CN109867562A - A kind of slow-release or control-release fertilizer preparation method for material - Google Patents
A kind of slow-release or control-release fertilizer preparation method for material Download PDFInfo
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- CN109867562A CN109867562A CN201810324759.3A CN201810324759A CN109867562A CN 109867562 A CN109867562 A CN 109867562A CN 201810324759 A CN201810324759 A CN 201810324759A CN 109867562 A CN109867562 A CN 109867562A
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Abstract
The present invention relates to slow-release or control-release fertilizer field more particularly to a kind of slow-release or control-release fertilizer preparation method for material.The following steps are included: S1, configuration A material: the A material containing vegetable oil-based polyols being mixed evenly in a kettle according to the ratio；S2, configuration B material: the B material containing isocyanates is mixed according to the ratio, auxiliary agent is added and is heated to certain temperature, stirs evenly；S3, coating: fertilizer kernel being placed in rotary drum and be rolled, and carrying out polishing to surface keeps its smooth, while to hot wind is blasted in rotary drum, nuclear temperature in fertilizer being made to reach 55-80 DEG C；A material and B material are sprayed onto fertilizer core surface by several air atomizer spray nozzles respectively after fertilizer core surface is smooth, after solidifying a period of time, repeats to spray and solidify 2-5 times；Then a certain amount of paraffin is added to be cooled to room temperature after rolling uniformly, obtain sustained-controll-release fertiliser.Slow-release or control-release fertilizer preparation method for material of the invention, will not occur pipeline stopping state, coating effect preferably, production efficiency it is higher.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to slow-release or control-release fertilizer field more particularly to a kind of slow-release or control-release fertilizer preparation method for material.
Background technique
Water and fertilizer are the basic conditions of plant growth, while being also an important factor for restricting China's agricultural sustainable development
And resource.The existing level of agricultural production in China is low, and this season utilization rate nitrogenous fertilizer of farmland fertilizer only has 30-50%, phosphate fertilizer 10-
20%, potash fertilizer 35-50%, lower than external similar fertilizer about 5-20%.By taking nitrogenous fertilizer as an example, the nitrogen quantity lost every year is equivalent to
More than 1900 ten thousand tons of urea converts into more than 380 hundred million yuan of RMB.On the other hand, China is the poor country of a water resource, agricultural
It is that China first uses water rich and influential family with water, accounts for 80% or so of China's water resources consumption.
The moisture-retention sustained release and release control fertilizer production technology of the 1960s is started from, chemical fertilizer utilization ratio is low, chemical fertilizer is dirty to solve
Dye, the problems such as water use efficiency is low, propose new thinking and approach, and achieve encouraging Recent Progresses In The Development.
Current moisture-retention sustained release and release control fertilizer mainly has mixed type, coating/coated, absorbent-type and chemical reaction type.Its
In, 1) mixed type water-absorbing-retaining slow release fertilizer is that directly water absorbent polymer and common fertilizer or sustained-release and controlled release fertilizer are mixed
It is combined to prepare Water-retaining slow-release fertilizer.2) coating/coated Water-retaining slow-release fertilizer is using fertilizer as core, with containing high
The coating substance coating of water absorbent polymer.Two classes are generally divided into, one kind is straight in the polymerization system for preparing high hydroscopic resin
Addition fertilizer is connect, fertilizer is made gradually to be filled in the three-dimensional network of resin gel during the progress of polymerization reaction；It is another kind of to be
The high hydroscopic resin powder synthesized in advance is adhered to the surface of fertiliser granulates under the action of the liquid such as water, to be formed close
Capsule structure.3) absorbent-type water-absorbing-retaining slow release fertilizer is that directly super absorbent resin is immersed in fertilizer solution, is reached
After swelling equilibrium, dry, crushing is to prepare slow release fertilizer.4) Water-retaining slow-release fertilizer of chemical reaction type refers to poly- by water imbibition
The method for closing the chemical modification of object, by fertilizer nutrient group through chemical bonding on macromolecular skeleton, to keep its existing
Water suction, water conservation drought resistance, and there is sustained release performance.
