of ferrous sulfate, 2 parts of zinc sulfate and 1 part of sodium metasilicate, grinding and sieving to obtain powder with the particle size of less than 0.8mm, namely a mixture B;
(6) adding 3 parts of urea into the mixture B, stirring, adding organic matter powder, and uniformly mixing to obtain a special fertilizer premix for citrus;
(7) placing the special fertilizer premix for the citrus in a granulator, and adding 2 parts of slow release agent for granulation to obtain fertilizer granules;
(8) and (3) putting the fertilizer particles into a reaction kettle, and adding 1 part of coating auxiliary agent for coating to obtain the fertilizer special for the citrus.
Example 3
The preparation method of the special fertilizer for citrus comprises the following steps:
(1) cutting 5 parts of wheat straw into segments, mixing the segments with 10 parts of livestock manure, and adding 2 parts of zymophyte to obtain a decomposed organic fertilizer;
(2) adding 4 parts of rapeseed cakes into 8 parts of purified water for soaking, adding 3 parts of rotten wood for grinding to obtain rotten wood chips, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixture A;
(3) drying 2 parts of leaves, and grinding the dried leaves by a grinder to obtain leaf powder;
(4) mixing the decomposed organic fertilizer, the mixture A and the leaf powder, uniformly stirring, drying, and grinding to obtain organic matter powder;
(5) mixing 3 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 2 parts of ferrous sulfate, 2 parts of zinc sulfate and 2 parts of sodium metasilicate, grinding and sieving to obtain powder with the particle size of less than 0.8mm, namely a mixture B;
(6) adding 4 parts of urea into the mixture B, stirring, adding organic matter powder, and uniformly mixing to obtain a special fertilizer premix for citrus;
(7) placing the special fertilizer premix for the citrus in a granulator, and adding 3 parts of slow release agent for granulation to obtain fertilizer granules;
(8) and (3) putting the fertilizer particles into a reaction kettle, and adding 2 parts of coating auxiliary agents to carry out coating to obtain the fertilizer special for the citrus.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention disclosed herein, which is within the spirit and principle of the present invention, should be covered by the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation method of the special fertilizer for citrus is characterized by comprising the following steps:
cutting wheat straws into sections, mixing the wheat straws with livestock and poultry manure, and adding zymophyte to obtain a decomposed organic fertilizer;
the method comprises the following steps of cutting wheat straws into segments, mixing the wheat straws with livestock manure, and adding zymophyte to obtain the decomposed organic fertilizer:
(1) mixing bacillus subtilis, bacillus coagulans, bacillus mucilaginosus, free-living azotobacter, lactobacillus and trichoderma harpacum, adding purified water, and uniformly stirring to obtain a zymocyte liquid;
(2) cutting wheat straws into straw sections of 3-4cm, and fully rolling the straw sections by using a rolling machine to obtain straw scraps;
(3) mixing the livestock and poultry manure and the straw scraps, adding a zymophyte liquid during stirring, and fully stirring to obtain a fermentation raw material;
(4) transferring the fermentation raw material into a fermentation tank for fermentation to obtain a decomposed organic fertilizer;
the fermentation raw material is transferred into a fermentation tank for fermentation, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
1) transferring the fermentation raw material into a fermentation tank for primary fermentation;
2) after the first fermentation for 3-5h, spraying purified water into the fermentation tank for humidification, and stopping heating when the temperature in the fermentation tank reaches 82 ℃;
3) ventilating by an oxygen increasing fan to increase oxygen, and performing secondary fermentation for 6-12 h;
4) after the second fermentation is finished, introducing nitrogen to perform third fermentation, namely anaerobic fermentation, wherein the fermentation time is 4-6 h;
5) after the fermentation is finished, pumping out gas in the fermentation tank, and slowly opening the tank body to obtain decomposed organic fertilizer;
step two, adding rapeseed cakes into purified water for soaking, adding rotten wood for grinding to obtain rotten wood chips, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixture A;
drying the leaves, and grinding the leaves by a grinder to obtain leaf powder;
drying the leaves includes:
(3.1) controlling the drying and heating device to heat in a high-temperature parameter mode;
(3.2) detecting the temperature of the drying and heating device in real time, and judging whether the temperature in the drying and heating device is greater than or equal to a first temperature threshold value or not;
(3.3) if the temperature of the drying and heating device is greater than or equal to a first temperature threshold and is maintained for a first preset time, controlling the heating device to heat in a low-temperature parameter mode to obtain dried leaves;
mixing the decomposed organic fertilizer, the mixture A and the leaf powder, uniformly stirring, drying, and grinding to obtain organic matter powder;
step five, mixing potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate and sodium metasilicate, grinding and sieving to obtain powder with the particle size of less than 0.8mm, namely a mixture B;
step six, adding urea into the mixture B, stirring, adding organic matter powder, and uniformly mixing to obtain a special fertilizer premix for citrus;
seventhly, placing the special fertilizer premix for the citrus in a granulator, and adding a slow release agent for granulation to obtain fertilizer granules;
and step eight, placing the fertilizer particles in a reaction kettle, adding a coating auxiliary agent for coating, and obtaining the fertilizer special for the citrus.
