CN112084603A - Method for acquiring quenching and heating technological parameters of heavy-load universal shaft fork head - Google Patents

Method for acquiring quenching and heating technological parameters of heavy-load universal shaft fork head Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN112084603A
CN112084603A CN202010979455.8A CN202010979455A CN112084603A CN 112084603 A CN112084603 A CN 112084603A CN 202010979455 A CN202010979455 A CN 202010979455A CN 112084603 A CN112084603 A CN 112084603A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
depth
quenching
layer
heating
fork head
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CN202010979455.8A
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Other versions
CN112084603B (en
Inventor
杨晓红
朱健平
马淑瑾
许训
李俊杰
葛婧
何宜柱
胡磊
方凯
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Taier Heavy Industry Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Taier Heavy Industry Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Taier Heavy Industry Co Ltd filed Critical Taier Heavy Industry Co Ltd
Priority to CN202010979455.8A priority Critical patent/CN112084603B/en
Publication of CN112084603A publication Critical patent/CN112084603A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN112084603B publication Critical patent/CN112084603B/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Images

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/10—Geometric CAD
    • G06F30/17—Mechanical parametric or variational design
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/0068—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for particular articles not mentioned below
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
    • G06F30/23—Design optimisation, verification or simulation using finite element methods [FEM] or finite difference methods [FDM]
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2119/00—Details relating to the type or aim of the analysis or the optimisation
    • G06F2119/08—Thermal analysis or thermal optimisation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2119/00—Details relating to the type or aim of the analysis or the optimisation
    • G06F2119/12—Timing analysis or timing optimisation

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Evolutionary Computation (AREA)
  • Computational Mathematics (AREA)
  • Pure & Applied Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mathematical Optimization (AREA)
  • Mathematical Analysis (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for acquiring quenching and heating technological parameters of a heavy-duty universal shaft fork head, which comprises the following steps of: step one, establishing a model by using a finite element method, and acquiring the depth of an austenitizing layer of a fork headhAnd depth of through-hardening layerc(ii) a Step two, using a Bowder method to ensure the depth of an austenitizing layerhNot lower than the minimumhminOn the basis of the depth of an austenitizing layer of the fork headhDepth of through-hardening layercThe difference between the two is an optimization target, and optimal quenching heating process parameters of the heavy-duty universal shaft fork head, namely heating temperature T and heating time T, are obtained. The method combines the finite element method with the optimization method to ensure that the heat treatment efficiency is improved and the heat treatment cost is reduced on the basis of guaranteeing the heat treatment quality of the fork. The method of the invention not only avoids energy waste and low production efficiency caused by overlong heating time, but also can not cause the problem of unqualified heat treatment quality caused by insufficient heating time.

