CN113642218B - Determination system and determination method for critical heating rate of steel plate quenching treatment - Google Patents
Determination system and determination method for critical heating rate of steel plate quenching treatment Download PDFInfo
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 128
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 128
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910000797 Ultra-high-strength steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006101 laboratory sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
- G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
- G06F30/23—Design optimisation, verification or simulation using finite element methods [FEM] or finite difference methods [FDM]
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
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- G06F2119/08—Thermal analysis or thermal optimisation
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Abstract
The invention discloses a determination system and a determination method for critical heating rate of steel plate quenching treatment, wherein the method comprises the steps of establishing a three-dimensional geometric model of a steel plate, establishing a finite element model of temperature field and tissue field coupling in the steel plate quenching process, solving the thermal-tissue coupling finite element model according to a steel plate thermal-tissue performance database, initial conditions and boundary conditions of temperature and tissue in the coupling model, judging whether the central temperature of the steel plate reaches the set heat preservation temperature at the heat preservation time or not, and obtaining the critical heating rate of the central temperature reaching the heat preservation temperature at the heat preservation time in the steel plate quenching process by resetting the heating rate in the boundary conditions. By establishing a coupling model of a temperature field and a tissue field in the steel plate quenching process and repeatedly simulating and calculating, the critical heating rate in the steel plate quenching process is confirmed, repeated experiments on the actually produced steel plate are not needed, the confirming efficiency of the critical heating rate is improved, and the manufacturing cost of products is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to metal material heat treatment, in particular to a system and a method for determining critical heating rate of steel plate quenching treatment.
Background
In order to improve the mechanical properties of the low alloy, ultra-high strength steel sheet in the rolled state, it is generally necessary to quench the steel sheet after rolling. Along with the requirements of energy conservation and emission reduction and cost reduction of enterprises, the heat treatment time is reduced as much as possible on the premise of ensuring the performance of the low-alloy ultrahigh-strength steel plate, and the heat treatment time becomes a concern of manufacturing enterprises. The quenching process comprises three processes of heating, heat preservation and cooling, wherein the steel plate is heated to a certain austenitizing temperature and then is subjected to heat preservation, so that the steel plate is fully austenitized, and then the steel plate is cooled by a quenching medium, so that the required microstructure and mechanical properties are obtained. The cooling process is that the steel plate is cooled by spraying water through a water curtain, so that the influence of the reduction treatment time on the reduction of energy consumption is small. Therefore, reducing the heat treatment time by setting an appropriate temperature rising rate is an important way to reduce the production energy consumption and the manufacturing cost.
Currently, the rate of heating is established by small samples in the laboratory. However, the steel plate is large in size in actual production, and the temperature rising rate established by small laboratory samples cannot be completely copied into actual production. If experiments are carried out on the actually produced steel plates, the dimensional accuracy and mechanical properties of the steel plates are difficult to ensure after repeated heating and cooling treatment, the cost is high, the experimental workload is large, the period is long, and the development progress of products is influenced. Therefore, how to formulate a suitable heating rate (i.e., critical heating rate) becomes a difficult problem for manufacturing sites.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: in view of the above disadvantages, the present invention provides a system for determining a critical heating rate of a quenching process of a steel sheet without performing an experiment of repeated heating and cooling processes on an actually produced steel sheet.
The invention also provides a method for determining the critical heating rate of the quenching treatment of the steel plate.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to solve the above problems, the present invention adopts a system for determining critical heating rate of quenching treatment of steel plate, comprising: the model building module is used for building a three-dimensional geometric model of the steel plate, performing grid division, and then building a finite element model of temperature field and tissue field coupling in the quenching process of the steel plate, namely a heat-tissue coupling model;
the condition setting module is used for establishing a thermal-structure performance database of the steel plate, and setting initial conditions and boundary conditions of temperature and structure in the thermal-structure coupling model, wherein the temperature boundary conditions comprise heating rate in the quenching process of the steel plate and austenitizing heat preservation temperature;
the heating rate determining module is used for carrying out numerical solution on the thermal-tissue coupling finite element model according to the thermal-tissue performance database, the initial conditions and boundary conditions of the temperature, the initial conditions and boundary conditions of the tissue to obtain a temperature field and tissue field evolution in the quenching process, obtaining the temperature at the inner center of the steel plate according to the obtained temperature field evolution, and analyzing and judging the temperature at the inner center of the steel plate; if the temperature at the center reaches the set heat preservation temperature, the heating rate at the moment is the critical heating rate; if the temperature at the center does not reach the set heat preservation temperature, resetting the heating rate of the quenching process through the condition setting module.
