CN112087944A - 用于从固体废物中吸收液体、气味和水分的卫生颗粒,其制备方法和用途 - Google Patents
用于从固体废物中吸收液体、气味和水分的卫生颗粒,其制备方法和用途 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种具有高吸收特性的颗粒材料,其可用于吸收来自固体废物的液体和水分,所述颗粒通过加工天然原料例如木薯块和甘蔗渣而获得。其具有高的性能以及高的吸收和中和气味的能力,并且废物被保留在易于处理的稳定的颗粒材料中。它是无毒的,由可再生材料制成,并且对动物或处理它的人的健康无害。它实用、卫生并且操作方便。所得颗粒可作为宠物使用的“猫砂”。还描述了制备该颗粒材料的方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种颗粒,由于其从固体废物中吸收液体和/或水分的高能力,其可以用作“猫用卫生颗粒”。还描述了一种生产所述颗粒的方法,所述颗粒通过在添加水的情况下加工植物纤维,木薯块(来自工业加工的残渣)与甘蔗渣的混合物而获得。
现有技术的描述
使用卫生颗粒的动物主人寻求获得易于处理、质量轻、实用、中和气味、形成不溶解团块、持久、在处理时不产生粉尘并且不破坏生态平衡的产品。所述卫生颗粒除了中和气味和完全满足上述要求之外,还必须实现从固体废物吸收液体和水分的功能。
市场上有多种这样的产品,这些产品由矿物颗粒(粘土、膨润土、海泡石、硅石)、木材和加工的谷物制成。然而,这些材料存在一些缺点,包括以下:粘土颗粒产生大量粉尘、中和气味的效率低,并且密度高(它们非常重);加工的谷物颗粒具有低的耐久性并且形成易于溶解的团块,此外,它们的原料可以用作人类食品;硅石颗粒不会凝结,需要在短时间间隔(7-10天)内更换猫砂托盘内的全部内容物,从而导致显著的浪费。
另外,在所有上述实例中,除了原料不可再生的事实之外,吸入灰尘或意外摄入这些颗粒可能对动物的健康非常有害。
因此,仍然需要提供一种产品,该产品中和气味、不产生灰尘、质量轻、形成不溶解的固体块、来自可再生来源并且其原料不是人类食物的来源。
考虑到消费者描述的技术问题,已经开发了一种理想的组合物,其由木薯块(食品工业的副产物)、甘蔗渣、矿物质和水的混合物组成。所得颗粒能够满足消费者对卫生、实用、中和气味、质量轻、结块牢固和不破坏生态平衡的需求。
此外,由于在其简单的组成中基本上使用甘蔗渣和木薯块这两种来自农业工业的不能用于人类食物的残渣,因此在此描述的颗粒与目前市场上的那些相比具有积极的环境影响。此外,由于其使用100%的可再生原料,该产品是满足以下两个要求的唯一产品:(i)不使用人类食物来源;和(ii)以100%可再生成分作为其基础。
本发明的目的
第一个目的是提供一种由可再生原料制成的颗粒,其具有高的吸收液体的能力、无毒且中和气味,并且可用作家养动物、尤其是猫的卫生颗粒。
第二个目的是描述所述颗粒的生产方法。
第三个目的是描述该产品作为卫生颗粒、特别是猫用卫生颗粒的用途。
发明内容
第一个目的通过用于从固体废物中吸收液体和水分的颗粒实现,所述颗粒包含纤维糠、植物纤维(甘蔗渣)、水和矿物质。
第二个目的通过用于从固体废物中吸收液体和水分的颗粒的制备方法实现,该方法包括以下步骤:
a)获得纤维糠源;
b)通过制粒和干燥获得并加工甘蔗渣;
c)制备纤维糠源、甘蔗渣和水的混合物;
d)挤出(c)中获得的混合物;
e)冷却(d)的挤出产物;
f)研磨步骤(e)中获得的颗粒;
g)将(f)中研磨的颗粒过筛并分级;
h)任选地,加入天然香料;以及
i)包装(h)中获得的产物。
第三个目的通过使用颗粒作为家养动物的卫生颗粒来实现。
附图概述
图1:在模拟单次尿液量后凝结的本发明的颗粒的图示说明。
图2:卫生颗粒生产工艺的完整流程图。
发明详述
在一种实施方式中,颗粒包含(相对于颗粒总重量的重量百分比):
·60-94%的纤维糠;