Description

Method for acquiring quenching and heating technological parameters of heavy-load universal shaft fork head
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for acquiring quenching and heating process parameters of a heavy-duty universal shaft fork head, which improves the heat treatment efficiency and reduces the heat treatment cost on the basis of ensuring the heat treatment quality of the heavy-duty universal shaft fork head. The invention belongs to the technical field of metal heat treatment.
Background
The heavy-duty cross-axle type universal coupling is an important mechanical transmission part and has wide application in the fields of heavy machinery, aerospace, metallurgy and the like. The fork head is used as a key component of a heavy-duty cross-axle type universal coupling, the fork head is used for transmitting the torque of a driving shaft and a driven shaft, the working condition is severe, the breakage failure and the abrasion failure are easy to occur, and once the fork head fails, the coupling cannot work, and the time and the labor are wasted when the fork head is replaced again. Therefore, after the heavy-duty universal shaft fork head is cast and formed, quenching and tempering heat treatment, namely quenching and high-temperature tempering, is needed to obtain comprehensive mechanical properties with good strength and toughness, so that the service life of the heavy-duty universal shaft fork head is prolonged, and the normal work of the coupler is ensured.
In the traditional quenching and heating process of the fork head, in order to ensure the depth of quenching, long-time austenitizing and heating are often carried outSometimes even the entire prong is heated above the austenitizing temperature, causing it to fully transform to austenite. However, in the subsequent quenching cooling process, only limited depth of quenching layer, namely depth of austenitizing layer of the fork head, can be obtained generally due to the limitation of cooling capacity of the cooling mediumhAnd depth of through-hardening layercThe difference is large. Therefore, the traditional quenching process of the fork head causes a great deal of energy waste and time waste during austenitizing heating. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a method for acquiring quenching and heating process parameters of the heavy-duty universal shaft fork, so that the quenching and heating efficiency is improved and the heat treatment cost is reduced under the requirement of ensuring the service performance of the heavy-duty universal shaft fork.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for acquiring quenching and heating process parameters of a heavy-duty universal shaft fork head, so as to improve the heat treatment efficiency and reduce the heat treatment cost on the basis of ensuring the heat treatment quality of the fork head.
The method combines a finite element method with an optimization method, and establishes temperature field distribution in the heating and cooling stages during quenching heat treatment of the fork heads with different sizes by the finite element method to obtain the depth of an austenitizing layer of the fork head with a given size D at different heating temperatures T and heating times ThAnd depth of through-hardening layer in subsequent quenchingc(ii) a On the basis, an optimization algorithm is used to obtain the optimal depth of an austenitizing layerhDepth of through-hardening layercAnd combining, wherein the heating temperature T and the heating time T at the moment are optimal quenching heating process parameters. The method of the invention not only avoids energy waste and low production efficiency caused by overlong heating time, but also can not cause the problem of unqualified heat treatment quality caused by insufficient heating time.
The invention discloses a method for acquiring quenching and heating technological parameters of a heavy-duty universal shaft fork head, which comprises the following steps of:
step one, establishing a model by using a finite element method, and acquiring the depth of an austenitizing layer of a fork headhAnd depth of through-hardening layerc；
Step two, using a Bowder method to ensure the depth of an austenitizing layerhNot lower than the minimumhminOn the basis of the depth of an austenitizing layer of the fork headhDepth of through-hardening layercThe difference between the two is an optimization target, and optimal quenching heating process parameters of the heavy-duty universal shaft fork head, namely heating temperature T and heating time T, are obtained.
Wherein, the first step comprises the following specific steps:
step 1.1, modeling: establishing a heavy-load universal shaft fork head geometric model according to the size D of the fork head by using a finite element method, and dividing a grid by using tetrahedral units, wherein the size of the grid is 20 mm;
