CN105653770A - Prediction method of continuous induction quenching hardening layer depth - Google Patents
Prediction method of continuous induction quenching hardening layer depth Download PDFInfo
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- CN105653770A CN105653770A CN201510993262.7A CN201510993262A CN105653770A CN 105653770 A CN105653770 A CN 105653770A CN 201510993262 A CN201510993262 A CN 201510993262A CN 105653770 A CN105653770 A CN 105653770A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a prediction method of continuous induction quenching hardening layer depth. The prediction method comprises the following steps by finite element analysis software ANSYS: determining the induction quenching condition of a workpiece; through an APDL (Ansys Parametric Design Language) to compile a program to finish the modeling of the workpiece, applying load and a boundary constraint condition according to a practical working condition, and solving to obtain the temperature fields of a continuous induction quenching workpiece at different moments of an inductor; and according to the distribution of the temperature fields, judging the hardening layer depth, and utilizing a Maynier structure prediction model and a hardness formula to carry out verification. According to a practical workpiece type and equipment parameters, a model and a constriction condition are revised, the workload of the continuous induction quenching experiment of the workpiece can be greatly reduced, analysis efficiency is improved, and production test cost is lowered.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the Forecasting Methodology of a kind of continuous induction hardening depth of hardening zone, particularly relate to the Forecasting Methodology of a kind of continuous induction hardening depth of hardening zone based on ANSYS.
Background technology
Induction quenching thermal treatment has the advantages such as high quality, high-level efficiency and clean environment firendly. Continuous induction hardening is the process of a rapid heating and cooling, relates to the complex process of electromagnetic induction, thermal conduction, thermal convection and phase transformation. In continuous induction hardening process, workpiece is heated by inductor block top, and the cooling fluid of bottom is while cool workpiece. Heating and cooling hocket and make continuous induction hardening more complicated than static inducting quenching process. In order to make workpiece be met the requirements such as the surface hardness of requirement, depth of hardening zone and tissue, it is necessary to each parameter in continuous induction hardening process is strictly controlled.
Adopt numerical simulation technology continuous induction hardening process to be analyzed, predict depth of hardening zone by temperature field, it is possible to effectively solve the problems such as the time-consuming and high cost that traditional material heat treatment brought by a kind of good technique of a large amount of experiment sieving.
Summary of the invention
It is lower that technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of cost, and analysis efficiency and the higher continuous induction hardening Prediction of Hardened Depth method of tolerance range.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention provides the Forecasting Methodology of a kind of continuous induction hardening depth of hardening zone, it is characterised in that, its method utilizes finite element analysis software ANSYS to carry out according to following step:
Step one: the quenching conditions determining practical work piece, described quenching conditions at least comprises: the size of continuous induction hardening processing parameter, workpiece and inductor block and material, envrionment temperature and cooling conditions;
Step 2: complete the modeling to practical work piece by APDL language compilation program in finite element analysis software ANSYS, definition correlation unit, for different unit distributive property, divide finite element grid, and according to the operating mode applied load of actual continuous induction hardening and edge-restraint condition;
Step 3: adopt physical environment method that electromagnetic field and hot field are set up different physical environments is that unit distributes different attributes and carries out the hot bidirectional couple of electromagnetism and calculate in the heating and cooling stage;
Step 4: solve and show that continuous induction hardening workpiece is through inductor block not temperature field in the same time, judges depth of hardening zone according to thermo parameters method;
Step 5: according to Maynier microstructure Prediction model and hardness formula, the hardness value at workpiece different depths place is carried out matching, and be analyzed with the depth of hardening zone drawn by temperature field.
Compared with prior art, the useful effect of the present invention is:
The present invention adopts finite element analysis software ANSYS to predict continuous induction hardening depth of hardening zone, order is write with Parametric Design Language APDL, model and load can be revised according to actual condition, test work amount can be greatly reduced under the prerequisite guaranteeing certain tolerance range, reduce production test cost.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schema of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is axial workpiece continuous induction hardening schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is the finite element model set up in the present embodiment;
Fig. 4 is that workpiece heating region each position terminates the degree of depth corresponding to moment three temperature at induction heating;
Fig. 5 is workpiece heating region each position in the water spray start time degree of depth corresponding to three temperature;
Fig. 6 is that workpiece heating region each position terminates the degree of depth corresponding to moment three temperature at water spray;
Fig. 7 hardness value that to be workpiece symmetry axis go out at the radial temperature profile curve of water spray start time and Maynier model-fitting.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is described in further details.