For moisture-retention sustained release fertilizer, no matter the arid vast for China, semiarid zone, or south is seasonal
Arid area, no matter for crop field cereal crops, industrial crops, production of fruit trees or afforestation, check winds and fix drifting sand, water and soil protect
It holds engineering all to have broad application prospects, for saving liquid manure resource, reduces pollution, improve the ecological environment, increasing both production and income is real
The sustainable development of existing agricultural all has great importance.Its development trend and research direction mainly have the following: 1) finding
Cheap material, raw material simplify synthesis route, cost are greatly lowered；2) reinforce theoretical research, such as nutrients release machine
The research of reason, water conservation mechanism etc.；3) water-retaining type for developing degradable modified natural system high hydroscopic resin as coating layer is sustained
Fertilizer；4) salt tolerance and the intensity after water suction for improving moisture-retention sustained release fertilizer.
The patent of invention that Chinese Patent Application No. is 201310753674.4 and 201410236023.2, discloses one kind
C36 dimer fatty polyester polyols are based on containing the biodegradable slow-release or control-release fertilizer coating material of soybean oil polyol and one kind
Controlled Release Fertilizer coating material preparation method, however be in its production process first by A material with B expect mix after be pumped into rotary drum to fertilizer
Material coating, there are A material and B to expect reaction in the duct to expect to expect to mix with B there is a situation where blocking pipeline, while there is also A
Problem that is inhomogenous, causing coating effect poor, and then influence production efficiency.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the above technical problems, the object of the present invention is to provide one kind, and pipeline stopping state, coating effect will not occur
Fruit is preferable, the higher slow-release or control-release fertilizer preparation method for material of production efficiency.
The present invention provides a kind of slow-release or control-release fertilizer preparation method for material, comprising the following steps:
S1, configuration A material: the A material containing vegetable oil-based polyols is mixed evenly in a kettle according to the ratio；
S2, configuration B material: the B material containing isocyanates is mixed according to the ratio, auxiliary agent is added and is heated to certain temperature, stirs
It mixes uniformly；
S3, coating: fertilizer kernel being placed in rotary drum and be rolled, and carrying out polishing to surface keeps its smooth, while in rotary drum
Hot wind is blasted, nuclear temperature in fertilizer is made to reach 55-80 DEG C；By A material and B material respectively by several after fertilizer core surface is smooth
A air atomizer spray nozzle is sprayed onto fertilizer core surface, after solidifying a period of time, repeats to spray and solidify 2-5 times；Then it is added
A certain amount of paraffin is cooled to room temperature after rolling uniformly, obtains sustained-controll-release fertiliser.
Keep its surface smooth it should be noted that carrying out rolling polishing to fertilizer kernel by rotary drum, it can be ensured that coating
Material quickly extends in fertilizer core surface, and coatings in homogeneous thickness are tightly combined and formed with fertilizer kernel, saves coating
The dosage of material reduces coating cost.A material and B material are dispersed as micron-sized fine drop and are sprayed onto fertilizer surface, moreover it is possible into
One step ensures the uniformity being coated, while saving coating material dosage.Since A material and B material are not pre-mixed, thus may be used
To prevent it from reacting in pipeline, thus the case where avoiding blocking.But this requires A material and B material in fertilizer kernel table
The reaction speed in face too slow, also need to can not can not be easy to control too fastly.
In order to make A material and B material come into full contact with and react in fertilizer core surface, while in order to avoid the wave of coating material
Take, further, in the step S, the bore for controlling atomizer is 0.8-1.3mm, air pressure 2.5-3.5Mpa.
Specifically, the size droplet diameter that A material and B material are atomized is 50-100 μm.
Specifically, in the step S3, to rotary drum in blast hot wind, so that nuclear temperature in fertilizer is reached 70-75 DEG C.