The invention also adopts a method for determining the critical heating rate of the quenching treatment of the steel plate, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Establishing a three-dimensional geometric model of the steel plate, and carrying out grid division;
(2) Establishing a finite element model of temperature field and tissue field coupling in the quenching process of the steel plate, namely a thermal-tissue coupling model, wherein the finite element model comprises a temperature field model formula and a tissue field model formula;
(3) Obtaining physical data of the steel plate in the quenching process of the steel plate through testing, and establishing a thermal-structural performance database of the steel plate;
(4) Setting initial conditions and boundary conditions of a temperature field in a thermal-tissue coupling model and initial conditions of a tissue field, wherein the boundary conditions of the temperature field comprise heating rate of a steel plate quenching process and austenitizing heat preservation temperature;
(5) Carrying out numerical solution on the thermal-tissue coupling finite element model according to a steel plate thermal-tissue performance database, initial conditions and boundary conditions of a temperature field and initial conditions of a tissue to obtain the temperature field and tissue field evolution of the quenching process;
(6) Obtaining the temperature at the inner center of the steel plate at the heat preservation time according to the step (5), and analyzing and judging the temperature at the inner center of the steel plate; if the temperature at the center reaches the set heat preservation temperature, the heating rate at the moment is the critical heating rate; if the temperature at the center does not reach the set heat preservation temperature, resetting the heating rate of the quenching process, and repeating the steps (4) - (6) until the determination of the critical heating rate is finally completed.
Further, the temperature field model formula in the step (2) is as follows:
wherein T is the temperature of the steel plate, T is the time, lambda is the heat conductivity of the steel plate, c is the specific heat of the steel plate, rho is the density of the steel plate, and Q is the latent heat of transformation; x, y, z are 3 directions of a Cartesian coordinate system;
the tissue field model formula is:
wherein P (T) is the fraction of the new phase; p (P) eq (T) is the fraction of the new phase under equilibrium conditions; τ (T) is the delay time for the old phase to transition to the new phase;for the generation coefficient of the phase ∈ ->Is the rate of change of temperature.
Further, the thermal-structural property database in the step (3) comprises a CCT curve of the steel plate and the thermal conductivity, specific heat and density of each phase at different temperatures.
Further, the specific step of testing the physical data of the steel plate in the step (3) comprises the following steps:
(31) Testing expansion curves of the steel plate at different cooling speeds, and establishing CCT curves at different cooling speeds by combining the tissues and the hardness;
(32) Carrying out water quenching on the small steel plate to obtain a martensitic structure, and testing the heat conductivity, specific heat and density of the martensite under different temperature conditions by adopting a laser thermal conductivity meter;
(33) And calculating the thermal conductivity, specific heat and density of the austenitic structure under different temperature conditions through software.
Further, in the step (4), the initial condition of the temperature of the steel plate is room temperature, the initial structure state of the steel plate is martensite, and the boundary condition of the temperature of the steel plate comprises a heating rate, an austenitizing heat preservation temperature, a heat preservation time and a cooling rate.