See Fig. 1, the present invention is the Forecasting Methodology of a kind of continuous induction hardening depth of hardening zone, and its concrete grammar comprises successively:
Step (1): the technical requirements determining workpiece, adopts APDL to write order;
Step (2): set up finite element model in ANSYS according to actual continuous induction hardening operating mode, comprising: the distance between the size of workpiece and inductor block, the convective heat exchange condition of workpiece, workpiece and inductor block, air field;
Step (3): definition unit attribute, selects two dimension coupled field solid element PLANE13 in electromagnetic field physical environment file, and definition associated materials attribute, comprising: the relative magnetic permeability of inductor block and workpiece, the density of material of workpiece, heating specific heat capacityc 1, resistivityr; Then solid model being carried out stress and strain model, ensureing under the prerequisite calculating precision, consider that the impact of surface action is relatively thin by workpiece surface stress and strain model computing time to save, heart portion is thicker; Hot field physical environment file is selected the two-dimentional 4 hot solid element PLANE55 of node, the definition coefficient of heat transferh, thermal conductivityk, cooling specific heat capacityc 2;
Step (4): apply moving heat source and thermal convection constraint and final condition according to the operating mode of actual continuous induction hardening, wherein at least comprise: induction heating current, induction heating frequency, workpiece movable speed, cooling fluid kind and pressure, envrionment temperature etc.; The equivalent specific heat of definition workpiece in heating and cooling phase transformation situation holds, and adopts physical environment method to complete the Coupling in magnetic field, temperature field;
Step (5): complete by calculation result, the calculating of workpiece through inductor block not corresponding zone temperature in the same time is derived the radial temperature profile curve that workpiece induction quenching region different positions is in three crucial moments (namely induction heating terminates moment, water spray start time and water spray end moment) according to the calculation result of step (4);
Step (6): according to workpiece material corresponding, value select suitable complete austenitizing, start austenitizing temperature and medium temperature, feature in conjunction with induction heating quick heating adds certain difference in former temperature, then judges in step (5), by temperature curve, the degree of depth that three temperature in the same time are not corresponding;
Step (7): utilize Maynier(Mei Nier according to the cooling rate at different workpieces degree of depth place) microstructure Prediction model and hardness formula obtain tissue and the hardness value of its correspondence, are that judgment standard draws the moment finally judging depth of hardening zone taking 450HV;
Step (8): select different induction heating technology parameters again to carry out coupling analysis according to step (1) to step (7), show that different continuous induction hardening processing parameter is on the impact of workpiece depth of hardening zone.
For elaborating the technical scheme of the present invention, see Fig. 2-Fig. 7, the present embodiment utilizes ANSYS finite element analysis software 45 steel optical axis continuous induction hardening depths of hardening zone to be predicted, comprises the following steps:
Step one: determine continuous induction hardening condition: induction heating frequencyf=195kHz, workpiece movable speedv=300mm/min, current densityJs=650��106A/m2; Workpiece is diameter��=16mm, length isl 0The optical axis of=160mm; Inductor block internal diameter is��=21mm, is highlyh=15mm; Induction quenching region is about workpiece symmetry axis symmetryl mThe part of=60mm;
Step 2: the movement of workpiece is treated to the relative movement that inductor block applies thermal source, two-dimensional model is set up with the 1/2 of axisymmetric workpiece, inductor block carries out modeling with skin depth, inductor block is carried out through path Dummy modeling, consider the gap between workpiece and inductor block simultaneously, and air field around. When workpiece laterally divides, surface is closeer, and heart portion is relatively thick, and workpiece and the longitudinal dividing precision of inductor block are 0.25mm; Air field adopts the mode freely divided. As shown in Figure 2, wherein A1 district is workpiece to model, and A2 district is the virtual path of inductor block process, and A3 is air field;
Step 3: write electromagnetic field physical environment file, the density of definition two dimension coupled field solid element PLANE13 and material, magnetic permeability at different temperatures, heating specific heat capacityc 1, resistivityr; Write hot field physical environment file, define hot solid element PLANE55, definition envrionment temperature T0, workpiece thermal conductivityk, convection transfer ratehAnd cooling phase-change specific heat capacityc 2;
