CN112106787B - Eucalyptus inchworm pupal stage biological control method - Google Patents

Eucalyptus inchworm pupal stage biological control method Download PDF

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CN112106787B
CN112106787B CN202011090002.6A CN202011090002A CN112106787B CN 112106787 B CN112106787 B CN 112106787B CN 202011090002 A CN202011090002 A CN 202011090002A CN 112106787 B CN112106787 B CN 112106787B
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eucalyptus
metarhizium anisopliae
granules
anisopliae
looper
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CN112106787A (en
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蔡守平
曾丽琼
宋海天
何学友
林和再
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FUJIAN ACADEMY OF FORESTRY
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
    • A01N63/30—Microbial fungi; Substances produced thereby or obtained therefrom
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G13/00—Protecting plants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00—Botany in general
    • A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
    • A01N25/12—Powders or granules

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  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
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  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
  • Catching Or Destruction (AREA)

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural pest control, and particularly relates to a eucalyptus looper pupal stage biological control method, which comprises the following steps: broadcasting the metarhizium anisopliae granules in the period of pupating eucalyptus looper in the field, wherein the metarhizium anisopliae granules comprise metarhizium anisopliae spore powder and nutrient components for providing nutrition for the metarhizium anisopliae. The invention has the beneficial effects that: in the method for preventing and treating eucalyptus inchworm in the pupal stage, the destruxins of Metarrhizium anisopliae has strong pathogenicity on eucalyptus inchworm pupae and good prevention and treatment effect, and meanwhile, the destruxins of Metarrhizium anisopliae is environment-friendly, non-toxic and residue-free, and the destruxins of Metarrhizium anisopliae granules have nutrition, so that the destruxins of Metarrhizium anisopliae can be continuously proliferated in the environment, the bacteria-carrying capacity of soil is maintained, and the purpose of continuously controlling pests is achieved.