The beneficial effects are that: compared with the prior art, the method has the remarkable advantages that the critical heating rate in the steel plate quenching process is confirmed by establishing the coupling model of the temperature field and the tissue field in the steel plate quenching process and repeatedly performing simulation calculation, repeated experiments on the actually produced steel plate are not needed, the confirmation efficiency of the critical heating rate is improved, and the manufacturing cost of the product is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart showing the determination of critical heating rate for quenching treatment of steel sheet according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a finite element mesh division diagram of a steel plate according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a heat treatment curve employed in the present invention;
fig. 4 shows the simulated temperature field (time t=178 s) obtained at a heating rate of 5 ℃/s according to the invention;
fig. 5 shows the temperature field obtained by simulation at a heating rate of 2 ℃/s (time t=445 s) according to the invention;
fig. 6 shows the temperature field obtained by simulation at a heating rate of 1 ℃/s (time t=890 s) according to the invention.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The system for determining the critical heating rate of the quenching treatment of the steel plate in the embodiment comprises the following components: the model building module is used for building a three-dimensional geometric model of the steel plate, wherein the steel plate in the embodiment is a Q960 low-alloy ultrahigh-strength steel plate, the size of the steel plate is 15000mm multiplied by 2800mm multiplied by 10mm, the three-dimensional geometric model of the steel plate is subjected to grid division, and then a finite element model of temperature field and tissue field coupling in the steel plate quenching process, namely a heat-tissue coupling model is built; because the low-alloy ultrahigh-strength steel can undergo phase change in the heating and cooling processes in the quenching process and can influence the temperature distribution, the temperature change and the phase change process are coupled, and the heat treatment process can be truly simulated.
The condition setting module is used for establishing a thermal-structural performance database of the steel plate, wherein the thermal-structural performance database comprises a CCT curve graph of low-alloy ultrahigh-strength steel and heat conductivity, specific heat and density of each phase at different temperatures, initial conditions and boundary conditions of temperature and structure in a thermal-structural coupling model are set, the initial temperature of the steel plate is room temperature, the initial structural state is martensite, and the temperature boundary conditions comprise heating rate in the quenching process of the steel plate and austenitizing heat preservation temperature;
the heating rate determining module is used for carrying out numerical solution on the thermal-tissue coupling finite element model according to the thermal-tissue performance database, the initial conditions and boundary conditions of the temperature, the initial conditions and boundary conditions of the tissue to obtain a temperature field and tissue field evolution in the quenching process, obtaining the temperature at the inner center of the steel plate according to the obtained temperature field evolution, and analyzing and judging the temperature at the inner center of the steel plate; if the temperature at the center reaches the set heat preservation temperature, the heating rate at the moment is the critical heating rate; if the temperature at the center does not reach the set heat preservation temperature, resetting the heating rate of the quenching process through the condition setting module.
Example 2
The method for determining the critical heating rate of the quenching treatment of the steel plate in the embodiment comprises the following steps:
(1) Establishing a three-dimensional geometric model of the steel plate by using Visual Mesh software, wherein in the embodiment, the steel plate is a Q960 low-alloy ultrahigh-strength steel plate, and the size of the steel plate is 15000mm multiplied by 2800mm multiplied by 10mm; as shown in fig. 2, the three-dimensional geometric model of the steel plate is subjected to grid division by Visual Mesh software to obtain a finite element grid model, wherein the number of 3D entity units is 16000,2D, the number of units is 16960, and the number of nodes is 24723;
(2) The finite element model of the temperature field and the tissue field coupling in the quenching process of the steel plate, namely the heat-tissue coupling model, is established by adopting Syxhold software, and because the low-alloy ultrahigh-strength steel can generate phase change in the heating and cooling processes in the quenching process, the temperature distribution can be influenced, and therefore, the heat treatment process can be truly simulated by coupling the temperature change with the phase change process. The thermal-tissue coupling model comprises a temperature field model formula and a tissue field model formula; the temperature field model formula is:
wherein T is the temperature of the steel plate, T is the time, lambda is the heat conductivity of the steel plate, c is the specific heat of the steel plate, rho is the density of the steel plate, and Q is the latent heat of transformation; x, y, z are 3 directions of a Cartesian coordinate system;
the tissue field model formula is:
wherein P (T) is the fraction of the new phase; p (P) eq (T) is the fraction of the new phase under equilibrium conditions; τ (T) is the delay time for the old phase to transition to the new phase; p (T), P eq (T), τ (T) is a function of temperature T;for the generation coefficient of the phase ∈ ->Is the rate of change of temperature.
