CN112082869B - Simple concrete early plastic stretching experimental device - Google Patents
Simple concrete early plastic stretching experimental device Download PDFInfo
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- CN112082869B CN112082869B CN202011053814.3A CN202011053814A CN112082869B CN 112082869 B CN112082869 B CN 112082869B CN 202011053814 A CN202011053814 A CN 202011053814A CN 112082869 B CN112082869 B CN 112082869B
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- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 abstract description 17
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0017—Tensile
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of tensile testing machines, and particularly relates to a simple early plastic tensile testing device for concrete. According to the invention, the control speed of the stepping motor is controlled by the motor controller, then the speed is reduced and the moment is increased by the speed reducer, the force control loading in the test loading process is realized by the designed loading mode manual control loading device, the displacement control loading and the loading modes of force control loading and displacement control loading are realized, and the force is acquired in real time in the test process by the tension sensor and the data acquisition instrument, so that the force-time curve is obtained. The experimental loading device is also suitable for tension tests with the same measuring range and the same precision, and has good application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of tensile testing machines, and particularly relates to a simple early plastic tensile testing device for concrete.
Background
The laboratory tensile testing machine is high in price, the tensile range is large, the materials are pulled in the vertical direction, the horizontal tensile test and the tensile range are small in strict requirements, and the test with high test precision cannot obtain effective data through the laboratory tensile machine. The early plastic tensile test of concrete is a horizontal tensile test, the required tensile force is small, the test precision requirement is high, the traditional early plastic tensile test of concrete is loaded by hanging a heavy object, the force or displacement in the test process cannot be controlled and measured accurately, only the force control loading can be carried out, and the practicability is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that the tensile direction of the existing laboratory tensile machine can only be vertical, the effective measurement cannot be carried out on the experiment with smaller tensile range and higher precision requirement in the experiment, and provides the small-range high-precision tensile machine which can provide horizontal tensile force, and the tensile force of early concrete is measured in real time through a loading device, a rigid rope, a manual loading mode control device and a tension sensor. The device provided by the invention can be used for carrying out early plastic tensile test of concrete, so that more accurate and comprehensive experimental data can be obtained, and the device is also suitable for tension tests with relatively small tension range and relatively high precision requirement.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows:
A simple concrete early plastic stretching experiment device comprises a loading device and a concrete bearing device, which are both arranged on a bottom plate;
The loading device comprises a transmission pulley 1, a speed reducer 2, a stepping motor 3, a rigid tension rope 4, a manual loading mode control device 5, a tension sensor 6, a sliding block 9 and a guide rail 11, wherein the stepping motor 3 is arranged on a bottom plate, the speed reducer 2 is arranged on a transmission shaft of the stepping motor 3, the speed reducer 2 is provided with the transmission pulley 1, and the stretching speed is controlled jointly through the speed reducer 2 and the stepping motor 3; the guide rail 11 is arranged on the bottom plate, the plurality of sliding blocks 9 are arranged on the guide rail 11, and the loading mode manual control device 5 is arranged on the sliding blocks 9, so that the loading mode manual control device 5 slides left and right along the guide rail 11;
The concrete bearing device comprises a splayed steel die 7 with a bottom, a bolt 8, a sliding block 9, a sliding block locking spanner 10 and a guide rail 11; two guide rails 11 are symmetrically fixed on the bottom plate, a plurality of sliding blocks 9 are symmetrically arranged on the two guide rails 11, and a sliding block locking spanner 10 is arranged on the sliding blocks 9 to realize the locking of the sliding blocks 9; the splayed steel mould 7 with the bottom comprises a steel mould bottom and two parts which are positioned above the steel mould bottom and are bilaterally symmetrical, the two parts are of a split structure, and the steel mould bottom is positioned between the two guide rails 11; a vertical plate is fixed on the bottom plate and is used for fixing the tail end part of the splayed steel die 7 with the bottom; wherein the tail end part is arranged on the sliding block 9 and the tail part is fixedly connected with a vertical plate of the bottom plate through a bolt 8; the front end part is arranged on the sliding block 9, so that the front end part of the bottom splayed steel die 7 can move left and right along the two guide rails 11; the outer side of the front end part of the bottom splayed steel die 7 is provided with a threaded hole for installing a tension sensor 6; one guide rail 11 in the loading device is positioned between two guide rails 11 of the concrete bearing device, and the three guide rails 11 are parallel to each other and have the same interval;