Step 4: read in electromagnetic field file, using electromagnetic field result file as load applying on each node, enters electromagnetism thermal coupling and solves process and carry out solving of temperature field; Again temperature results file is read in electromagnetic field file and carry out electromagnetic field analysis, circulate with this and carry out until whole quenching process terminates;
Step 5: read solution of Temperature result, derives not workpiece radial temperature profile curve in the same time;
Step 6: material 45 steel, value be respectively 778 DEG C, 721 DEG C, owing to the induction heating time is short, need more overheated than normal quenching 30 ~ 50 DEG C to meet completely, start austenitizing, so 45 steel induction quenchings take full austenite temperature 820 DEG C, exceeding this temperature quench cooled is 100% martensitic stucture (M), corresponding quench-hardened case completely; Start austenitizing temperature 760 DEG C, be all the tissue before material processing lower than this temperature, correspondence quench-hardened case; Complete austenitizing and beginning austenitizing medium temperature are 790 DEG C, and quenching herein produces 50%M tissue, and corresponding effective quench-hardened case, therefore can judge depth of hardening zone by the temperature curve that step 5 derives;
Step 7: judge that workpiece induction quenching region each position terminates moment, water spray start time and water spray at induction heating and terminates the degree of depth corresponding to moment three temperature by radial temperature profile curve, wherein terminate the corresponding degree of depth of moment three temperature at induction heating and it is respectively 1.95mm, 2.45mm, 2.95mm, water spray start time, the corresponding degree of depth was 1.80mm, 2.62mm, 3.34mm, and it is 1.35mm, 2.58mm, 3.48mm that water spray terminates the moment corresponding degree of depth;
Step 8: the cooling rate solving different depths place on workpiece symmetry axis, the hardness gone out according to Maynier microstructure Prediction model and hardness formula fitting carries out contrasting draw the to spray water start time corresponding degree of depth and predicts that continuous induction hardening depth of hardening zone is feasible with the radial temperature profile curve of workpiece symmetry axis three moment, can judge in this embodiment that the complete depth of hardening zone of workpiece be 1.80mm, effective depth of hardening be 2.62mm and depth of hardening zone is 3.34mm.
The foregoing is only the better embodiment of the present invention; protection scope of the present invention is not limited with above-mentioned embodiment party's formula; in every case those of ordinary skill in the art modify or change according to the equivalence that disclosed content is done, and all should include in claim book in the protection domain recorded.
Claims (7)
1. the Forecasting Methodology of a continuous induction hardening depth of hardening zone, it is characterised in that, its method utilizes finite element analysis software ANSYS to carry out according to following step:
Step one: the quenching conditions determining practical work piece, described quenching conditions at least comprises: the size of continuous induction hardening processing parameter, workpiece and inductor block and material, envrionment temperature and cooling conditions;
Step 2: complete the modeling to practical work piece by APDL language compilation program in finite element analysis software ANSYS, definition correlation unit, for different unit distributive property, divide finite element grid, and according to the operating mode applied load of actual continuous induction hardening and edge-restraint condition;
Step 3: adopt physical environment method that electromagnetic field and hot field are set up different physical environments is that unit distributes different attributes and carries out the hot bidirectional couple of electromagnetism and calculate in the heating and cooling stage;
Step 4: solve and show that continuous induction hardening workpiece is through inductor block not temperature field in the same time, judges depth of hardening zone according to thermo parameters method;
Step 5: utilize Maynier microstructure Prediction model and hardness formula to obtain tissue and the hardness value of its correspondence according to the cooling rate at different workpieces degree of depth place, draws the moment finally judging depth of hardening zone by judgment standard of the hardness that sets;
Step 6: select different induction heating technology parameters again to carry out coupling analysis according to step one to step 5, show that different continuous induction hardening processing parameter is on the impact of workpiece depth of hardening zone.
