CN113642218A - System and method for determining critical heating rate of steel plate quenching treatment - Google Patents
System and method for determining critical heating rate of steel plate quenching treatment Download PDFInfo
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 124
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 124
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910000797 Ultra-high-strength steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006101 laboratory sample Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012356 Product development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a system and a method for determining critical heating rate of steel plate quenching treatment, wherein the method comprises the steps of establishing a three-dimensional geometric model of a steel plate, establishing a finite element model of temperature field and tissue field coupling in the steel plate quenching process, numerically solving the heat-tissue coupling finite element model according to a steel plate heat-tissue performance database, initial conditions and boundary conditions of temperature and tissue in the coupling model, judging whether the central temperature of the steel plate reaches the set heat preservation temperature at the heat preservation time, and obtaining the critical heating rate of the central temperature reaching the heat preservation temperature at the heat preservation time in the steel plate quenching process by resetting the heating rate in the boundary conditions. The critical heating rate in the steel plate quenching process is confirmed by establishing a coupling model of a temperature field and a tissue field in the steel plate quenching process and repeatedly performing simulation calculation, repeated experiments on actually produced steel plates are not needed, the confirmation efficiency of the critical heating rate is improved, and the manufacturing cost of products is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to heat treatment of metal materials, in particular to a system and a method for determining the critical heating rate of quenching treatment of a steel plate.
Background
In order to improve the mechanical properties of the rolled low-alloy ultrahigh-strength steel plate, the rolled steel plate is generally subjected to quenching treatment. With the requirements of energy conservation and emission reduction and cost reduction of enterprises, the heat treatment time is reduced as far as possible on the premise of ensuring the performance of the low-alloy ultrahigh-strength steel plate, and the method becomes a problem concerned by manufacturing enterprises. The quenching process comprises three processes of temperature rise, heat preservation and temperature reduction, wherein the steel plate is heated to a certain austenitizing temperature and then is subjected to heat preservation, so that the steel plate is fully austenitized, and then the steel plate is cooled through a quenching medium to obtain the required microstructure and mechanical properties. The cooling process is that the steel plate is cooled by spraying water through a water curtain, so that the influence of reducing the treatment time on reducing the energy consumption is small. Therefore, reducing the heat treatment time by setting a suitable temperature rise rate is an important way to reduce the production energy consumption and the manufacturing cost.
Currently, the setting of the heating ramp rate is done by small laboratory samples. However, the steel plate size in actual production is large, and the temperature rise rate established by a small laboratory sample cannot be completely reproduced in actual production. If the steel plate through actual production is tested, after repeated heating and cooling treatment, the size precision and the mechanical property of the steel plate are difficult to guarantee, the cost is higher, the test workload is large, the period is long, and the product development progress is influenced. Therefore, how to set the proper heating rate (i.e., critical heating rate) becomes a problem in the manufacturing field.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: in view of the above disadvantages, the present invention provides a system for determining the critical heating rate of quenching treatment of a steel sheet without performing repeated heating and cooling treatment experiments on an actually produced steel sheet.
The invention also provides a method for determining the critical heating rate of the quenching treatment of the steel plate.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a system for determining a critical heating rate of a steel plate quenching process, comprising: the model establishing module is used for establishing a three-dimensional geometric model of the steel plate, carrying out grid division and then establishing a finite element model of coupling of a temperature field and a tissue field in the quenching process of the steel plate, namely a thermal-tissue coupling model;
the condition setting module is used for establishing a thermal-structure performance database of the steel plate and setting initial conditions and boundary conditions of temperature and structure in the thermal-structure coupling model, wherein the temperature boundary conditions comprise the heating rate of the steel plate in the quenching process and the austenitizing heat preservation temperature;
the heating rate determining module is used for carrying out numerical solution on the thermal-tissue coupling finite element model according to the thermal-tissue performance database, the initial condition and the boundary condition of the temperature and the initial condition and the boundary condition of the tissue to obtain a temperature field and a tissue field evolution in the quenching process, obtaining the temperature of the inner center of the steel plate according to the obtained temperature field evolution and carrying out analysis and judgment on the temperature of the inner center of the steel plate; if the temperature at the center reaches the set heat preservation temperature, the heating rate at the moment is the critical heating rate; and if the temperature at the center does not reach the set heat preservation temperature, resetting the heating rate of the quenching process through the condition setting module.