Specifically, control rotary drum revolving speed is 30-50r/min in the step S3.Optimal, control rotary drum revolving speed is
40r/min。
Specifically, the total weight of A material and B material accounts for sustained-controll-release fertiliser total weight during sprinkling every time in the step S3
1-1.5%.
Specifically, control A material and B material react the quality that the coating material formed accounts for sustained-controll-release fertiliser in the step S3
Percentage is 2%-5%.
Preferably, it is 2.2%-4% that the coating material, which accounts for the mass percent of sustained-controll-release fertiliser,.
Specifically, in the step S3, curing time 2-5min.
Specifically, paraffin accounts for the 1-1.5% of sustained-controll-release fertiliser total weight in the step S3.
It should be noted that vegetable oil based polyurethane be copolymerized by vegetable oil polyol and isocyanates and
At compared with the polyurethane of petroleum-type polyether polyols alcohol production, mechanical performance is similar, and resistance to thermal oxide and resistance to pyrolytic are more
It is good, there is degradability, production cost is lower.The type of isocyanates is very big on the influence of the performance of polyurethane, relative to fat
Race's isocyanates has higher rigidity, but its anti-oxidant and anti-purple by the polyurethane of Material synthesis of aromatic isocyanate
Outer performance is poor；And relative to diisocyanate, three isocyanic acids synthesize polyurethane have higher density, glass transition temperature and
Tensile strength, but elongation at break, swellability and impact strength are relatively small.
According to the difference of the type of polyalcohol, molecular weight, functional group and molecular structure, prepared vegetable oil based polyurethane
Physical and chemical performance difference it is very big, therefore polyalcohol polyurethane preparation in have critically important status, other amounts of components are all
On the basis of it.And the property of vegetable oil polyol and the physicochemical property of vegetable oil have very strong relevance.As shown in table 1,
For the content of fatty acid in frequently seen plants oil triglycerides.
The content of fatty acid in 1 frequently seen plants oil triglycerides of table
Biggish in view of current industrial plant oil yield is usually soybean oil and palm oil, specifically, the vegetable oil
Polylol includes soybean oil polyol, palm oil polyalcohol.
It should be noted that the degree of functionality of polyol compound is bigger under normal conditions, hydroxyl value is higher, then generation is reacted
Polyurethane hardness is bigger, and mechanical and physical performance is better, and heat resistance is also better, but the intersolubility with the other components such as isocyanates
It can then be deteriorated with the increase of degree of functionality and hydroxyl value.Hydroxy compounds and the reaction of isocyanates be during polyurethane synthesizes most often
See, it is most basic reaction one of.In the identical situation of hydroxy radical content, the bigger polyol reaction rate of degree of functionality is bigger, instead
Answer the viscosity increase of object faster.
It should be noted that, for the synthetic method of vegetable oil-based polyols, being focused primarily upon to plant in addition to castor oil
Unsaturated double-bond is chemically modified and is transformed on the ester bond of fatty glyceride and fatty acid alkyl chain in oil, common methods
Have: ester-interchange method, ozonization method, high temperature and pressure catalysis method, Diels-Alder cycloaddition method, gathers at epoxy addition hydroxylating method
Conjunction-Hydrolyze method, polyesterification polyol process, olefin metathesis method, sulphur-alkene addition process etc..It uses in the present invention by polyhydroxy chemical combination
Method in object introduced plant oil molecule, prepares vegetable oil-based polyols.
By taking palm oil polyalcohol as an example, specifically, the palm oil polyalcohol is prepared via following methods: by 8-11
The palm oil of part is added in reaction kettle, heats while stirring, mixing speed 100-200r/min is heated to addition at 80-90 DEG C
9-12 parts of glycerine and 3-5 portions of diethylene glycol (DEG)s are kept for 3-5 hours under agitation, it is more then to be cooled to room temperature obtained palm oil
First alcohol.
Specifically, the B material includes toluene di-isocyanate(TDI), lysine diisocyanate, polymethylene polyphenyl polyisocyanate
Mixture made of one or more of cyanate mixes.