step 1.2, obtaining the depth of an austenitizing layer of a fork headh: adding boundary conditions of radiation heat exchange and convection heat exchange in the finite element model established in the step 1, wherein the environment temperature is the furnace temperature, and calculating and solving quenching heating temperature field distribution of the fork at the heating temperature T and the heating time T; extracting the depth of the region where the temperature of the base and the middle part of the fork head is greater than the austenite transformation starting temperature Ac1, and taking the minimum value as the depth of an austenitizing layerh；
Step 1.3, acquiring the depth of a through hardening layer of the fork headc: adding a convection heat transfer boundary condition into the finite element model established in the step 1, wherein the environment temperature is the temperature of the quenching medium, and calculating and solving the quenching cooling temperature field distribution of the fork at the heating temperature T and the heating time T; the cooling speed of the pedestal and the middle part of the fork head is greater than the depth of a quenching critical cooling speed vc area, and the minimum value is taken as the depth of a through quenching layerc。
Wherein, the second step comprises the following specific steps:
step 2.1, selecting an optimization function as follows:
Figure BDA0002686998730000031
in the formula, rkIs a penalty factor, and r1＝1，rk+1＝0.5rk(k＝1，2，3...)；
Step 2.2, selecting a group of initial heavy-load universal shaft fork head quenching and heating process parameters
Figure BDA0002686998730000032
And convergence accuracy, taking the initial set of cardinal directions as a unit coordinate vector system, i.e. S1 (1)＝[1，0]T，S2 (1)＝[0，1]T；
Step 2.3, 1,2,3 for k, from X0 (k)Starting from, following S in sequence1 (k)And S2 (k)Performing one-dimensional golden section search to obtain 2 minimum value points X1 (k)And X2 (k)Constructing a new search direction S3 (k)＝X2 (k)-X0 (k)And searching along the direction by using golden section method to obtain minimum value point X0 (k+1)；
Step 2.4, substituting the X value obtained in the step 2.3 into the following formula for judgment
Figure BDA0002686998730000033
If it is not
Figure BDA0002686998730000034
Then X0 (k+1)The optimal quenching and heating technological parameters of the fork head of the heavy-duty universal shaft are obtained if
Figure BDA0002686998730000035
Then k is equal to k +1, go back to step 2.3 to search again to obtain the X value, go to step 2.4 to make a decision until it is satisfied
Figure BDA0002686998730000036
The golden section method in step 2.3 of step two comprises the following specific steps:
step one, determining an initial search space [ Ta，Tb]Let Tα＝Ta+0.382(Tb-Ta)、Tβ＝Ta+0.618(Tb-Ta) (ii) a The quenching is calculated by using the step 1.1 and the step 1.2 respectivelyThe heating temperature is TαHeating time t0 (k)Depth of austenitizing layer h and depth of through-hardening layer c, then the depth of austenitizing layer at this point is calculated by step 2.1
Figure BDA0002686998730000041
In the same way, can obtain
Figure BDA0002686998730000042
Step two, comparison
Figure BDA0002686998730000043
And
Figure BDA0002686998730000044
the size of (2): if it is
Figure BDA0002686998730000045
Then Tb＝Tβ，Tβ＝Tα，
Figure BDA0002686998730000046
Tα＝Ta+0.382(Tb-Ta) (ii) a Firstly, step 1.1 and step 1.2 are used to respectively calculate the quenching heating temperature as TαThe heating time is
Figure BDA0002686998730000047
Depth of austenitizing layer h and depth of through-hardening layer c, then the depth of austenitizing layer at this point is calculated by step 2.1
Figure BDA0002686998730000048
Otherwise, then Ta＝Tα，Tα＝Tβ，
Figure BDA0002686998730000049
Tβ＝Ta+0.618(Tb-Ta) And calculating the quenching heating temperature as T by using the step 1 and the step 2 respectivelyβThe heating time is
Figure BDA00026869987300000410
Depth of austenitizing layer h and depth of through-hardening layer c at this time, which are calculated using step 2.1
Figure BDA00026869987300000411
Step three, if b-a <, then
Figure BDA00026869987300000412
If not, the step (II) is carried out again until b-a <, and the minimum value point is obtained;
and fourthly, repeating the first step, the second step and the third step to obtain the minimum value point of the t.
Compared with the prior art, the method for acquiring the quenching and heating technological parameters of the heavy-duty universal shaft fork head has the beneficial effects that: (1) the finite element method is combined with the optimization method, namely the finite element method is used for establishing temperature field distribution of heating and cooling stages during quenching heat treatment of the forked heads with different sizes, so that the depth ha of an austenitizing layer of the forked head with a given size D and the depth hc of a quenching layer during subsequent cooling and quenching are obtained when the forked head with the given size is at different heating temperatures T and heating times T; on the basis, an optimal combination of the depth ha of the austenitizing layer and the depth hc of the through-hardening layer is obtained by using an optimization algorithm, so that the problems of energy waste and low production efficiency caused by overlong heating