The invention also adopts a method for determining the critical heating rate of the quenching treatment of the steel plate, which comprises the following steps:
(1) establishing a three-dimensional geometric model of the steel plate, and performing grid division;
(2) establishing a finite element model of coupling of a temperature field and a tissue field in the steel plate quenching process, namely a thermal-tissue coupling model, which comprises a temperature field model formula and a tissue field model formula;
(3) physical data of the steel plate in the quenching process of the steel plate are obtained through testing, and a thermal-structural performance database of the steel plate is established;
(4) setting initial conditions and boundary conditions of a temperature field in a thermal-tissue coupling model and initial conditions of a tissue field, wherein the boundary conditions of the temperature field comprise the heating rate of a steel plate quenching process and the heat preservation temperature of austenitizing;
(5) according to the steel plate thermal-structure performance database, the initial conditions and boundary conditions of the temperature field and the initial conditions of the structure, carrying out numerical solution on the thermal-structure coupling finite element model to obtain the temperature field and structure field evolution in the quenching process;
(6) according to the temperature of the inner center of the steel plate at the heat preservation time obtained in the step (5), analyzing and judging the temperature of the inner center of the steel plate; if the temperature at the center reaches the set heat preservation temperature, the heating rate at the moment is the critical heating rate; and (5) if the temperature at the center does not reach the set holding temperature, resetting the heating rate of the quenching process, and repeatedly executing the steps (4) to (6) until the determination of the critical heating rate is finally completed.
Further, the temperature field model formula in the step (2) is as follows:
wherein T is the temperature of the steel plate, T is time, lambda is the thermal conductivity of the steel plate, c is the specific heat of the steel plate, rho is the density of the steel plate, and Q is the latent heat of phase change; x, y, z are 3 directions of a cartesian coordinate system;
the tissue field model formula is as follows:
wherein, P (T) is the phase part of the new phase; peq(T) is the phase fraction of the new phase at equilibrium; τ (T) is the delay time for the old phase to change to the new phase;
for the generation coefficient of the phase to be generated,
the temperature change rate.
Further, the hot-tissue property database in the step (3) comprises a CCT curve of the steel plate and thermal conductivity, specific heat and density of each phase at different temperatures.
Further, the step (3) of testing the physical data of the steel plate specifically includes the steps of:
(31) testing expansion curves of the steel plate at different cooling speeds, and establishing CCT curves at different cooling speeds by combining tissue and hardness;
(32) water quenching is carried out on the small steel plates to obtain a martensite structure, and a laser thermal conductivity meter is adopted to test the thermal conductivity, specific heat and density of the martensite under different temperature conditions;
(33) and calculating the thermal conductivity, specific heat and density of the austenitic structure under different temperature conditions through software.
Further, in the step (4), the initial condition of the temperature of the steel plate is room temperature, the initial structure state of the steel plate is martensite, and the boundary conditions of the temperature of the steel plate comprise a heating rate, an austenitizing heat preservation temperature, heat preservation time and a cooling rate.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the method has the obvious advantages that the critical heating rate in the steel plate quenching process is confirmed by establishing the coupling model of the temperature field and the tissue field in the steel plate quenching process and repeatedly carrying out analog calculation, repeated experiments on the actually produced steel plate are not needed, the confirmation efficiency of the critical heating rate is improved, and the manufacturing cost of the product is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flowchart showing the determination of the critical heating rate of the quenching treatment of a steel sheet according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a drawing showing a finite element mesh division of a steel plate according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing a heat treatment profile employed in the present invention;
fig. 4 shows a temperature field (time t 178s) obtained in simulation at a heating rate of 5 ℃/s in the present invention;
fig. 5 shows a temperature field obtained in simulation at a heating rate of 2 ℃/s in the present invention (time t 445 s);
fig. 6 shows a temperature field (time t 890s) obtained in simulation at a heating rate of 1 deg.c/s in the present invention.