2. The method for preparing the special fertilizer for citrus as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (3.1), the controlling, drying and heating the fertilizer by the drying and heating device in a high temperature parameter manner comprises:
(3.1.1) detecting the temperature of an air outlet of an air duct of the drying and heating device;
(3.1.2) judging whether the temperature of the air outlet is lower than a first temperature or not;
(3.1.3) if the temperature of the air outlet is lower than the first temperature, controlling the drying and heating device to heat;
(3.1.4) if the temperature of the air outlet is greater than or equal to the first temperature, controlling the drying and heating device to suspend heating.
3. The method for preparing the special fertilizer for citrus as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 2), the first fermentation temperature is 50-60 ℃.
4. The method for preparing the fertilizer special for citrus as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 2), the water is sprayed into the fermentation tank for humidification, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: spraying water to the fermentation tank to make the water content of the fermentation raw material be 35-43%.
5. The method for preparing fertilizer special for citrus as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the third step, the first temperature threshold is 120-130 ℃, and the first preset time is 12-15 min.
6. The preparation method of the fertilizer special for citrus as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the fourth step, the drying is carried out, specifically: setting the drying temperature to 65-75 ℃ and the drying time to 1-2 h.
7. The method for preparing the special citrus fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein in step seven, the step of placing the special citrus fertilizer premix in a granulator and adding the slow release agent for granulation comprises the following steps:
step A, placing the special fertilizer premix for the citrus in a multistage biaxial stretching mixing granulator, adding a slow release agent, and uniformly stirring;
b, setting the granulation temperature to be 40-45 ℃, and starting a granulator;
and C, melting and mixing the special fertilizer premix for the citrus and the corrosion inhibitor by using a granulator, and performing structural configuration on the blend to obtain fertilizer granules.
8. The method for preparing the special fertilizer for citrus as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step eight, the fertilizer particles are placed in the reaction kettle, and the coating auxiliary agent is added for coating, and the method comprises the following steps:
step I, placing fertilizer particles in a reaction kettle, rolling in the reaction kettle, and polishing the surface to be smooth;
step II, blowing hot air into the reaction kettle to enable the temperature of the fertilizer particles to reach 60 ℃;
step III, melting paraffin into paraffin liquid, and spraying the paraffin liquid onto the surfaces of the fertilizer particles through an air atomizing nozzle;
and IV, slowly cooling, keeping the fertilizer rolling during cooling, and cooling to normal temperature to obtain the special fertilizer for the citrus.
9. A fertilizer special for citrus prepared by the method for preparing the fertilizer special for citrus according to the claims 1-8; the special citrus fertilizer is characterized by comprising, by mass, 6-8 parts of purified water, 8-10 parts of livestock manure, 1-2 parts of fermentation tubes, 4-5 parts of wheat straws, 3-4 parts of urea, 3-4 parts of rapeseed cakes, 1-2 parts of leaves, 2-3 parts of rotten wood, 2-3 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 1-2 parts of ferrous sulfate, 1-2 parts of zinc sulfate, 1-2 parts of sodium metasilicate, 2-3 parts of a slow release agent and 1-2 parts of a coating auxiliary agent.
10. A citrus fruit specific fertilizer according to claim 9; the fermentation bacteria are characterized by comprising 3-4 parts of bacillus subtilis, 2-3 parts of bacillus coagulans, 1-2 parts of bacillus mucilaginosus, 4-5 parts of free-living nitrogen-fixing bacteria, 3-4 parts of lactic acid bacteria and 1-2 parts of trichoderma harpacum according to parts by mass.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN112679247A (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-04-20 | 山东绿宝珠生物肥业有限公司 | Organic active fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
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