CN1120848A - 聚氨酯泡沫塑料 - Google Patents
聚氨酯泡沫塑料 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1120848A CN1120848A CN94191752A CN94191752A CN1120848A CN 1120848 A CN1120848 A CN 1120848A CN 94191752 A CN94191752 A CN 94191752A CN 94191752 A CN94191752 A CN 94191752A CN 1120848 A CN1120848 A CN 1120848A
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- oxyethylene
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- 229920005830 Polyurethane Foam Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- 239000011496 polyurethane foam Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 125000006353 oxyethylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 22
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- 239000005056 polyisocyanate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-Diphenylmethane Diisocyanate Chemical compound C1=CC(N=C=O)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1 UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 4
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- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 4
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- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethanolamine Chemical compound OCCNCCO ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 3
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 3
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L [dibutyl(dodecanoyloxy)stannyl] dodecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[Sn](CCCC)(CCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- SZXQTJUDPRGNJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropylene glycol Chemical compound OCCCOCCCO SZXQTJUDPRGNJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000005702 oxyalkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 159000000001 potassium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene 2,4-diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1N=C=O DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RRQYJINTUHWNHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethoxy-2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethane Chemical compound CCOCCOCCOCC RRQYJINTUHWNHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTBFRGCFXZNCOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylsulfonylpiperidin-4-one Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)N1CCC(=O)CC1 RTBFRGCFXZNCOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OBETXYAYXDNJHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Ethylhexanoic acid Chemical class CCCCC(CC)C(O)=O OBETXYAYXDNJHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LCZVSXRMYJUNFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(2-hydroxypropoxy)propoxy]propan-1-ol Chemical compound CC(O)COC(C)COC(C)CO LCZVSXRMYJUNFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium acetate Chemical compound [Na+].CC([O-])=O VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- 150000001242 acetic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001361 