Detailed Description
Example 1
In this embodiment, a system for determining a critical heating rate of quenching treatment of a steel plate includes: the model establishing module is used for establishing a three-dimensional geometric model of a steel plate, the steel plate in the embodiment is a Q960 low-alloy ultrahigh-strength steel plate, the size of the steel plate is 15000mm multiplied by 2800mm multiplied by 10mm, the three-dimensional geometric model of the steel plate is subjected to grid division, and then a finite element model, namely a heat-tissue coupling model, of coupling of a temperature field and a tissue field in the quenching process of the steel plate is established; because the low-alloy ultrahigh-strength steel can generate phase change in the processes of temperature rise and temperature drop in the quenching process and can influence the temperature distribution, the temperature change and the phase change process are coupled, and the heat treatment process can be truly simulated.
The condition setting module is used for establishing a hot-structure property database of the steel plate, wherein the hot-structure property database comprises a CCT curve chart of the low-alloy ultrahigh-strength steel and the thermal conductivity, specific heat and density of each phase at different temperatures, and setting initial conditions and boundary conditions of temperature and structure in a hot-structure coupling model, wherein the initial temperature of the steel plate is room temperature, the initial structure state is martensite, and the temperature boundary conditions comprise the heating rate of the steel plate in the quenching process and the austenitizing heat preservation temperature;
the heating rate determining module is used for carrying out numerical solution on the thermal-tissue coupling finite element model according to the thermal-tissue performance database, the initial condition and the boundary condition of the temperature and the initial condition and the boundary condition of the tissue to obtain a temperature field and a tissue field evolution in the quenching process, obtaining the temperature of the inner center of the steel plate according to the obtained temperature field evolution and carrying out analysis and judgment on the temperature of the inner center of the steel plate; if the temperature at the center reaches the set heat preservation temperature, the heating rate at the moment is the critical heating rate; and if the temperature at the center does not reach the set heat preservation temperature, resetting the heating rate of the quenching process through the condition setting module.
Example 2
The method for determining the critical heating rate of the quenching treatment of the steel plate in the embodiment comprises the following steps of:
(1) establishing a three-dimensional geometric model of a steel plate by using Visual Mesh software, wherein the steel plate is a Q960 low-alloy ultrahigh-strength steel plate, and the size of the steel plate is 15000mm multiplied by 2800mm multiplied by 10 mm; as shown in fig. 2, Visual Mesh software is used for carrying out Mesh division on the three-dimensional geometric model of the steel plate to obtain a finite element Mesh model, wherein the 3D entity unit number is 16000, the 2D surface unit number is 1960, and the node number is 24723;
(2) the Sysweld software is adopted to establish a finite element model, namely a heat-tissue coupling model, of coupling of a temperature field and a tissue field in the quenching process of the steel plate, and the temperature distribution can be influenced because the low-alloy ultrahigh-strength steel can generate phase change in the heating and cooling processes in the quenching process, so that the temperature change and the phase change process are coupled, and the heat treatment process can be truly simulated. The thermal-tissue coupling model comprises a temperature field model formula and a tissue field model formula; the temperature field model formula is as follows:
wherein T is the temperature of the steel plate, T is time, lambda is the thermal conductivity of the steel plate, c is the specific heat of the steel plate, rho is the density of the steel plate, and Q is the latent heat of phase change; x, y, z are 3 directions of a cartesian coordinate system;
the tissue field model formula is as follows:
wherein, P (T) is the phase part of the new phase; peq(T) is the phase fraction of the new phase at equilibrium; τ (T) is the delay time for the old phase to change to the new phase; p (T), Peq(T), τ (T) is a function of temperature T;
for the generation coefficient of the phase to be generated,
the temperature change rate.