The loading mode manual control device 5 comprises a shell, a spring 14, four guide rods 16, a tension rod 17, a sliding plate 13, a fixed plate 15 and a positioning bolt tube 18; the shell is of a box body structure with an opening at the top end, and a bolt hole 12 is formed in the tail end plate of the shell and is used for being connected with the tension sensor 6; four guide rods 16 are symmetrically arranged in the shell, and two ends of each guide rod 16 are fixedly connected with the inner walls of the front end plate and the rear end plate of the shell respectively; four through holes are symmetrically formed in four corners of the sliding plate 13 and the fixed plate 15, the sliding plate 13 and the fixed plate 15 are installed on the guide rod 16 through the through holes, the fixed plate 15 is positioned in the middle of the guide rod 16 and fixedly connected with the guide rod 16 and the shell, and the sliding plate 13 is positioned at the tail end of the shell and moves back and forth along the guide rod 16; the centers of the fixed plate 15 and the front end plate of the shell are respectively provided with a through hole, the tail end of the tension rod 17 sequentially passes through the front end plate of the shell and the central through hole of the fixed plate 15 and is fixed on the sliding plate 13, the front end of the tension rod 17 is positioned outside the shell, and the tension rod 17 can move forwards and backwards; the positioning bolt pipe 18 and the spring 14 are sleeved on the tension rod 17, and the positioning bolt pipe 18 is positioned between the fixed plate 15 and the front end plate of the shell and is in threaded connection with the tension rod 17; the spring 14 is positioned between the fixed plate 15 and the sliding plate 13, and two ends of the spring 14 are fixedly connected with the fixed plate 15 and the sliding plate 13 respectively;
The front end of the tension rod 17 is provided with a pull ring, one end of the rigid tension rope 4 is connected with the pull ring, the other end of the rigid tension rope is connected with the transmission pulley 1, and the loading mode manual control device 5 is connected with the stepping motor 3 through the rigid tension rope 4;
And one end of the tension sensor 6 is arranged in the bolt hole 12, the other end of the tension sensor is connected with a threaded hole on the outer side of the front end part of the bottom splayed steel die 7, the loading mode manual control device 5 is connected with the bottom splayed steel die 7 through the tension sensor 6, and tension between the two is measured.
The tension sensor 6 is an external thread type sensor.
The end of the tension rod 17 is provided with scales.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
According to the invention, the control speed of the stepping motor is controlled by the motor controller, then the speed is reduced and the moment is increased by the speed reducer, the force control loading in the test loading process is realized by the designed loading mode manual control loading device, the displacement control loading and the loading modes of force control loading and displacement control loading are realized, and the force is acquired in real time in the test process by the tension sensor and the data acquisition instrument, so that the force-time curve is obtained.
The early plastic stretching experimental device for concrete can accurately measure the early tensile strength of the concrete, and correspondingly control the force and displacement in the stretching process to obtain a force-time curve of the process; the elastic compression characteristic of the spring is utilized, the device structure is skillfully designed, and three different loading modes of a tensile test are realized; the ideal control of the loading speed is achieved by utilizing the action of a speed reducer, and the purpose of static loading is achieved; the experimental loading device is also suitable for tension tests with the same measuring range and the same precision, and has good application prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a simple concrete early plastic stretching experimental device of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a manual loading mode control device;
FIGS. 3 (a) and 3 (b) are exploded views of a manual loading mode control device;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged scale of the end of the tension rod;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of a high precision overhanging screw tension sensor.