adipic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011037 adipic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- HIFVAOIJYDXIJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzylbenzene;isocyanic acid Chemical class N=C=O.N=C=O.C=1C=CC=CC=1CC1=CC=CC=C1 HIFVAOIJYDXIJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- CDQSJQSWAWPGKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,1-diol Chemical compound CCCC(O)O CDQSJQSWAWPGKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N butanedioic acid Chemical compound O[14C](=O)CC[14C](O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N 0.000 description 1
- VPKDCDLSJZCGKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbodiimide group Chemical group N=C=N VPKDCDLSJZCGKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001718 carbodiimides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012975 dibutyltin dilaurate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960004132 diethyl ether Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000013870 dimethyl polysiloxane Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002845 discoloration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004872 foam stabilizing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011256 inorganic filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003475 inorganic filler Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005474 octanoate group Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019645 odor Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012766 organic filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000435 poly(dimethylsiloxane) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZUFQCVZBBNZMKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium 2-ethylhexanoate Chemical compound [K+].CCCCC(CC)C([O-])=O ZUFQCVZBBNZMKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- AARQKYYCCDQHEW-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium;2-ethoxyacetate Chemical compound [K+].CCOCC([O-])=O AARQKYYCCDQHEW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BLGUIMKBRCQORR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium;hexanoate Chemical compound [K+].CCCCCC([O-])=O BLGUIMKBRCQORR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001632 sodium acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000017281 sodium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- GYMRDVXSOQVBSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;2-ethoxyacetate Chemical compound [Na+].CCOCC([O-])=O GYMRDVXSOQVBSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002076 thermal analysis method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003606 tin compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/08—Processes
- C08G18/16—Catalysts
- C08G18/22—Catalysts containing metal compounds
- C08G18/225—Catalysts containing metal compounds of alkali or alkaline earth metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/409—Dispersions of polymers of C08G in organic compounds having active hydrogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/48—Polyethers