time and unqualified heat treatment quality caused by insufficient heating time are solved; (2) on the premise of ensuring the quality of the quenched product, the production efficiency is improved, and the electric energy consumption is reduced; when the heavy-duty universal shaft fork head is obtained by the Bowden method through quenching and heating heat treatment, the combination of the heating temperature and the heating time which are as low as possible can be obtained on the premise of ensuring that the depth of an austenitizing layer is not lower than the minimum value, the heat treatment efficiency is improved, and the heat treatment cost is reduced; in addition, the invention can avoid repeated field tests, and is beneficial to saving time, labor and material resources; (3) the defect that the temperature distribution is time-consuming and labor-consuming in quenching and heating heat treatment of the heavy-duty universal shaft fork head measured through a temperature measuring device in the prior art is overcome, the defect that workpieces can be damaged by measuring the internal temperature of the heavy-duty universal shaft fork head through punching is overcome, the time for acquiring quenching and heating process parameters of the heavy-duty universal shaft fork head is shortened, and the production cost is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a heavy duty cardan shaft yoke.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the depth h of the austenitizing layer of the pick.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of obtaining the depth of quench penetration c of the prong.
FIG. 4 is a schematic flow chart of the method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be further specifically described with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
Heavy-duty cardan shaft jaw: 1100mm, and obtaining the material ZG34Cr2Ni2Mo with optimized heating temperature T and heating time T of quenching heating heat treatment by the following steps:
step one, establishing a model by using a finite element method, and acquiring the depth h of an austenitizing layer and the depth c of a through quenching layer of a fork:
step 1.1, modeling: establishing a heavy-load universal shaft fork head geometric model according to the size D of the fork head by using a finite element method, and dividing a grid by using tetrahedral units, wherein the size of the grid is 20 mm;
step 1.2, obtaining the depth h of an austenitizing layer of the fork: adding boundary conditions of radiation heat exchange and convection heat exchange in the finite element model established in the step 1, wherein the environment temperature is the furnace temperature, and calculating and solving quenching heating temperature field distribution of the fork at the heating temperature T and the heating time T; and extracting the depth of the region where the temperature of the base and the middle part of the fork head is greater than the austenite transformation starting temperature Ac1, and taking the minimum value as the depth h of the austenitizing layer. In this example Ac1817 deg.C, taking its minimum value as the depth of austenitizing layerh。
Step 1.3, obtaining the depth c of a through-hardening layer of the fork head: adding a convection heat transfer boundary condition into the finite element model established in the step 1, wherein the environment temperature is the temperature of the quenching medium, and calculating and solving the quenching cooling temperature field distribution of the fork at the heating temperature T and the heating time T; extraction forkThe cooling speed of the head base and the middle part is greater than the depth of a critical quenching cooling speed vc area, and the minimum value is taken as the depth c of a through quenching layer. In this example vc1 ℃/s, and the minimum value is taken as the depth of the through-hardening layerc。
Step two, using a Bowder method to ensure the depth of an austenitizing layerhNot lower than the minimumhminOn the basis, the optimal quenching and heating process parameters of the heavy-duty universal shaft fork head, namely heating temperature T and heating time T, are obtained by taking the difference between the depth h of an austenitizing layer of the fork head and the depth c of a through quenching layer as an optimization target:
step 2.1, selecting an optimization function as follows:
Figure BDA0002686998730000061
in the formula, rkIs a penalty factor, and r1＝1，rk+1＝0.5rk(k ═ 1,2, 3.); in the present example, the number of the first and second,hmin＝50mm；hminis a parameter defined according to the performance that the prong will eventually achieve, for a part of a particular size, material,hminis a known parameter;
step 2.2, selecting a group of initial heavy-load universal shaft and quenching and heating process parameters
Figure BDA0002686998730000062
And convergence accuracy, T in this example0 (1)＝830℃、t0 (1)20h and 0.001, and taking the initial basic direction set as a unit coordinate vector system, namely S1 (1)＝[1，0]T，S2 (1)＝[0，1]T(ii) a Wherein the initial parameter T0 (1)、t0 (1)The values of (a) are from empirical formulas;