Description

Eucalyptus inchworm pupal stage biological control method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural pest control, and particularly relates to a eucalyptus looper pupal stage biological control method.
Background
Eucalyptus inchworms are the most serious leaf eating pests with the largest occurrence area and harm to fast-growing eucalyptus forests, and comprise a plurality of types of tung inchworms, hawk inchworms, dust inchworms, hook wing inchworms and the like, sometimes, several types of inchworms are mixed to occur, the eucalyptus inchworms generally occur in eucalyptus planting areas in China, parts of the areas are even hundreds of hectares and even connected to form disasters, the density of each insect mouth of each tree in serious forest stand can reach thousands of heads, the whole eucalyptus leaves are completely eaten, the photosynthesis and fast-growing high yield of trees are seriously influenced, and great economic loss is caused. In production, the method is mainly characterized in that organic phosphorus, chrysanthemum esters and other chemical agents are adopted for emergency control when forest trees generate obvious damage symptoms in the later period of inchworm outbreak, so that the problems of loss caused by difficult recovery, environmental pollution, drug resistance and the like are easily caused.
In the biological control aspect of eucalyptus looper, the research on the control of the looper is more by using the nuclear polyhedrosis virus, but the application of the virus is limited to a certain extent because the propagation of the virus needs to be carried out by using living bodies. The early-stage research proves that the metarhizium anisopliae has stronger pathogenicity on the larvae of the eucalyptus looper, but the research on the prevention and control of the pupal stage of the eucalyptus looper by using the metarhizium anisopliae is not available, so on the basis of the early-stage research, the research on the biological prevention and control of the pupal stage of the eucalyptus looper by using the metarhizium anisopliae is provided. The eucalyptus loopers pupate in the soil with the depth of 3-7 cm near the pocket, and the pupation stage is completed. The overwintering generation uses pupae to overwinter in shallow soil near the base of the tree pocket, and the activity time in the soil exceeds half a year. The metarhizium anisopliae has good host ability in soil and good control effect on various pests with soil life history. Therefore, the application of the metarhizium anisopliae to prevention and treatment of the eucalyptus looper pupa has good popularization and application values.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the invention aims to provide a method for biologically preventing and treating eucalyptus looper in a pupal stage, which is environment-friendly, non-toxic and residue-free.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: the method for biologically preventing and treating the eucalyptus looper in the pupal stage comprises the following steps: broadcasting the metarhizium anisopliae granules in the period of pupation of eucalyptus looper in eucalyptus forest, wherein the metarhizium anisopliae granules comprise metarhizium anisopliae spore powder and nutrient components for providing nutrition for the metarhizium anisopliae.
Further, in the method for biologically controlling eucalyptus inchworm in the pupal stage, the application amount of the metarhizium anisopliae granules in each mu of eucalyptus forest is 1.5-2.5kg per mu, and the spore content of the metarhizium anisopliae granules is 40-50 hundred million/g.
Further, in the method for biologically controlling eucalyptus looper in the pupal stage, the application amount of the metarhizium anisopliae granules in each mu of eucalyptus forest is 2kg per mu.
Further, in the biological control method for the pupal stage of the eucalyptus looper, the eucalyptus forest is located in the southern Fujian area, and the broadcasting of the metarhizium anisopliae granules is carried out in the last ten days of 5 months, the last ten days of 7 months and the middle ten days of 10 months.
Further, in the eucalyptus looper worm pupal stage biological control method, the metarhizium anisopliae granules are composed of the following components: metarrhizium anisopliae spore powder, testa Tritici, testa oryzae or sawdust.
Further, in the eucalyptus looper worm pupal stage biological control method, the destruxins granules are prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass:
further, in the eucalyptus looper worm pupal stage biological control method, the metarhizium anisopliae granules are composed of the following components in parts by weight: 1 part of metarhizium anisopliae spore powder, 6 parts of wheat bran and 3 parts of rice husk.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: in the method for preventing and controlling the eucalyptus looper in the pupal stage, the metarhizium anisopliae is environment-friendly, non-toxic and free of residues, and the metarhizium anisopliae granules contain nutrient components, so that the metarhizium anisopliae can be continuously proliferated in the environment, the bacteria-carrying capacity of the soil can be maintained, and the purpose of continuously controlling the population number of pests can be achieved. Furthermore, the inchworm pupates on the surface layer of the soil, and the bacteria are applied before the pupation period, so that the inchworm can contact with the thalli when pupating in the lower ground, thereby achieving the effect of prevention and treatment. The invention performs bacterium application according to the pest occurrence rule, and has definite control targeting.
Detailed Description
In order to explain the technical content, the objects and the effects of the present invention in detail, the following description will be given with reference to the embodiments.
The most key concept of the invention is as follows: the method utilizes the good lodging capability of the metarhizium anisopliae in the soil and the characteristic of good pathogenicity to the inchworm, applies the metarhizium anisopliae to the key time node of the damage of the eucalyptus inchworm, performs biological control, and obtains the effect of continuous control.