(3) Physical data of the steel plate in the quenching process of the steel plate are obtained through testing, relevant data are input based on the requirements of Syxwell software on the format of the database, a thermal-structural performance database of the steel plate is built, and the Q960 steel chemical composition is shown in a table 1
Table 1 chemical composition (wt.%) of Q960 steel
The physical data of the steel plate in the quenching process of the steel plate are specifically obtained as follows:
(31) Testing expansion curves of the steel plate at different cooling speeds, and establishing CCT curves at different cooling speeds by combining the tissues and the hardness;
(32) Carrying out water quenching on the small Q960 steel plate to obtain a martensitic structure, and testing the heat conductivity, specific heat and density of the martensite under the conditions of different temperatures (room temperature-1100 ℃) by adopting a laser thermal conductivity meter;
(33) Calculating the heat conductivity, specific heat and density of an austenite structure under different temperature (room temperature-1100 ℃) conditions through the JMATPro software;
(4) Setting initial conditions and boundary conditions of temperature and tissue in a thermal-tissue coupling model, wherein the initial temperature of a steel plate is room temperature, and the initial tissue state is martensite; in the temperature boundary conditions, as shown in fig. 3, the temperatures of six surface finite element unit nodes of the steel plate are defined, namely a temperature-time change curve, wherein the temperature boundary conditions comprise a heating rate (5 ℃/s) in the steel plate quenching process, an austenitizing heat preservation temperature (910 ℃) and heat preservation time (5 min), a cooling rate (30 ℃/s) and the like;
(5) Carrying out numerical solution on the thermal-tissue coupling finite element model by adopting a Syxhold solver according to a thermal-tissue performance database, initial conditions and boundary conditions of temperature, initial conditions and boundary conditions of tissue, and obtaining a temperature field and tissue field evolution in the quenching process;
(6) Obtaining the temperature at the center of the interior of the steel plate at the moment of starting heat preservation according to the evolution of the temperature field obtained in the step (5), and analyzing and judging the temperature at the center of the interior of the steel plate; if the temperature at the center reaches the set heat preservation temperature, the heating rate at the moment is the critical heating rate; if the temperature at the center does not reach the set heat preservation temperature, resetting the heating rate of the quenching process, and repeating the steps (4) - (6) until the determination of the critical heating rate is finally completed. As shown in fig. 4, when the heating rate is 5 ℃/s, the temperature at the inner center of the steel plate is 887 ℃ and does not reach the austenitizing heat preservation temperature of 910 ℃, the heating rate in the temperature boundary condition is reset, and the numerical solution is performed on the thermal-tissue coupled finite element model. As shown in fig. 5, other conditions were not changed, and when the heating rate was 2 ℃/s, the temperature at the inner center of the steel sheet was 877 ℃ and did not reach the austenitizing heat retaining temperature of 910 ℃, and the heating rate in the temperature boundary conditions was reset. As shown in FIG. 6, the other conditions were not changed, and when the heating rate was 1 ℃ C./s, the temperature at the inner center of the steel sheet was 906 ℃ C. And reached almost to the austenitizing heat retaining temperature of 910 ℃ C., so that it was confirmed that the critical heating rate for the quenching treatment of the Q960 steel sheet (size 15000 mm. Times.2800 mm. Times.10 mm) was 1 ℃ C./s.
The low-alloy ultrahigh-strength steel can undergo phase change in the heating and cooling processes in the quenching process, so that the temperature distribution can be influenced, and the heat treatment process can be truly simulated by coupling the temperature change with the phase change process; through repeated simulation calculation of the established coupling model, the critical heating rate is confirmed, the design efficiency is improved, and the manufacturing cost of the product is reduced.