- C08G18/4804—Two or more polyethers of different physical or chemical nature
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/48—Polyethers
- C08G18/4833—Polyethers containing oxyethylene units
- C08G18/4837—Polyethers containing oxyethylene units and other oxyalkylene units
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/63—Block or graft polymers obtained by polymerising compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds on to polymers
- C08G18/632—Block or graft polymers obtained by polymerising compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds on to polymers onto polyethers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/70—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the isocyanates or isothiocyanates used
- C08G18/72—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates
- C08G18/74—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic
- C08G18/76—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic
- C08G18/7657—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic containing two or more aromatic rings
- C08G18/7664—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic containing two or more aromatic rings containing alkylene polyphenyl groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
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- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
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- C08G18/72—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates
- C08G18/77—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates having heteroatoms in addition to the isocyanate or isothiocyanate nitrogen and oxygen or sulfur
- C08G18/78—Nitrogen
- C08G18/79—Nitrogen characterised by the polyisocyanates used, these having groups formed by oligomerisation of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/797—Nitrogen characterised by the polyisocyanates used, these having groups formed by oligomerisation of isocyanates or isothiocyanates containing carbodiimide and/or uretone-imine groups
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2110/00—Foam properties
- C08G2110/0008—Foam properties flexible
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2110/00—Foam properties
- C08G2110/0041—Foam properties having specified density
- C08G2110/005—< 50kg/m3
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2110/00—Foam properties
- C08G2110/0083—Foam properties prepared using water as the sole blowing agent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2350/00—Acoustic or vibration damping material
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Polyurethanes Or Polyureas (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
Abstract
一种制备软质聚氨酯泡沫塑料的方法,该方法是使多异氰酸酯与多元醇组合物和水反应,所述多异氰酸酯含有至少85%(重量)4,4′-二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯或其液态变体,所述多元醇组合物含有至少一种聚(氧乙烯-氧化烯)多醇,该组合物的平均名义羟基官能度为2.5-6,数均羟基当量重量为1000-3000,平均氧乙烯含量为25%(重量)至小于50%(重量)。
Description