·3-28%的甘蔗渣;
·至多17%的水;以及
·低于10%的矿物质。
在一个优选的实施方式中,纤维糠是从木薯块,更具体地说,是从木薯加工的干固体残渣获得的淀粉。
木薯的加工是由食品工业实现的,在洗涤和去皮后,进行木薯的加工,这样获得的原料可用于,例如,木薯粉和淀粉(用于人类食物的产品)的生产。作为这种加工的结果,获得了具有低淀粉含量的液体,这是食品工业不需要的。这种淀粉含量低的副产物经过干燥加工,产生用作本文所述卫生颗粒的原料的残渣。
所述木薯加工产生的干固体残渣传统上用于制备饲料和用作“采矿面粉”,但市场上仍然存在未使用的过剩部分需要处理。本文描述的颗粒能够吸收一部分这些过剩的残渣,并因此减少这种环境问题。
在一种实施方式中,所述来自木薯加工的干固体残渣含有6%至10%的纤维。
一般而言,在本发明的颗粒中发现的矿物质来自木薯的加工。这些矿物质的百分比可以根据土壤的特性、所用的肥料和木薯种植地的气候而变化。然而,这些指数通常不高于颗粒总重量的总共10重量%。
在一个优选的实施方式中,颗粒组合物中存在的矿物质选自但不限于钙、镁、钾、铁、磷及其混合物。
此外,灰烬和脂肪可以作为附加组分加入到配方中。
在一个优选的实施方式中,灰烬和脂肪以如下浓度加入:
·至多2%的灰烬;以及
·至多3.5%的脂肪。
在一个优选的实施方式中,颗粒的颗粒尺寸在0.20-4.00mm之间。
颗粒的密度是使产品重量与所吸收的体积的比率达到最佳的值,其中不形成粉尘,并且凝结物尽可能地在最表面。
在一个优选的实施方式中,颗粒的密度为200-350g/l(0.20-0.35g/ml)。
本文所述的颗粒具有一些源自其组成的天然特征,即:
·吸收容量大,性能高;
·在与产品接触之后,保留气味;
·凝聚所吸收液体的容量高;以及
·无毒,因此如果被摄入不会对健康造成危害。
·不添加化学产品
·产品质量轻
·0.01%粉尘排放。
考虑到所获得的特性,本文所述的产品可用作家养动物使用的“卫生颗粒”。
此外,所述颗粒对动物或处理它的人的健康无害,因为它不含有毒成分。由于它不产生粉尘,所以它也是实用和卫生的。此外,该颗粒具有形成牢固的凝结物(结块)和易于处理的特性,其粒度以不含粉尘并且具有最佳产率的方式确立。对于4kg的成年猫,仅1.3kg就足以持续大约30天,这与用于相同时间的3kg包装的基于谷类的产品和平均需要4kg持续30天的粘土产品不同。
获得颗粒的方法包括以下步骤:
a)获得纤维糠源;
b)通过制粒和干燥获得并加工甘蔗渣;
c)制备纤维糠源、甘蔗渣和水的混合物;
d)挤出(c)中获得的混合物;
e)冷却(d)的挤出产物;
f)研磨步骤(e)中获得的颗粒;
g)将(f)中研磨的颗粒过筛并分级;
h)任选地,加入天然香料;以及
i)包装(h)中获得的产物。
在一个优选的实施方式中,纤维糠是从木薯块,更具体地说,是从木薯加工的干固体残渣获得的淀粉。
木薯的加工是由食品工业实现的,在洗涤和去皮后,进行木薯的加工,这样获得的原料可用于,例如,木薯粉和淀粉(用于人类食物的产品)的生产。作为这种加工的结果,获得了具有低淀粉含量的液体,这是食品工业不需要的。这种淀粉含量低的副产物经过干燥加工,产生用作本文所述卫生颗粒的原料的残渣。
所述木薯加工产生的干固体残渣传统上用于制备饲料和用作“采矿面粉”,但市场上仍然存在未使用的过剩部分需要处理。本文描述的颗粒能够吸收一部分这些过剩的残渣,并因此减少这种环境问题。
在一种实施方式中,所述来自木薯加工的干固体残渣含有6%至10%的纤维。
在一个优选的实施方式中,颗粒的颗粒尺寸在0.20-4.00mm之间。
颗粒的密度是使产品重量与所吸收的体积的比率达到最佳的值,其中不形成粉尘,并且凝结物尽可能地在最表面。
在一个优选的实施方式中,颗粒的密度为200-350g/l(0.20-0.35g/ml)。
在一种实施方式中,挤出工艺在130℃的温度下开始。
在一种实施方式中,挤出工艺的操作时间为至多2分钟。