By taking palm oil polyalcohol as an example, specifically, A material accounts for the 55-70% of coating material weight, the B material accounts for packet
The 30-45% of clothing material weight；A material includes palm oil polyalcohol and palm oil polyalcohol accounts for the mass percent of A material and is
30-70%, the B material is including in toluene di-isocyanate(TDI), lysine diisocyanate, poly methylene poly phenyl poly isocyanate
One or more mix made of mixture.
Specifically, A material is prepared via following methods: according to the ratio by palm oil polyalcohol and polyester polyol,
One or more of castor oil mixes is mixed 5-10min in a kettle, obtains A material.
Specifically, the B material is prepared via following methods: according to the ratio that toluene di-isocyanate(TDI), lysine two is different
One or more of cyanate, poly methylene poly phenyl poly isocyanate mix, and auxiliary agent is added and is heated to 65-75 DEG C,
1-2min is stirred, B material is obtained.
Specifically, A material include based on mass fraction 50% palm oil polyalcohol, 30% castor oil and
20% polyester polyol.
Specifically, the B material includes 20% toluene di-isocyanate(TDI), 10% two isocyanide of lysine based on mass fraction
Acid esters and 70% poly methylene poly phenyl poly isocyanate.
According to the above aspect of the present invention, the present invention has at least the following advantages: since A material and B material occur to gather in fertilizer core surface
Reactive urethane, because without generator tube road stopping state, since the partial size for spraying drop is smaller, coating effect is preferable, A material and B
Material may be implemented to be uniformly mixed in fertilizer core surface, and effectively saving dosage, production efficiency are higher.
The above description is only an overview of the technical scheme of the present invention, in order to better understand the technical means of the present invention,
And can be implemented in accordance with the contents of the specification, with presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, detailed description is as follows below.
Specific embodiment
With reference to embodiment, the embodiment of the present invention is furthur described in detail.Following embodiment is used for
Illustrate the present invention, but is not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The preparation of 1 film-coated controlled release fertilizer of embodiment
The present embodiment provides a kind of preparation methods of sustained-controll-release fertiliser, comprising the following steps:
S1, configuration A material；The A material containing vegetable oil-based polyols is mixed evenly in a kettle according to the ratio；
S2, configuration B material: the B material containing isocyanates is mixed according to the ratio, auxiliary agent is added and is heated to certain temperature, stirs
It mixes uniformly；
S3, coating: it will roll in the rotary drum of fertilizer kernel merging horizontal rotation, revolving speed 40r/min polishes to surface
Keep its smooth, while to the hot wind for blasting 98 DEG C in rotary drum, so that nuclear temperature in fertilizer is reached 55-80 DEG C, optimal is 70-75 DEG C；
A material and B material are sprayed onto fertilizer core surface by several air atomizer spray nozzles respectively after fertilizer core surface is smooth, Gu
Change 2-5 minutes, wherein atomizer air pressure 3MPa, nozzle diameter 1mm, 50-100 μm of spray particle diameter,；Repeat sprinkling and
Solidification process 2-5 times；Then the paraffin for accounting for sustained-controll-release fertiliser gross mass 1.25% is added to be cooled to room temperature, obtain after rolling uniformly
To sustained-controll-release fertiliser.
Selection for fertilizer in fertilizer kernel, due to and non-present invention emphasis, thus only with diameter be 2.00-
For the granular urea of 4.75mm, subsequent experimental analysis is done.
Selection for A material and B material, the present invention do not limit to, and all A that can be realized expect after mixing with B material, in fertilizer
Polyurethane reaction occurs for core surface, and obtains sustained-controll-release fertiliser, should all fall into protection scope of the present invention.The present embodiment exists
This, only provide 3 kinds of enforceable formulas, B material it is identical, based on mass fraction including 20% toluene di-isocyanate(TDI), 10%
Lysine diisocyanate and 70% poly methylene poly phenyl poly isocyanate.