通过使有机多异氰酸酯(如甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)或二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI))与聚醚多醇及发泡剂反应制备软质聚氨酯泡沫塑料的方法是人们所公认的。聚醚多醇通常是由氧丙烯生成的聚氧丙烯多醇或由氧丙烯或氧乙烯的各种组合物生成的聚(氧丙烯-氧乙烯)多醇。其中氧乙烯基占氧化烯基总量的一少部分的氧乙烯封端的聚氧丙烯多醇因其与异氰酸酯的反应性提高而特别重要。
具有较高氧乙烯含量(例如50%(重量)或更高)的多元醇通常用作辅助添加剂以保证泡沫塑料具有开孔结构。
现已发现,如果使用基本上纯的4,4′-MDI或其液态衍生物作为多异氰酸酯,可由含有具有中等氧乙烯含量的多元醇组合物的配方制得具有有用性能的软质泡沫塑料。
因此,本发明提供了一种通过使多异氰酸酯与多元醇组合物和水反应制备软质聚氨酯泡沫塑料的方法,所述多异氰酸酯含有至少85%(重量)、优选至少90%(重量)、更优选至少95%(重量)4,4′-二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯或其液态变体,所述多元醇组合物含有至少一种聚(氧乙烯-氧化烯)多醇,平均名义羟基官能度为2.5-6、优选2.5-3,数均羟基当量重量为1000-3000,平均氧乙烯含量为25%至小于50%(重量)、优选40%至小于50%(重量)。
本发明方法所用的多异氰酸酯组分可基本上由纯的4,4′-二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯或该异氰酸酯与一种或多种其它有机多异氰酸酯、特别是其它二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯异构体(如2,4′-异构体任选地与2,2′-异构体联用)的混合物组成。多异氰酸酯组分还可以是由含有至少85%(重量)4,4′-二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯的多异氰酸酯组合物衍生得到的MDI变体。MDI变体是本领域众所周知的,对于按照本发明的应用,还特别包括通过将uretonimine和/或碳化二亚胺基团引入所述多异氰酸酯组合物(如含有至多30%(重量)uretonimine和/或碳化二亚胺修饰的4,4′-MDI)和/或使这种组合物与一种或多种多元醇反应得到的液体(室温)产物。
多元醇组合物中的多元醇是本领域已知的,可以按常规方法通过使氧乙烯和另一种氧化烯(优选氧丙烯)同时和/或按任何顺序依次与诸如水、多元醇、羟胺、多胺等具有2-6(优选2-3)个活性氢原子的引发剂反应而得到。优选的引发剂是乙二醇、二甘醇、丙二醇、双丙甘醇、甘油、三羟甲基丙烷、乙醇胺、二乙醇胺和三乙醇胺。
或者,多元醇组合物可含有两种或更多种聚氧化烯多醇的组合物以便使整个组合物具有所需的平均官能度、当量重量和氧乙烯含量。这种混合物中的聚氧化烯多醇优选为聚(氧乙烯-氧丙烯)多醇,但也可含有一种或多种聚氧乙烯多醇和/或聚氧丙烯多醇。
就数均羟基当量重量为1000-3000的聚醚多醇而言,优选的多元醇组合物由下述组分组成:
(a)50-100%(重量)含氧乙烯基的聚氧化烯多醇,所述多元醇组分的平均名义羟基官能度为2-6、优选2-3,数均羟基当量重量为1000-3000,平均氧乙烯含量为25%(重量)至小于50%(重量),和
(b)50-0%(重量)一种或多种其它多元醇,所述多元醇的平均名义官能度为2-6、优选2-3,数均当量重量为1000-3000,氧乙烯含量小于25%(重量)、优选为10%(重量)至小于25%(重量)或者50%(重量)或更多、优选50-85%(重量);该多元醇组合物的羟基官能度、当量重量和氧乙烯含量如上所述。
这里所用的术语“平均名义羟基官能度”是指在假定多元醇组合物中所含的聚氧化烯多醇的平均官能度与制备所述多元醇时所用的引发剂的平均官能度(每个分子中的活性氢原子数)相同的条件下多元醇组合物的平均官能度(每个分子的羟基数),但实际上由于某些末端不饱和的情况,前者常常在某种程度上小于后者。
如果需要,多元醇组合物可含有分散的聚合物颗粒。这类聚合物改性的多元醇已在先有技术中详细描述,它们包括通过一种或多种乙烯基单体(例如丙烯腈和苯乙烯)在聚氧化烯多醇中原位聚合或通过使多异氰酸酯和氨基或羟基官能化合物(例如三乙醇胺)在聚氧化烯多醇中原位反应得到的产物。
本发明方法优选的发泡剂是水,且可任选地与物理发泡剂(如低沸点有机含氟化合物)结合使用。可用已知方法改变发泡剂的用量以便达到所要求的泡沫塑料密度。适宜的水量例如是多元醇组合物重量的0.25-20%,优选2-15%。优选仅用水作发泡剂。包括多元醇组合物、水和任何其它异氰酸酯反应性物质(例如扩链剂或交联剂)在内的反应体系的异氰酸酯指数可以是10-120,优选40-110。软质泡沫塑料的自由起发密度可以是15-100kg/m3,优选20-80kg/m3。
发泡反应混合物可含有一种或多种用于制备软质泡沫塑料的添加剂。这类添加剂包括催化剂(如叔胺、锡化合物,优选碱金属或碱土金属羧酸盐,特别是羧酸钾)、表面活性剂和泡沫稳定剂(如硅氧烷-氧化烯共聚物)、扩链剂(如分子量为200-1000的低分子量二醇类,如乙二醇、丁二醇、二甘醇和聚乙二醇)、交联剂(如甘油、三羟甲基丙烷、二乙醇胺和三乙醇胺)、阻燃剂、有机和无机填料、颜料、用于抑制所谓沸泡(boiling-foam)效应的试剂(如聚二甲基硅氧烷)和内脱模剂。相对于100重量份数均羟基当量重量为1000-3000的聚醚多醇,扩链剂和/或交联剂的用量优选为2重量份或更少,更优选为1重量份或更少。
优选的羧酸盐催化剂可以选自具有1-10个碳原子的脂族羧酸盐,如乙酸盐、己酸盐、2-乙基己酸盐和辛酸盐。
羧酸盐还可以选自下式所示的羧酸盐:
R-E-A-COO-其中,
R为X-R1-(OR2)n-,其中X为CH3-或OH-,R1为具有1-8、优选1-4个碳原子的烃双基,R2为具有2-4、优选2或3个碳原子的双基,n为0-10,优选0-5。
某些这类催化剂及其制备方法是已知的,例如参见EP 2941 61和EP 220697。
R1可以选自A的定义中提及的烃双基和由例如丁烷、戊烷、己烷和辛烷上去掉两个氢原子所得的基团。最优选的R1基为亚甲基、亚乙基、1,3-亚丙基、1,4-亚丁基和1,2-亚丙基。
R2可以选自亚乙基、1,3-亚丙基、1,4-亚丁基、乙基亚乙基和1,2-亚丙基。最优选的基团是亚乙基和亚丙基。
催化剂的实例有乙酸钠、乙酸钾、己酸钾、2-乙基己酸钾、乙氧基乙酸钾、乙氧基乙酸钠,马来酸与下列化合物的半酯的钾盐:乙氧基乙烷、乙氧基乙氧基乙烷、乙二醇、二甘醇、三甘醇、四甘醇、丙二醇、双丙甘醇、三丙甘醇、甲醇、乙醇、丙醇或丁醇,以及这类含羟基化合物与下列化合物的半酯的钾盐:丙二酸、丁二酸、戊二酸、己二酸或富马酸。
通过使用这种特殊类型的催化剂而不是常规的含叔胺催化剂,泡沫塑料不易发生因与添加剂(如抗氧剂)发生副反应而导致的色变、不易产生令人不快的气味、更易于回用且不易发生结雾。
相对于100重量份反应物,羧酸盐的用量为O.1-5重量份,优选0.2-3重量份。
因此,本发明的另一方面涉及一个反应体系,该体系包括:
(ⅰ)含有至少85%(重量)4,4′-二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯或其液态变体的多异氰酸酯;
(ⅱ)含有至少一种聚(氧乙烯-氧化烯)多醇的多元醇组合物,该组合物的平均名义羟基官能度为2-6,数均羟基当量重量为1000-3000,平均氧乙烯含量为25%(重量)至小于50%(重量);
(ⅲ)包含水的发泡剂;和任选的
(ⅳ)一种或多种用于软质泡沫塑料配方的添加剂。该反应体系用于制备软质泡沫塑料。术语“反应体系”定义为其中多异氰酸酯保存在与异氰酸酯反应性成分分开的容器中的体系。
在实施本发明的方法时,已知的一步法半预聚物和全预聚物技术可以与常规混合装置一起使用,泡沫塑料可以制成块料、模制品等。
上述多异氰酸酯(过量)与多元醇的反应产物—NCO值为5-30%(重量)的预聚物也构成本发明的一部分。预聚物本身的制备方法是本领域公知的。
用本发明方法制成的泡沫塑料具有有用的能量吸收性能,这使得它们可用于减弱声振动及装填用途。所述泡沫塑料的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)比由具有更高氧乙烯含量的多元醇制得的泡沫塑料低,本发明的泡沫塑料密度低、回弹性提高,同时保持由具有更高氧乙烯含量的多元醇制得的泡沫塑料的大部分优良性能,如撕裂强度、断裂伸长和压缩变形。
另外,本发明的泡沫塑料具有开孔或易于压垮的孔。
本发明用下述实施例说明,但不限于此。在实施例中,所有的份数、百分数和比例均按重量计。
除非另外指明,用下述材料的集注来确定反应组分。集注
多元醇1:EO/PO多醇,名义官能度为3,羟值为38.5mg KOH/g,EO含量为59%,末端EO含量为19%。
多元醇2:EO/PO多醇,名义官能度为3,羟值为36mg KOH/g,EO含量为39%,末端EO含量为10%。
多元醇3:EO/PO多醇,名义官能度为3,羟值为26mg KOH/g,EO含量为29%,末端EO含量为15%。
Dabco EG是Dabco在乙二醇中的33%溶液,由Air Products得到。Dabco是Air Products的商标。
多异氰酸酯:NCO含量为31.4%的MDI混合物,含有1.8%2,2′+2,4′-MDI、84.6%4,4′-MDI和13.6%uretonimine修饰的4,4′-MDI。
DBDTL是二月桂酸二丁基锡。
A1是Niax A1:由Union Carbide得到的催化剂。Niax是Union Carbide的商标。
DELA:二乙醇胺。
Dabco EG:由Air Products得到的催化剂。
在发泡杯中,使多异氰酸酯在如表1所示的特定指数下与异氰酸酯反应性组合物(其具体组成连同一些物理性能示于表1中)反应。所有的量均为重量份数。
表1
指数 | 100 | 97 | 96 | 102 |
多元醇1 | 50 | 20 | - | - |
多元醇2 | 50 | 80 | 100 | - |
多元醇3 | - | - | - | 100 |
水 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
Dabco EG | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 |
DBTDL | 0.1 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 |
Niax A1 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 |
DELA | - | 0.7 | 0.9 | 1 |
自由起发密度,kg/m3 | 38 | 39 | 41 | 36 |
回弹性,%(Iso 8307) | 48 | 36 | 39 | 44 |
玻璃化转变温度,℃(动力机械热分析,Polymer Laboratories有限公司的DMT分析仪MKII) | -24 | - | -25 | -42 |
Claims (11)
1.一种制备软质聚氨酯泡沫塑料的方法,该方法是使多异氰酸酯与多元醇组合物和水反应,所述多异氰酸酯含有至少85%(重量)4,4′-二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯或其液态变体,所述多元醇组合物含有至少一种聚(氧乙烯-氧化烯)多醇,该组合物的平均名义羟基官能度为2.5-6,数均羟基当量重量为1000-3000,平均氧乙烯含量为25%(重量)至小于50%(重量)。
2.按照权利要求1所述的方法,其中聚(氧乙烯-氧化烯)多醇为聚(氧乙烯-氧丙烯)多醇。
3.按照权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中多元醇组合物的平均名义羟基官能度为2.5-3。
4.按照权利要求1-3所述的方法,其中多异氰酸酯含有至少90%(重量)4,4′-二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯或其液态变体。
5.按照权利要求1-4所述的方法,其中多异氰酸酯含有至少95%(重量)4,4′-二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯或其液态变体。
6.按照权利要求1-5所述的方法,其中多元醇组合物包含:
(a)50-100%(重量)含有氧乙烯基的聚氧化烯多醇,所述多元醇组分的平均名义羟基官能度为2-6,数均羟基当量重量为1000-3000,平均氧乙烯含量为25%(重量)至小于50%(重量),和
(b)50-0%(重量)一种或多种其它多元醇,所述多元醇的平均名义官能度为2-6、优选2-3,数均当量重量为1000-3000,氧乙烯含量小于25%(重量)或50%(重量)或更多。
7.按照权利要求1-6所述的方法,其中采用有效催化量的碱金属或碱土金属羧酸盐。
8.按照权利要求1-7所述的方法,其中组合物的氧乙烯含量为40%(重量)至小于50%(重量)。
9.按照权利要求1-8所述的方法,其中水是唯一的发泡剂。
10.一个反应体系,包括:
(ⅰ)含有至少85%(重量)4,4′-二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯或其液态变体的多异氰酸酯;
(ⅱ)含有至少一种聚(氧乙烯-氧化烯)多醇的多元醇组合物,该组合物的平均名义羟基官能度为2.5-6,数均羟基当量重量为1000-3000,平均氧乙烯含量为25%(重量)至小于50%(重量);
(ⅲ)包含水的发泡剂;和任选的
(ⅳ)一种或多种用于制备软质泡沫塑料的添加剂。
11.一种NCO值为5-30%(重量)的预聚物,该预聚物是通过使过量的多异氰酸酯与多元醇组合物反应得到的,所述多异氰酸酯含有至少85%(重量)4,4′-二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯或其液态变体,所述多元醇组合物含有至少一种聚(氧乙烯-氧化烯)多醇,该组合物的平均名义羟基官能度为2.5-6,数均羟基当量重量为1000-3000,平均氧乙烯含量为25%(重量)至小于50%(重量)。