2. the Forecasting Methodology of continuous induction hardening depth of hardening zone according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described step 2, definition correlation unit, for different unit distributive property is specially: select two dimension coupled field solid element PLANE13 in electromagnetic field physical environment file, definition associated materials attribute, comprising: the relative magnetic permeability of inductor block and workpiece, the density of material of workpiece, heating specific heat capacityc 1, resistivityr; Then divide finite element grid, then solid model is carried out stress and strain model, ensureing that, under the prerequisite calculating precision, workpiece surface stress and strain model is thin, and heart portion is thick; Hot field physical environment file is selected the two-dimentional 4 hot solid element PLANE55 of node, the definition coefficient of heat transferh, thermal conductivityk, cooling specific heat capacityc 2��
3. the Forecasting Methodology of continuous induction hardening depth of hardening zone according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that, in described step 2, operating mode according to actual continuous induction hardening applies moving heat source and thermal convection constraint and final condition, wherein at least comprises: induction heating current, induction heating frequency, workpiece movable speed, cooling fluid kind and pressure, envrionment temperature.
4. the Forecasting Methodology of continuous induction hardening depth of hardening zone according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described step 3, the equivalent specific heat of definition workpiece in heating and cooling phase transformation situation holds, and adopts physical environment method to complete the Coupling in magnetic field, temperature field.
5. the Forecasting Methodology of continuous induction hardening depth of hardening zone according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, in described step 4, solve and show that continuous induction hardening workpiece at the concrete grammar through inductor block not temperature field is in the same time: complete the calculating of workpiece through inductor block not corresponding zone temperature in the same time according to the hot bidirectional couple calculation result of the electromagnetism of step 3, the radial temperature profile curve that workpiece induction quenching region different positions is in three crucial moments is derived by calculation result, described three crucial moments are that induction heating terminates the moment, water spray start time and water spray terminate the moment.
6. the Forecasting Methodology of continuous induction hardening depth of hardening zone according to claim 5, it is characterised in that, in described step 4, judge that according to thermo parameters method the concrete grammar of depth of hardening zone is; According to workpiece material corresponding, value select complete austenitizing, start austenitizing temperature and medium temperature, feature in conjunction with induction heating quick heating adds certain difference in former temperature, then judges, by temperature curve, the degree of depth that three temperature at described three crucial moments are corresponding.
7. the Forecasting Methodology of continuous induction hardening depth of hardening zone according to claim 5, it is characterised in that, in described step 5, the hardness of setting is 450HV is judgment standard.
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| CN107245557A (en) * | 2017-06-21 | 2017-10-13 | 河海大学常州校区 | Hardened layer tissue and hardness method based on TTT curve prediction shaft member impewdance matchings |
| CN107245552A (en) * | 2017-06-21 | 2017-10-13 | 河海大学常州校区 | Hardened layer tissue and hardness method based on CCT curve prediction shaft member impewdance matching |
| CN107907566A (en) * | 2017-12-11 | 2018-04-13 | 中钢集团邢台机械轧辊有限公司 | A kind of test method for predicting metal material laser hardening depth |
| CN112084603A (en) * | 2020-09-17 | 2020-12-15 | 泰尔重工股份有限公司 | Method for acquiring quenching and heating technological parameters of heavy-load universal shaft fork head |
| CN114891995A (en) * | 2022-05-20 | 2022-08-12 | 西安必盛激光科技有限公司 | Method for dynamically controlling laser quenching parameters |
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Cited By (6)
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| CN107245557A (en) * | 2017-06-21 | 2017-10-13 | 河海大学常州校区 | Hardened layer tissue and hardness method based on TTT curve prediction shaft member impewdance matchings |
| CN107245552A (en) * | 2017-06-21 | 2017-10-13 | 河海大学常州校区 | Hardened layer tissue and hardness method based on CCT curve prediction shaft member impewdance matching |
| CN107907566A (en) * | 2017-12-11 | 2018-04-13 | 中钢集团邢台机械轧辊有限公司 | A kind of test method for predicting metal material laser hardening depth |
| CN112084603A (en) * | 2020-09-17 | 2020-12-15 | 泰尔重工股份有限公司 | Method for acquiring quenching and heating technological parameters of heavy-load universal shaft fork head |
| CN114891995A (en) * | 2022-05-20 | 2022-08-12 | 西安必盛激光科技有限公司 | Method for dynamically controlling laser quenching parameters |
| CN114891995B (en) * | 2022-05-20 | 2024-03-15 | 西安必盛激光科技有限公司 | Method for dynamically controlling laser quenching parameters |
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