Expect about A, respectively include following component:
A1: for the composition of PPG600 and polyester polyol, PPG600 accounts for the 40% of composition weight, and polyester polyol accounts for
The 60% of composition.
A2: for the composition of soybean oil polyol and polyester polyol, soybean oil polyol accounts for the 60% of composition, polyester
Polyalcohol accounts for composition 40%.
A3: for the composition of palm oil polyalcohol, castor oil and polyester polyol, palm oil polyalcohol accounts for composition
50%, castor oil accounts for the 30% of composition, and polyester polyol accounts for the 20% of composition.
Wherein, in A3 palm oil polyalcohol the preparation method comprises the following steps: 8-11 parts of palm oil is added in reaction kettle, Bian Jiare
Side stirring, mixing speed 100-200r/min are heated to that 9-12 parts of glycerine are added at 80-90 DEG C, and 3-5 portions of diethylene glycol (DEG)s are stirring
It is kept for 3-5 hours under the conditions of mixing, then is cooled to room temperature obtained palm oil polyalcohol, using palm oil polyalcohol made from the method
Hydroxyl value be 160mgKOH/g-320mgKOH/g.
(A1, A2, A3) is expected according to the above different A, and in the case where B material and coating method keep identical situation, use is identical
Method, to control its film forming speed, different film-coated controlled release fertilizers difference are made by controlling different A material and B material proportion
For film-coated controlled release fertilizer 1 (fertilizer 1), film-coated controlled release fertilizer 2 (fertilizer 2) and film-coated controlled release fertilizer 3 (fertilizer 3).
At the same time, control group is coated fertilizer kernel using traditional approach, and specific steps include: by fertilizer kernel
It is heated to 50-70 DEG C in seed-coating machine, the A mixed material and B material are pumped into the fertilizer core surface constantly moved in batches, every time
Input quantity be fertilizer total amount 1-2%, solidify 4-6 minutes；Then it repeats to be pumped into and solidification process.Using this mode, most
Control group film-coated controlled release fertilizer 1 (control fertilizer 1), control group film-coated controlled release fertilizer 2 (control fertilizer 2) and control are obtained eventually
Group film-coated controlled release fertilizer 3 (control fertilizer 3).
For the detection method of the controlled-release effect of sustained-controll-release fertiliser, according to method specified in HG/T4215-2011 standard
It carries out, the present invention repeats no more.Test result is as shown in table 2, it is seen that using the preparation method of sustained-controll-release fertiliser of the invention, no
The dosage that only can effectively save material prevents the case where blocking pipeline, simultaneously because coating process is more uniform, can extend
Releasing effect is improved, the growth cycle of plant is met the deenergized period of fertilizer.
Film-forming feature, controlled-release effect and the material utilization amount tables of data of 2 different fertilizer of table
Tests prove that coating material accounts for fertilizer quality specific gravity 2%-5%, its biodegrade is influenced more than 5%
Effect, and production cost will improve, and will will affect its slow controlled-release effect lower than 2%.Coating material accounts for fertilizer quality specific gravity
When within the scope of 2.2%-4%, the slow controlled release properties of each sustained-controll-release fertiliser and biodegradable difference on effect are in controllable range
Interior, difference is little.
The selection of 2 art for coating of embodiment
The present embodiment also provides one group of formula for using fertilizer 3, under different art for coating, each sustained-controll-release fertiliser performance
Comparing result.Difference technology characteristics are as follows, and the preparation method of other steps is in the same manner as in Example 1, repeats no more.
Technique 1: once having sprayed A material and B material, and coating material accounts for the 3% of fertilizer gross mass；
Technique 2: having sprayed A material and B material twice, and coating material accounts for the 3% of fertilizer gross mass；
Technique 3: having sprayed A material and B material three times, and coating material accounts for the 3% of fertilizer gross mass；
For technique 1, A material increases severely with B material polyurethane reaction process viscosity, tears increasing between particle, leads to coating
Breakage rate increases；For technique 2, A material and B material polyurethane reaction process are general, and coating is less uniform, and breakage rate is general, always
Body is within the acceptable range；For technique 3, A material and B material polyurethane reaction process are preferable, and particle scatters quickly, and coating is not
It can be damaged.