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FR1599727A (zh) * | 1968-08-13 | 1970-07-20 | ||
US4098732A (en) * | 1973-12-25 | 1978-07-04 | Bridgestone Tire Co., Ltd. | Process for production of flame-resistant and smoke-retardant polyurethane foams |
JPS5417360B2 (zh) * | 1974-08-15 | 1979-06-29 | ||
FR2427347A1 (fr) * | 1978-06-02 | 1979-12-28 | Naphtachimie Sa | Fabrication de mousses de polyurethane de haute elasticite |
US5122548A (en) * | 1990-03-23 | 1992-06-16 | The Dow Chemical Company | Elastomeric polyisocyanate-based polymers from polyoxyalkylene polyols containing internal polyoxyethylene blocks |
DE4205934A1 (de) * | 1992-02-27 | 1993-09-02 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur herstellung von fluorchlorkohlenwasserstoff freien, niedrigdichten polyurethan-weichschaumstoffen und weichelastischen polyurethan-formschaumstoffen sowie hierfuer verwendbare, mit urethangruppen modifizierte polyisocyanatmischungen auf diphenylmethan-diisocyanatbasis |
-
1993
- 1993-04-13 GB GB939307565A patent/GB9307565D0/en active Pending
-
1994
- 1994-03-23 CA CA002158648A patent/CA2158648A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1994-03-23 CN CN94191752A patent/CN1047179C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-03-23 DE DE69427754T patent/DE69427754T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-03-23 ES ES94912522T patent/ES2160627T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-03-23 EP EP94912522A patent/EP0694047B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-03-23 JP JP52266694A patent/JP3481244B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-03-23 WO PCT/EP1994/000927 patent/WO1994024183A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1994-04-11 MY MYPI94000864A patent/MY110549A/en unknown
-
1997
- 1997-03-04 CN CN97102951A patent/CN1183422A/zh active Pending
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN1104482C (zh) * | 1996-09-26 | 2003-04-02 | 三井化学株式会社 | 粘结剂、木质纤维素成型板用粘结剂和该板及它们的制造方法 |
CN103946257A (zh) * | 2011-10-28 | 2014-07-23 | 亨茨曼国际有限公司 | 制备聚氨酯泡沫的方法 |
CN103946257B (zh) * | 2011-10-28 | 2016-10-05 | 亨茨曼国际有限公司 | 制备聚氨酯泡沫的方法 |
CN105307478A (zh) * | 2013-06-24 | 2016-02-03 | 亨茨曼国际有限公司 | 用作土壤改良剂的聚氨酯泡沫 |
CN105307478B (zh) * | 2013-06-24 | 2019-06-07 | 亨茨曼国际有限公司 | 用作土壤改良剂的聚氨酯泡沫 |
CN115322321A (zh) * | 2022-08-03 | 2022-11-11 | 佳化化学科技发展(上海)有限公司 | 一种亲水性软质泡沫及其制备方法 |
CN115322321B (zh) * | 2022-08-03 | 2024-03-12 | 佳化化学科技发展(上海)有限公司 | 一种亲水性软质泡沫及其制备方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
MY110549A (en) | 1998-07-31 |
EP0694047A1 (en) | 1996-01-31 |
ES2160627T3 (es) | 2001-11-16 |
CN1183422A (zh) | 1998-06-03 |
JPH08511286A (ja) | 1996-11-26 |
WO1994024183A1 (en) | 1994-10-27 |
GB9307565D0 (en) | 1993-06-02 |
EP0694047B1 (en) | 2001-07-18 |
CN1047179C (zh) | 1999-12-08 |
DE69427754T2 (de) | 2002-05-23 |
JP3481244B2 (ja) | 2003-12-22 |
CA2158648A1 (en) | 1994-10-27 |
DE69427754D1 (de) | 2001-08-23 |
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