Example 1
A method for biologically preventing and treating eucalyptus looper in a pupal stage comprises the following steps:
in late 5 month, late 7 month and middle 10 month (southern Fujian area), the green muscardine fungus granules with the spore content of 40-50 hundred million/g are respectively broadcast in eucalyptus forest stand, and the application amount per mu is 2kg per mu.
The metarhizium anisopliae granules contain nutritional ingredients such as wheat bran, and the metarhizium anisopliae can continuously provide nutrition for the metarhizium anisopliae in the process of standing in soil, and provide nutrition for the population amplification and the maintenance of the bacteria-carrying quantity of the soil.
The metarhizium anisopliae granules are prepared by performing solid fermentation by taking wheat bran as a main culture medium, each gram of the metarhizium anisopliae granules contains 40-50 hundred million of metarhizium anisopliae spores, and the preparation of the metarhizium anisopliae granules can be as follows: 1 part of metarhizium anisopliae spore powder, 6 parts of wheat bran, 3 parts of chaff or sawdust (by weight), 5 parts of water are added, the mixture is uniformly mixed and placed in an autoclave for sterilization for 1 hour, then the mixture is cooled, metarhizium anisopliae liquid fermentation liquor is added under the aseptic condition after the cooling, the mixture is placed in a constant temperature incubator at 25 ℃ for solid fermentation for 15 days, and after the solid fermentation is carried out at low temperature, the mixture is crushed to obtain granules with the content of 40-50 hundred million spores/gram.
When the granules are applied to soil, the metarhizium anisopliae spores can play a strong role in causing diseases to pupae of eucalyptus looper in the soil, the eclosion rate of the pupae is remarkably reduced, and the control effect can reach more than 85%. Meanwhile, the metarhizium anisopliae spores can be stored in soil for a long time, and the effect of continuously controlling pests is achieved. Meanwhile, the green muscardine fungus also contains nutrient particles such as wheat bran and the like during solid fermentation, and the green muscardine fungus can form self propagation in soil by utilizing the nutrient substances, so that the bacteria-carrying amount of the soil is maintained, and the aim of continuous control is fulfilled.
In the late 5 th month, the early 7 th month and the middle 10 th month (in southern Fujian regions), the 1 st, 2 nd and 3 rd generations of mature larvae of eucalyptus inchworm are subjected to pupation in the field, and the application of the strain in the field can ensure that pests directly contact with the spores of the Metarrhizium anisopliae in the field process, thereby achieving good killing effect.
The bacterium application method comprises the following steps: the green muscardine fungus granules can be directly broadcast, or the green muscardine fungus granules can be prepared by the following steps: the fine soil (sieved by a 20-mesh sieve) is uniformly mixed according to the proportion of 1:50 and then is scattered in the forest.
The invention has the following advantages: the metarhizium anisopliae can be stored in soil for a long time, the inchworm pupates on the surface layer of the soil, and meanwhile, the fungus is applied according to the pest occurrence rule, so that the control targeting is clear. The green muscardine fungus is environment-friendly, nontoxic and residue-free, and the granules contain nutrition, can realize continuous proliferation of the green muscardine fungus in the environment, maintain the bacteria-carrying amount of the soil, and achieve the purpose of continuously controlling the population number of pests.
The data of the application test of the eucalyptus inchworm pupal stage biological control method of the above embodiment are shown in table 1 below, where table 1 shows the control data of the eucalyptus forest in the southern area in late 5 months using the eucalyptus inchworm pupal stage biological control method of the above embodiment 1.
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0002721788980000041
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent modifications made by the present invention in the specification or directly or indirectly applied to the related technical field are included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. A eucalyptus looper pupal stage biological control method is characterized by comprising the following steps: broadcasting metarhizium anisopliae granules in the period of pupation of eucalyptus looper in eucalyptus forest, wherein the metarhizium anisopliae granules comprise metarhizium anisopliae spore powder and nutrient components for providing nutrition for the metarhizium anisopliae;
the metarhizium anisopliae granules comprise the following components: metarrhizium anisopliae spore powder, wheat bran and sawdust; or the metarhizium anisopliae granules consist of the following components: metarrhizium anisopliae spore powder, wheat bran and rice husk;
the eucalyptus forest is located in the southern Fujian area, and the broadcasting application time of the Metarrhizium anisopliae granules is 5 Laetime, 7 Laetime and 10 Laetime.
2. The method for biologically controlling eucalyptus looper in pupal stage according to claim 1, wherein the application amount of the metarhizium anisopliae granules per mu of eucalyptus forest is 1.5-2.5kg per mu, and the spore content of the metarhizium anisopliae granules is 40-50 hundred million/g.
3. The method for biocontrol of Eucalyptus inchworm in pupal stage according to claim 1, wherein the application amount of the metarhizium anisopliae granules per mu of eucalyptus forest is 2kg per mu.
4. The method for biologically controlling eucalyptus looper in pupal stage according to claim 1, wherein the metarhizium anisopliae granules are composed of the following components in parts by weight: 1 part of metarhizium anisopliae spore powder, 6 parts of wheat bran and 3 parts of rice husk.
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