In addition, the present embodiment also studies the influence under different spraying conditions for coating process, wherein with technique 3 be base
It is as follows to adjust technique for quasi- process conditions:
Technique 3A: the air pressure for controlling atomizer is 2MPa；
Technique 3B: the air pressure for controlling atomizer is 2.5MPa；
Technique 3C: the air pressure for controlling atomizer is 3MPa；
Technique 3D: the air pressure for controlling atomizer is 3.5MPa；
Technique 3E: the air pressure for controlling atomizer is 4MPa；
Above-mentioned technique 3A-E is compared, test result is shown, when the air pressure of atomizer is lower than 2.5MPa, AB expects mist
Change effect is poor, and droplet is larger, causes coating uniformity poor, and film surface is rough, when the air pressure of atomizer is higher than
When 3.5MPa, the atomization of AB material excessively, forms rebound after reaching fertilizer surface and splashes, " peeling " phenomenon occurs in film layer.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is not intended to restrict the invention, it is noted that for this skill
For the those of ordinary skill in art field, without departing from the technical principles of the invention, can also make it is several improvement and
Modification, these improvements and modifications also should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of slow-release or control-release fertilizer preparation method for material, it is characterised in that: the following steps are included:
S1, configuration A material: the A material containing vegetable oil-based polyols is mixed evenly in a kettle according to the ratio；
S2, configuration B material: the B material containing isocyanates is mixed according to the ratio, auxiliary agent is added and is heated to certain temperature, stirring is equal
It is even；
S3, coating: fertilizer kernel being placed in rotary drum and be rolled, and carrying out polishing to surface keeps its smooth, while to blasting in rotary drum
Hot wind makes nuclear temperature in fertilizer reach 55-80 DEG C；A material and B material are passed through into several skies respectively after fertilizer core surface is smooth
Aerosolization nozzles spray is to fertilizer core surface, after solidifying a period of time, repeats to spray and solidify 2-5 times；Then it is added certain
Paraffin is measured to be cooled to room temperature after rolling uniformly, obtain sustained-controll-release fertiliser.
2. slow-release or control-release fertilizer preparation method for material according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in the step S, control atomization spray
The bore of mouth is 0.8-1.3mm, air pressure 2.5-3.5Mpa.
3. slow-release or control-release fertilizer preparation method for material according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: A material and B expect the drop grain being atomized
Diameter is 50-100 μm.
4. slow-release or control-release fertilizer preparation method for material according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in the step S3, in rotary drum
Hot wind is blasted, nuclear temperature in fertilizer is made to reach 70-75 DEG C.
5. slow-release or control-release fertilizer preparation method for material according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in the step S3, control rotary drum
Revolving speed is 30-50r/min.
6. slow-release or control-release fertilizer preparation method for material according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in the step S3, spray every time
The total weight of A material and B material accounts for the 1-1.5% of sustained-controll-release fertiliser total weight in the process.
7. slow-release or control-release fertilizer preparation method for material according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in the step S3, control A material and
The mass percent that the coating material that B material reaction is formed accounts for sustained-controll-release fertiliser is 2%-5%.
8. slow-release or control-release fertilizer preparation method for material according to claim 7, it is characterised in that: the coating material accounts for slow-release or control-release fertilizer
The mass percent of material is 2.2%-4%.
9. slow-release or control-release fertilizer preparation method for material according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in the step S3, curing time
For 2-5min.
10. slow-release or control-release fertilizer preparation method for material according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in the step S3, paraffin accounts for slow
The 1-1.5% of release and release control fertilizer total weight.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112110780A (en) * | 2020-09-16 | 2020-12-22 | 衢州市柯城区农业农村局 | Fertilizer special for citrus and preparation method thereof |
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