step 2.3, 1,2,3 for k, from X0 (k)Starting from, following S in sequence1 (k)And S2 (k)Performing one-dimensional golden section search to obtain 2 minimum value points X1 (k)And X2 (k)Constructing a new search direction S3 (k)＝X2 (k)-X0 (k)And searching along the direction by using golden section method to obtain minimum value point X0 (k+1)(ii) a The golden section method comprises the following specific steps:
step one, determining an initial search space [ Ta，Tb]Let Ta＝830℃，Tb930 deg.C, let Tα＝Ta+0.382(Tb-Ta)＝868.2℃，Tβ＝Ta+0.618(Tb-Ta) 891.8 deg.C; firstly, step 1.1 and step 1.2 are used to respectively calculate the quenching heating temperature as TαAt 868.2 deg.C for a heating time t0 (1)The depth of the austenitizing layer h and the depth of the through-hardening layer c at 20h are then calculated by step 2.1
Figure BDA0002686998730000071
Similarly, the step 1.1 and the step 1.2 are used to calculate the quenching heating temperature T respectivelyβAt 891.8 deg.C for a heating time t0 (1)The depth of the austenitizing layer h and the depth of the through-hardening layer c at 20h are then calculated by step 2.1
Figure BDA0002686998730000072
Wherein, Ta、TbThe values of (a) are from empirical formulas;
step two, comparison
Figure BDA0002686998730000073
And
Figure BDA0002686998730000074
the size of (2): if it is
Figure BDA0002686998730000075
Then Tb＝Tβ，Tβ＝Tα，
Figure BDA0002686998730000076
Tα＝Ta+0.382(Tb-Ta) (ii) a Using the steps firstStep 1.1 and step 1.2 calculate the quenching heating temperature as TαThe heating time is
Figure BDA0002686998730000077
Depth of austenitizing layer h and depth of through-hardening layer c, then the depth of austenitizing layer at this point is calculated by step 2.1
Figure BDA0002686998730000078
Otherwise, then Ta＝Tα，Tα＝Tβ，
Figure BDA0002686998730000079
Tβ＝Ta+0.618(Tb-Ta) And calculating the quenching heating temperature as T by using the step 1 and the step 2 respectivelyβThe heating time is
Figure BDA00026869987300000710
Depth of austenitizing layer h and depth of through-hardening layer c at this time, which are calculated using step 2.1
Figure BDA00026869987300000711
Step three, if b-a <, then
Figure BDA00026869987300000712
If not, the step (c) is carried out again until b-a <, and the minimum value point is obtained.
And fourthly, repeating the first step, the second step and the third step to obtain the minimum value point of the t.
Step 2.4, substituting the X value obtained in the step 2.3 into the following formula for judgment
Figure BDA00026869987300000713
If it is not
Figure BDA00026869987300000714
Then X0 (k+1)The optimal quenching and heating technological parameters of the fork head of the heavy-duty universal shaft are obtained if
Figure BDA00026869987300000715
Then k is equal to k +1, go back to step 2.3 to search again to obtain the X value, go to step 2.4 to make a decision until it is satisfied
Figure BDA00026869987300000716
After optimization, the heating temperature of the optimized quenching heating process is 850 ℃ and the heating time is 9 h.
To fully illustrate the beneficial effects of the inventive examples, a number of comparative runs were conducted, with the quench heating process parameters for each run set shown in Table 1 below.
TABLE 1 quenching and heating Process parameter test data
Figure BDA0002686998730000081
In the tests 1 to 3, the diameter of the fork head is the same, the same heating temperature is adopted, but the heating time is different. Although the heating time of the test 2 is shorter, the end face teeth exceed the upper limit of hardness of 315HB, the quality is not satisfactory, and the quality of the test 1 and the quality of the test 3 both meet the requirements, therefore, the quenching heating process parameters of the test 1 and the test 3 can be adopted, but the heating time of the test 3 is shorter, the electricity consumption of each section is also lower, and therefore, the parameters of the test 3 are preferentially adopted. Therefore, when the diameter D of the fork head is 1100mm, the heating temperature T is 850 ℃ and the heating time T is 9h are the optimal quenching and heating process parameters of the heavy-duty universal shaft fork head, on the premise of ensuring the performance of the fork head, the difference between the depth h of an austenitizing layer and the depth c of a quenching layer of the fork head can be effectively reduced, the cost is saved, and the efficiency is improved.
In the description herein, references to the description of "one embodiment," "an example," "a specific example" or the like are intended to mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
The method of the invention combines the finite element method and the optimization method to obtain the optimal combination of the depth ha of the austenitizing layer and the depth hc of the through-hardening layer, thereby obtaining the optimal quenching temperature T and the optimal quenching time T. The method is not only suitable for the fork head, but also suitable for quenching other parts, thereby obtaining the optimal quenching temperature T and the optimal quenching time T.