Claims (7)
1. A system for determining a critical heating rate for a quenching process of a steel sheet, comprising:
the model building module is used for building a three-dimensional geometric model of the steel plate, performing grid division, and then building a finite element model of temperature field and tissue field coupling in the quenching process of the steel plate, namely a thermal-tissue coupling model, wherein the thermal-tissue coupling model comprises a temperature field model formula and a tissue field model formula;
the temperature field model formula is:
wherein T is the temperature of the steel plate, T is the time, lambda is the heat conductivity of the steel plate, c is the specific heat of the steel plate, rho is the density of the steel plate, and Q is the latent heat of transformation; x, y, z are 3 directions of a Cartesian coordinate system;
the tissue field model formula is:
wherein P (T) is the fraction of the new phase; p (P) eq (T) is the fraction of the new phase under equilibrium conditions; τ (T) is the delay time for the old phase to transition to the new phase;for the generation coefficient of the phase ∈ ->Is the rate of change of temperature;
the condition setting module is used for establishing a thermal-structure performance database of the steel plate, and setting initial conditions and boundary conditions of temperature and structure in the thermal-structure coupling model, wherein the temperature boundary conditions comprise heating rate in the quenching process of the steel plate and austenitizing heat preservation temperature;
the heating rate determining module is used for carrying out numerical solution on the thermal-tissue coupling finite element model according to the thermal-tissue performance database, the initial conditions and boundary conditions of the temperature, the initial conditions and boundary conditions of the tissue to obtain a temperature field and tissue field evolution in the quenching process, obtaining the temperature at the inner center of the steel plate according to the obtained temperature field evolution, and analyzing and judging the temperature at the inner center of the steel plate; if the temperature at the center reaches the set heat preservation temperature, the heating rate at the moment is the critical heating rate; if the temperature at the center does not reach the set heat preservation temperature, resetting the heating rate of the quenching process through the condition setting module.
2. A method of determining a determination system according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
(1) Establishing a three-dimensional geometric model of the steel plate, and carrying out grid division;
(2) Establishing a finite element model of temperature field and tissue field coupling in the quenching process of the steel plate, namely a thermal-tissue coupling model, wherein the finite element model comprises a temperature field model formula and a tissue field model formula;
the temperature field model formula is:
wherein T is the temperature of the steel plate, T is the time, lambda is the heat conductivity of the steel plate, c is the specific heat of the steel plate, rho is the density of the steel plate, and Q is the latent heat of transformation; x, y, z are 3 directions of a Cartesian coordinate system;
the tissue field model formula is:
wherein P (T) is the fraction of the new phase; p (P) eq (T) is the fraction of the new phase under equilibrium conditions; τ (T) is the delay time for the old phase to transition to the new phase;for the generation coefficient of the phase ∈ ->Is the rate of change of temperature;
(3) Obtaining physical data of the steel plate in the quenching process of the steel plate through testing, and establishing a thermal-structural performance database of the steel plate;
(4) Setting initial conditions and boundary conditions of a temperature field in a thermal-tissue coupling model and initial conditions of a tissue field, wherein the boundary conditions of the temperature field comprise heating rate of a steel plate quenching process and austenitizing heat preservation temperature;
(5) Carrying out numerical solution on the thermal-tissue coupling finite element model according to a steel plate thermal-tissue performance database, initial conditions and boundary conditions of a temperature field and initial conditions of a tissue to obtain the temperature field and tissue field evolution of the quenching process;
(6) Obtaining the temperature at the inner center of the steel plate at the heat preservation time according to the step (5), and analyzing and judging the temperature at the inner center of the steel plate; if the temperature at the center reaches the set heat preservation temperature, the heating rate at the moment is the critical heating rate; if the temperature at the center does not reach the set heat preservation temperature, resetting the heating rate of the quenching process, and repeating the steps (4) - (6) until the determination of the critical heating rate is finally completed.
3. The method of determining according to claim 2, wherein the medium-texture property database in step (3) includes CCT curves of steel plates and thermal conductivity, specific heat, density of each phase at different temperatures.
4. A method of determining as claimed in claim 3 wherein the step (3) of testing the physical data of the steel sheet comprises:
(31) Testing expansion curves of the steel plate at different cooling speeds, and establishing CCT curves at different cooling speeds by combining the tissues and the hardness;
(32) Carrying out water quenching on the small steel plate to obtain a martensitic structure, and testing the heat conductivity, specific heat and density of the martensite under different temperature conditions by adopting a laser thermal conductivity meter;
(33) And calculating the thermal conductivity, specific heat and density of the austenitic structure under different temperature conditions through software.
5. The method according to claim 2, wherein the initial condition of the steel sheet temperature in the step (4) is room temperature, the initial structure state of the steel sheet is martensite, and the boundary condition of the steel sheet temperature includes a heating rate, an austenitizing holding temperature, a holding time, and a cooling rate.
6. The method of any one of claims 2 to 5, wherein the steel sheet is a Q960 low alloy ultra high strength steel sheet.
7. The method of determining according to any one of claims 2 to 5, wherein the steel plate has dimensions of 15000mm x 2800mm x 10mm.
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