(3) Physical data of the steel plate in the steel plate quenching process are obtained through testing, relevant data are input based on the requirement of Sysweld software on the format of the database, a thermal-tissue performance database of the steel plate is established, and the chemical components of Q960 steel are shown in Table 1
TABLE 1Q 960 Steel chemical composition (wt.%)
The physical data of the steel plate in the steel plate quenching process are obtained specifically as follows:
(31) testing expansion curves of the steel plate at different cooling speeds, and establishing CCT curves at different cooling speeds by combining tissue and hardness;
(32) performing water quenching on a small Q960 steel plate to obtain a martensite structure, and testing the thermal conductivity, specific heat and density of the martensite at different temperatures (room temperature-1100 ℃) by adopting a laser thermal conductivity meter;
(33) calculating the thermal conductivity, specific heat and density of an austenite structure under different temperature conditions (room temperature to 1100 ℃) by JmatPro software;
(4) setting initial conditions and boundary conditions of temperature and structure in the thermal-structure coupling model, wherein the initial temperature of the steel plate is room temperature, and the initial structure state is martensite; in the temperature boundary conditions, as shown in fig. 3, the temperature of the nodes of the finite element units on six surfaces of the steel plate is defined, namely a temperature-time change curve, wherein the temperature boundary conditions comprise the heating rate (5 ℃/s) in the steel plate quenching process, the austenitizing heat preservation temperature (910 ℃), the heat preservation time (5min), the cooling rate (30 ℃/s) and the like;
(5) adopting a Sysweld solver to carry out numerical solution on the thermal-tissue coupling finite element model according to a thermal-tissue performance database, the initial condition and the boundary condition of the temperature and the initial condition and the boundary condition of the tissue to obtain a temperature field and a tissue field evolution in the quenching process;
(6) obtaining the temperature of the inner center of the steel plate at the heat preservation starting moment according to the temperature field evolution obtained in the step (5), and analyzing and judging the temperature of the inner center of the steel plate; if the temperature at the center reaches the set heat preservation temperature, the heating rate at the moment is the critical heating rate; and (5) if the temperature at the center does not reach the set holding temperature, resetting the heating rate of the quenching process, and repeatedly executing the steps (4) to (6) until the determination of the critical heating rate is finally completed. As shown in FIG. 4, when the heating rate is 5 ℃/s, the temperature at the center of the interior of the steel plate is 887 ℃ and does not reach the austenitizing heat preservation temperature of 910 ℃, the heating rate in the temperature boundary condition is reset, and the numerical solution is carried out on the thermal-tissue coupling finite element model. As shown in fig. 5, other conditions were not changed, and when the heating rate was 2 ℃/s, the temperature at the inner center of the steel sheet was 877 ℃ and did not reach the austenitizing holding temperature 910 ℃, and the heating rate in the temperature boundary condition was reset. As shown in FIG. 6, when the heating rate was 1 ℃/s, the temperature at the inner center of the steel sheet was 906 ℃ and almost reached the austenitizing holding temperature of 910 ℃ as shown in other conditions, so that the critical heating rate for quenching treatment of a Q960 steel sheet (size 15000 mm. times.2800 mm. times.10 mm) was 1 ℃/s.
The low-alloy ultrahigh-strength steel can generate phase change in the processes of temperature rise and temperature drop in the quenching process, the temperature distribution can be influenced, and the heat treatment process can be truly simulated only by coupling the temperature change with the phase change process; the established coupling model is subjected to repeated simulation calculation, so that the confirmation of the critical heating rate is realized, the design efficiency is improved, and the manufacturing cost of the product is reduced.