Claims (5)

1. The method for acquiring the quenching and heating technological parameters of the heavy-duty universal shaft fork head is characterized by comprising the following steps of: it comprises the following steps:
step one, establishing a model by using a finite element method, and acquiring the depth h of an austenitizing layer and the depth c of a through-hardening layer of a fork head through the model;
and step two, obtaining the optimal quenching and heating process parameters, namely heating temperature T and heating time T, of the heavy-duty universal shaft fork head by using a Bowden method and taking the difference between the depth h of the austenitizing layer of the fork head and the depth c of the through-quenching layer as an optimization target.
2. The acquisition method according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the first step comprises the following specific steps:
step 1.1, modeling: establishing a heavy-load universal shaft fork head geometric model according to the size D of the fork head by using a finite element method, and dividing a grid by using tetrahedral units, wherein the size of the grid is 20 mm;
step 1.2, obtaining the depth h of an austenitizing layer of the fork: adding boundary conditions of radiation heat exchange and convection heat exchange in the finite element model established in the step 1, wherein the environment temperature is the furnace temperature, and calculating and solving quenching heating temperature field distribution of the fork at the heating temperature T and the heating time T; extracting the depth of a region where the temperature of the base and the middle part of the fork head is greater than the austenite transformation starting temperature Ac1, and taking the minimum value as the depth h of an austenitizing layer;
step 1.3, obtaining the depth c of a through-hardening layer of the fork head: adding a convection heat transfer boundary condition into the finite element model established in the step 1, wherein the environment temperature is the temperature of the quenching medium, and calculating and solving the quenching cooling temperature field distribution of the fork at the heating temperature T and the heating time T; and (3) the cooling speed of the pedestal and the middle part of the fork head is greater than the depth of a quenching critical cooling speed vc region, and the minimum value is taken as the depth c of a through-hardening layer.
3. The acquisition method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that:
the second step comprises the following specific steps:
step 2.1, selecting an optimization function as follows:
Figure FDA0002686998720000011
in the formula, rkIs a penalty factor, and r1＝1，rk+1＝0.5rk(k＝1,2,3…)；
Step 2.2, selecting a group of initial heavy-load universal shaft fork head quenching and heating process parameters
Figure FDA0002686998720000021
And convergence accuracy, taking the initial set of cardinal directions as a unit coordinate vector system, i.e. S1 (1)＝[1,0]T，S2 (1)＝[0,1]T；
Step 2.3, for k ═ 1,2,3 …, from X0 (k)Starting from, following S in sequence1 (k)And S2 (k)Performing one-dimensional golden section search to obtain 2 minimum value points X1 (k)And X2 (k)Constructing a new search direction S3 (k)＝X2 (k)-X0 (k)And searching along the direction by using golden section method to obtain minimum value point X0 (k+1)；
Step 2.4, substituting the X value obtained in the step 2.3 into the following formula for judgment
Figure FDA0002686998720000022
If it is not
Figure FDA0002686998720000023
Then X0 (k+1)The optimal quenching and heating technological parameters of the fork head of the heavy-duty universal shaft are obtained if
Figure FDA0002686998720000024
Then k is equal to k +1, go back to step 2.3 to search again to obtain the X value, go to step 2.4 to make a decision until it is satisfied
Figure FDA0002686998720000025
4. The acquisition method according to claim 3, characterized in that:
the golden section method in step 2.3 of step two comprises the following specific steps:
step one, determining an initial search space [ Ta,Tb]Let Tα＝Ta+0.382(Tb-Ta)、Tβ＝Ta+0.618(Tb-Ta) (ii) a Firstly, step 1.1 and step 1.2 are used to respectively calculate the quenching heating temperature as TαHeating time t0 (k)Depth of austenitizing layer h and depth of through-hardening layer c, then the depth of austenitizing layer at this point is calculated by step 2.1
Figure FDA0002686998720000026
In the same way, can obtain
Figure FDA0002686998720000027
Step two, comparison
Figure FDA0002686998720000028
And
Figure FDA0002686998720000029
the size of (2):
if it is
Figure FDA00026869987200000210
Then Tb＝Tβ，Tβ＝Tα，
Figure FDA00026869987200000211
Tα＝Ta+0.382(Tb-Ta) (ii) a Firstly, step 1.1 and step 1.2 are used to respectively calculate the quenching heating temperature as TαThe heating time is
Figure FDA00026869987200000212
Depth of austenitizing layer h and depth of through-hardening layer c, then the depth of austenitizing layer at this point is calculated by step 2.1
Figure FDA00026869987200000213
Otherwise, then Ta＝Tα，Tα＝Tβ，
Figure FDA00026869987200000214
Tβ＝Ta+0.618(Tb-Ta) And calculating the quenching heating temperature as T by using the step 1 and the step 2 respectivelyβThe heating time is
Figure FDA00026869987200000215
Depth of austenitizing layer h and depth of through-hardening layer c at that time were calculated using step 3.1
Figure FDA0002686998720000031
Step three, if b-a <, then
Figure FDA0002686998720000032
If not, the step (c) is carried out again until b-a <, and the minimum value point is obtained.
And fourthly, repeating the first step, the second step and the third step to obtain the minimum value point of the t.
5. The acquisition method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: when the heavy-duty universal shaft fork head D is 1100mm and the material ZG34Cr2Ni2Mo is used, the optimized heating temperature T of quenching and heating heat treatment is 850 ℃, and the heating time T is 9 h.
CN202010979455.8A 2020-09-17 2020-09-17 Method for acquiring quenching and heating technological parameters of heavy-load universal shaft fork head Active CN112084603B (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202010979455.8A CN112084603B (en) 2020-09-17 2020-09-17 Method for acquiring quenching and heating technological parameters of heavy-load universal shaft fork head