与常规挤出方法不同,所得产物不进行热源(例如锅炉)干燥,而是直接送至控制在环境温度下的冷却步骤,其中通过由温度的急剧变化(从160至200℃变化至环境温度)引起的闪蒸而获得部分干燥。残留水分控制在最大值为17%,其在激活产品的“结块”(凝结)作用中起重要作用。
应当指出,通过免除通常对所有挤出产品均要进行的常规干燥以及随之而来的某些形式的燃料的燃烧,这里描述的方法增加了另一个重要的环境优点。
在一个优选的实施方式中,由于需要暴露由挤出获得的颗粒内部的多孔空腔,因此进行研磨以便更好地吸收液体。
在这种情况下,使通过挤出获得的产品“透气”的效果是,它产生了沉积液体废物的空腔。同时,当该液体被释放并且水分超过其控制值时,其激活通过挤出被胶凝化的淀粉,引起所期望的凝结。
在一个任选的实施方式中,可将天然香料加入到颗粒中以便赋予其令人愉快的气味。所述芳香剂可以选自但不限于柠檬草和/或椰子香料,或适用于所述颗粒的任何其它香料。
事实上,与大多数现有产品所寻求的不同,所发生的不是简单的吸收过程,而是尿液和固体废物的气味的有效“包封”。另一个主要的区别在于处理液体所需的产品量,对于本发明的颗粒,所需产品的重量比目前市场上的产品小2-3倍。这使得例如1.3kg的包装能够满足1只猫长达30天的需要。
测试
试验产品的配方
·本发明的颗粒=基于木薯块和甘蔗渣的产品
·世界最佳猫砂(World’s Best Cat Litter)=基于玉米的产品
·泰迪猫砂(Tidy Cats)=矿物基产品-膨润土
在实验室中对本发明的颗粒进行测试以更好地表征产品,所述测试评价了吸收、凝结时间、凝结、质量体积比、半挥发性和挥发性物质的分析、粉尘百分比和纤维显微镜检查。这些测试由SGS Integrated Paper Services Inc完成。
为了易于参考,用于测试的本发明的颗粒具有以下组成:
·87%的纤维状木薯糠;
·3%的甘蔗渣;以及
·10%的水。
1.吸收试验
使本发明的颗粒在50±2%相对湿度和73±℃下适应24小时。将颗粒在环境温度下浸泡在0.9%氯化钠溶液中15分钟,然后在0.60mm的筛上沥干一分钟。然后称重颗粒的质量。计算吸收的溶液量和每克的吸收量。每克本发明的颗粒吸收的氯化钠的平均克数为8.04克。所得结果示于下表1中。
表1-吸收:本发明的颗粒
2.凝结时间测试
使用30毫升0.9%氯化钠水溶液模拟单次量的猫尿。将该溶液倒入具有70mm深的颗粒层的本发明颗粒的容器中。10分钟后,形成的凝结物能够从容器中除去而不碎裂。在测试的5个样品中重现了这一结果。
3.凝结试验(紧密结块)
使用30毫升0.9%氯化钠水溶液模拟单次量的猫尿。将该溶液倒入具有70mm深的颗粒层的本发明颗粒的容器中。1小时后,测量形成的凝结物为约50mm×50mm(图1)。可以在不破裂的情况下除去和处理凝结物。
4.质量/体积测试
通过称重0.25升产品来测定四种产品的质量/体积。每个样品重复五次。在测试的单位体积下,本发明的颗粒是最轻的。得到的结果示于下表2至5中。
表2-每单位体积的质量(形成结块时的产品克数/ml)卫生颗粒-泰迪猫砂粘土(Tidy Cats Clay)
样品鉴定 | 重复测试 | 样品体积(ml) | 样品重量(g) | 克/毫升 |
00193-18-001 | 1 | 250 | 188.78 | 0.76 |
2 | 250 | 191.00 | 0.76 | |
3 | 250 | 190.17 | 0.76 | |
4 | 250 | 193.13 | 0.77 | |
5 | 250 | 192.98 | 0.77 | |
均值 | 0.76 | |||
标准偏差 | 0.01 |
表3-每单位体积的质量(形成结块时的产品克数/ml)卫生颗粒-轻质泰迪猫砂粘土(Tidy Cats Lightweight)
样品鉴定 | 重复测试 | 样品体积(ml) | 样品重量(g) | 克/毫升 |