Claims (8)
1. A system for determining a critical heating rate for quenching a steel sheet, comprising:
the model establishing module is used for establishing a three-dimensional geometric model of the steel plate, carrying out grid division and then establishing a finite element model of coupling of a temperature field and a tissue field in the quenching process of the steel plate, namely a thermal-tissue coupling model;
the condition setting module is used for establishing a thermal-structure performance database of the steel plate and setting initial conditions and boundary conditions of temperature and structure in the thermal-structure coupling model, wherein the temperature boundary conditions comprise the heating rate of the steel plate in the quenching process and the austenitizing heat preservation temperature;
the heating rate determining module is used for carrying out numerical solution on the thermal-tissue coupling finite element model according to the thermal-tissue performance database, the initial condition and the boundary condition of the temperature and the initial condition and the boundary condition of the tissue to obtain a temperature field and a tissue field evolution in the quenching process, obtaining the temperature of the inner center of the steel plate according to the obtained temperature field evolution and carrying out analysis and judgment on the temperature of the inner center of the steel plate; if the temperature at the center reaches the set heat preservation temperature, the heating rate at the moment is the critical heating rate; and if the temperature at the center does not reach the set heat preservation temperature, resetting the heating rate of the quenching process through the condition setting module.
2. A method of determining a system according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
(1) establishing a three-dimensional geometric model of the steel plate, and performing grid division;
(2) establishing a finite element model of coupling of a temperature field and a tissue field in the steel plate quenching process, namely a thermal-tissue coupling model, which comprises a temperature field model formula and a tissue field model formula;
(3) physical data of the steel plate in the quenching process of the steel plate are obtained through testing, and a thermal-structural performance database of the steel plate is established;
(4) setting initial conditions and boundary conditions of a temperature field in a thermal-tissue coupling model and initial conditions of a tissue field, wherein the boundary conditions of the temperature field comprise the heating rate of a steel plate quenching process and the heat preservation temperature of austenitizing;
(5) according to the steel plate thermal-structure performance database, the initial conditions and boundary conditions of the temperature field and the initial conditions of the structure, carrying out numerical solution on the thermal-structure coupling finite element model to obtain the temperature field and structure field evolution in the quenching process;
(6) according to the temperature of the inner center of the steel plate at the heat preservation time obtained in the step (5), analyzing and judging the temperature of the inner center of the steel plate; if the temperature at the center reaches the set heat preservation temperature, the heating rate at the moment is the critical heating rate; and (5) if the temperature at the center does not reach the set holding temperature, resetting the heating rate of the quenching process, and repeatedly executing the steps (4) to (6) until the determination of the critical heating rate is finally completed.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the temperature field model in step (2) is formulated as:
wherein T is the temperature of the steel plate, T is time, lambda is the thermal conductivity of the steel plate, c is the specific heat of the steel plate, rho is the density of the steel plate, and Q is the latent heat of phase change; x, y, z are 3 directions of a cartesian coordinate system;
the tissue field model formula is as follows:
wherein, P (T) is the phase part of the new phase; peq(T) is the phase fraction of the new phase at equilibrium; τ (T) is the delay time for the old phase to change to the new phase;
for the generation coefficient of the phase to be generated,
the temperature change rate.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the hot-tissue property database in step (3) comprises CCT curves of the steel sheets and thermal conductivity, specific heat, density of each phase at different temperatures.
5. The determination method according to claim 4, wherein the step (3) of testing the physical data of the steel plate comprises the following specific steps:
(31) testing expansion curves of the steel plate at different cooling speeds, and establishing CCT curves at different cooling speeds by combining tissue and hardness;
(32) water quenching is carried out on the small steel plates to obtain a martensite structure, and a laser thermal conductivity meter is adopted to test the thermal conductivity, specific heat and density of the martensite under different temperature conditions;
(33) and calculating the thermal conductivity, specific heat and density of the austenitic structure under different temperature conditions through software.
6. The method for determining according to claim 2, wherein the initial condition of the temperature of the steel plate in the step (4) is room temperature, the initial structure state of the steel plate is martensite, and the boundary conditions of the temperature of the steel plate comprise a heating rate, an austenitizing holding temperature, a holding time and a cooling rate.
7. The method for determining according to any one of claims 2 to 6, wherein the steel sheet is a Q960 low-alloy ultrahigh-strength steel sheet.
8. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 6, wherein the steel plate has a size of 15000mm x 2800mm x 10 mm.
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