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202010979455.8A CN112084603B (en) 2020-09-17 2020-09-17 Method for acquiring quenching and heating technological parameters of heavy-load universal shaft fork head

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN112084603A true CN112084603A (en) 2020-12-15
CN112084603B CN112084603B (en) 2022-03-15

Family

ID=73738135

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN202010979455.8A Active CN112084603B (en) 2020-09-17 2020-09-17 Method for acquiring quenching and heating technological parameters of heavy-load universal shaft fork head

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN112084603B (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113343377A (en) * 2021-05-22 2021-09-03 哈尔滨工业大学 Method for predicting quenching residual stress of bearing steel
CN113642218A (en) * 2021-08-18 2021-11-12 南京钢铁股份有限公司 System and method for determining critical heating rate of steel plate quenching treatment

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104212969A (en) * 2014-09-18 2014-12-17 上海交通大学 Steel pipe continuous quenching process control method based on numerical simulation
CN104331574A (en) * 2014-11-19 2015-02-04 河海大学常州校区 ANSYS finite element platform-based prediction method for induction quenching hardening layer depth
CN105586476A (en) * 2016-01-19 2016-05-18 上海交通大学 High-strength steel quenching technology optimizing method based on numerical simulation technique
CN105653770A (en) * 2015-12-25 2016-06-08 河海大学常州校区 Prediction method of continuous induction quenching hardening layer depth
CN105930605A (en) * 2016-04-29 2016-09-07 河海大学常州校区 Quench hardening layer depth measurement method for induction quenching treatment shaft part