00193-18-002 | 1 | 250 | 99.70 | 0.40 |
2 | 250 | 97.37 | 0.39 | |
3 | 250 | 102.53 | 0.41 | |
4 | 250 | 102.51 | 0.41 | |
5 | 250 | 100.97 | 0.40 | |
均值 | 0.40 | |||
标准偏差 | 0.01 |
表4-每单位体积的质量(形成结块时的产品克数/ml)卫生颗粒-世界最佳猫砂(World’s Best Cat Litter)
样品鉴定 | 重复测试 | 样品体积(ml) | 样品重量(g) | 克/毫升 |
00193-18-003 | 1 | 250 | 140.82 | 0.56 |
2 | 250 | 142.47 | 0.57 | |
3 | 250 | 146.08 | 0.58 | |
4 | 250 | 146.30 | 0.59 | |
5 | 250 | 139.14 | 0.56 | |
均值 | 0.57 | |||
标准偏差 | 0.01 |
表5-每单位体积的质量(形成结块时的产品克数/ml)卫生颗粒-本发明的颗粒
样品鉴定 | 重复测试 | 样品体积(ml) | 样品重量(g) | 克/毫升 |
00193-18-004 | 1 | 250 | 70.57 | 0.28 |
2 | 250 | 74.45 | 0.30 | |
3 | 250 | 72.06 | 0.29 | |
4 | 250 | 72.76 | 0.29 | |
5 | 250 | 74.01 | 0.30 | |
均值 | 0.29 | |||
标准偏差 | 0.01 |
5.半挥发物的气相色谱和质谱(GC/MS)分析
称量约0.5克样品并放入20ml烧瓶中。加入五毫升二氯甲烷以覆盖样品。将空白和未知样品搅拌2分钟并置于超声浴中20分钟。超声处理后,用10μL4000μg/mL的内标溶液强化1mL等分试样。在样品中没有检测到半挥发性化合物。GC-MS的分析条件如表6所示。检测的化合物如表7所示。
表6-GC/MS分析的分析条件
表7-通过GC/MS分析半挥发物
客户样品鉴定 | 8270d/所检测的半挥发性成分 |
本发明的颗粒 | 无 |
6.通过静态顶空分析挥发物
称量大约0.5克样品(精确到0.01克)置于22ml顶空烧瓶中,并密封。空白和样品用10μL内标和替代溶液(IS/SS)强化。GC-MS的分析条件如表8所示。检测的化合物如表9所示。
表8-GC/MS分析的分析条件
表9-GC/MS分析结果:挥发物/8260b
样品鉴定 | 成分 | 估计浓度(ppm) |
本发明的颗粒 | 丙酮 | 1.03 |
本发明的颗粒 | 乙酸甲酯 | 1.37 |
通过将标准浓度的面积与未知化合物的峰面积比较来计算估计值。在样品中发现了残留量的丙酮和乙酸甲酯。这些化合物是常用的溶剂。
7.粉尘百分比
通过将一袋猫砂置于真空密封系统中来计算粉尘百分比。称重在真空过滤器中收集的粉尘颗粒的量并与猫砂的初始重量进行比较。经计算,本发明的颗粒为99.99%不含粉尘。所得结果示于下表10中。
表10-本发明的累积粉尘百分比
已经描述了优选实施例的例子,必须理解,本发明的范围包括其它可能的变化,该范围仅由所附权利要求的内容限制,其中包括可能的等同物。
Claims (13)
1.一种用于从固体废物中吸收液体、气味和水分的颗粒,其特征在于,所述颗粒包含纤维糠、甘蔗渣纤维、水和矿物质。
2.根据权利要求1所述的颗粒,其特征在于,所述颗粒包含60-94%的淀粉、3-28%的甘蔗渣纤维、至多17%的水和低于10%的矿物质。
3.根据权利要求1所述的颗粒,其特征在于,纤维糠是从加工过的木薯的干固体残渣得到的淀粉。
4.根据权利要求3所述的颗粒,其特征在于,来自加工过的木薯的干固体残渣含有6%-10%的纤维。
5.根据权利要求1所述的颗粒,其特征在于,所述矿物质选自但不限于钙、镁、钾、铁、磷及其混合物。
6.根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的颗粒,其特征在于,其尺寸在0.20-4.0mm之间。
7.根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的颗粒,其特征在于其具有200-350g/l的密度。
8.根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述的用于吸收固体废物中的液体、气味和水分的颗粒的制备方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括以下步骤:
a)获得纤维糠源;
b)通过制粒和干燥获得并加工甘蔗渣;
c)制备纤维糠源、甘蔗渣和水的混合物;
d)挤出(c)中获得的混合物;
e)冷却(d)的挤出产物;
f)研磨步骤(e)中获得的颗粒;
g)将(f)中研磨的颗粒过筛并分级;
h)任选地,加入天然香料;以及
i)包装(h)中获得的产物。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其特征在于,所述挤出工艺在130℃的温度下开始,并且持续时间为至多2分钟。
10.根据权利要求8或9中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述挤出的产品不通过热源进行干燥。
11.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其特征在于,通过闪蒸进行部分干燥。
12.权利要求1-7中任一项所述的颗粒的用途,其特征在于所述颗粒是用于家养动物的卫生颗粒。
13.特征在于由本专利申请中最初揭示的主题所涵盖的产品、方法或用途的任何实现形式或权利要求类别的本发明。
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US5664523A (en) * | 1994-06-09 | 1997-09-09 | Sanyo Chemical Industries, Ltd. | Materials for the treatment of pet excretions |
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US20110315088A1 (en) * | 2010-06-23 | 2011-12-29 | Kadant Grantek Inc. | Horse Bedding System |
CN105813454A (zh) * | 2013-12-26 | 2016-07-27 | 派帕丽特株式会社 | 排泄物处理材料及其制造方法 |
US20170002185A1 (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2017-01-05 | BiologiQ, Inc. | Articles Formed with Biodegradable Materials |
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BR112020018043A2 (pt) | 2020-12-22 |
EP3763203A4 (en) | 2022-01-05 |
EP3763203A1 (en) | 2021-01-13 |
US20200404881A1 (en) | 2020-12-31 |
WO2019169461A1 (pt) | 2019-09-12 |
BR102018004568A2 (pt) | 2019-09-17 |
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