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104212969A (en) * 2014-09-18 2014-12-17 上海交通大学 Steel pipe continuous quenching process control method based on numerical simulation
CN104331574A (en) * 2014-11-19 2015-02-04 河海大学常州校区 ANSYS finite element platform-based prediction method for induction quenching hardening layer depth
CN105653770A (en) * 2015-12-25 2016-06-08 河海大学常州校区 Prediction method of continuous induction quenching hardening layer depth
CN105586476A (en) * 2016-01-19 2016-05-18 上海交通大学 High-strength steel quenching technology optimizing method based on numerical simulation technique
CN105930605A (en) * 2016-04-29 2016-09-07 河海大学常州校区 Quench hardening layer depth measurement method for induction quenching treatment shaft part

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
张根元等: "基于ANSYS模拟预测S45C钢轴感应加热工艺参数", 《金属热处理》 *

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113343377A (en) * 2021-05-22 2021-09-03 哈尔滨工业大学 Method for predicting quenching residual stress of bearing steel
CN113642218A (en) * 2021-08-18 2021-11-12 南京钢铁股份有限公司 System and method for determining critical heating rate of steel plate quenching treatment
CN113642218B (en) * 2021-08-18 2023-12-15 南京钢铁股份有限公司 Determination system and determination method for critical heating rate of steel plate quenching treatment

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN112084603B (en) 2022-03-15

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN104827245B (en) A kind of forging technology of bearing ring
CN112084603B (en) Method for acquiring quenching and heating technological parameters of heavy-load universal shaft fork head
CN101805824B (en) Interrupted quenching thermal treatment method of 42CrMo4 roller shaft
CN101403032B (en) Thermal treatment process for quick cutting steel composite roll
CN104259361B (en) High-carbon and high-chromium 9Cr18 martensite stainless steel shaft forging preparation technology
CN109500330A (en) A kind of cogging method of the big size ingot-casting of nickel-base alloy
CN103343200A (en) Short-process thermal treatment method of large 35CrNi3MoV steel forgings
CN110863169A (en) Heat treatment optimization method for carburizing steel bearing ring
CN106929653B (en) A kind of 25Cr2Ni2MoV rotor made of steel forging heat treatment method after forging
CN101787427B (en) Crankshaft fillet quenching method
CN105328095A (en) Low-carbon high-alloy steel forging technology
CN107365948A (en) A kind of cold working die steel material and preparation method thereof
CN105861791B (en) A kind of wind-powered electricity generation ring gear longitudinal magnetic flux induction heat treatment device
CN104775009A (en) Heating method during quenching of large supporting roller
CN109207678B (en) Hot forging die heat treatment method and application thereof
CN105506481B (en) A kind of preparation method of impact resistance Alloy Balls In Milling
CN113458308A (en) Limit forming method for realizing ultra-large turbine disc forging
CN111985128B (en) Method for constructing thermal processing diagram of large-specification non-quenched and tempered steel
CN109182704A (en) A kind of preparation method of the pressure vessel strong steel alloy 21CrMoV5-11 forging circle of heat
CN102382948A (en) High-speed steel W18Cr4V die-casting die heat-treatment process
CN217616829U (en) Melting casting-forging composite pole piece roller blank
CN216337795U (en) Inductor for quenching raceway of inner gear ring of slewing bearing
CN108707730B (en) Efficient continuous annealing method for tool and die steel
CN102354580B (en) Method for preparing copper cladding steel wire rod by utilizing casting post-heating rotary swaging technology
CN207276659U (en) A kind of high-frequency induction heating local heat treatmet device

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PB01 Publication
PB01 Publication
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
GR01 Patent grant
GR01 Patent grant
PE01 Entry into force of the registration of the contract for pledge of patent right

Denomination of invention: Obtaining Method of Quenching and Heating Process Parameters of Heavy Duty Universal Shaft Fork

Effective date of registration: 20221230

Granted publication date: 20220315

Pledgee: Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Co.,Ltd. Ma'anshan City Construction Branch

Pledgor: TAIER HEAVY INDUSTRY Co.,Ltd.

Registration number: Y2022980029771

PE01 Entry into force of the registration of the contract for pledge of patent right