In the figure: 1, a transmission pulley; 2a speed reducer; 3, a stepping motor; 4, a rigid tension rope; 5a manual control device of loading mode; a tension sensor; 7, a splayed steel die with a bottom; 8 bolts; 9, sliding blocks; 10, a slide block locking spanner; 11 guide rails; 12 bolt holes; 13 sliding plate; 14 springs; 15 fixing plates; 16 guide rods; 17 tension rods; 18 positioning the bolt tube.
Detailed Description
The following describes the embodiments of the present invention further with reference to the drawings and technical schemes.
As shown in FIG. 1, the simple concrete early plastic stretching experimental device comprises a loading device and a concrete bearing device, which are both arranged on a bottom plate.
The loading device provides tension and speed for experiments and comprises a transmission pulley 1, a speed reducer 2, a stepping motor 3, a rigid tension rope 4, a manual loading mode control device 5, a tension sensor 6, a sliding block 9 and a guide rail 11; the stepping motor 3 is arranged on the bottom plate, the speed reducer 2 is arranged on a transmission shaft of the stepping motor 3, and the transmission pulley 1 is arranged on the speed reducer 2; the guide rail 11 is installed on the bottom plate, a plurality of sliding blocks 9 are installed on the guide rail 11, and the loading mode manual control device 5 is installed on the sliding blocks 9.
The concrete bearing device comprises a splayed steel die 7 with a bottom, a bolt 8, a sliding block 9, a sliding block locking spanner 10 and a guide rail 11; the concrete bearing device comprises a splayed steel die 7 with a bottom, a bolt 8, a sliding block 9, a sliding block locking spanner 10 and a guide rail 11. Two guide rails 11 are fixed on the bottom plate, a plurality of sliding blocks 9 are arranged on the two guide rails 11, and a sliding block locking spanner 10 is arranged on the sliding blocks 9; a splayed steel mould 7 with a bottom, wherein the bottom of the steel mould is positioned between the two guide rails 11; the tail end part of the bottom splayed steel die 7 is arranged on the sliding block 9, and the tail part is fixedly connected with a vertical plate of the bottom plate through a bolt 8; the front end part of the bottom splayed steel die 7 is arranged on the sliding block 9, and a threaded hole is arranged on the outer side of the front end part and used for installing the tension sensor 6.
As shown in fig. 2, the manual loading mode control device 5 comprises a shell, a spring 14, four guide rods 16, a tension rod 17, a sliding plate 13, a fixed plate 15 and a positioning bolt tube 18; the shell is of a box body structure with an opening at the top end, and a bolt hole 12 is formed in the tail end plate of the shell and is used for being connected with the tension sensor 6; as shown in fig. 3 (a), four guide rods 16 are symmetrically installed in the housing, and two ends of each guide rod 16 are fixedly connected with inner walls of front and rear end plates of the housing respectively; four through holes are symmetrically formed in four corners of the sliding plate 13 and the fixed plate 15, the sliding plate 13 and the fixed plate 15 are installed on the guide rod 16 through the through holes, the fixed plate 15 is positioned in the middle of the guide rod 16 and fixedly connected with the guide rod 16 and the shell, and the sliding plate 13 is positioned at the tail end of the shell and moves back and forth along the guide rod 16; the centers of the fixed plate 15 and the front end plate of the shell are respectively provided with a through hole, the tail end of the tension rod 17 sequentially passes through the front end plate of the shell and the central through hole of the fixed plate 15 and is fixed on the sliding plate 13, the front end of the tension rod 17 is positioned outside the shell, and the tension rod 17 can move forwards and backwards; as shown in fig. 3 (b), the positioning bolt tube 18 and the spring 14 are sleeved on the tension rod 17, and the positioning bolt tube 18 is positioned between the fixed plate 15 and the front end plate of the shell and is in threaded connection with the tension rod 17; the spring 14 is located between the fixed plate 15 and the sliding plate 13, and two ends of the spring 14 are fixedly connected with the fixed plate 15 and the sliding plate 13 respectively. The front end of the tension rod 17 is provided with a pull ring, and two ends of the rigid tension rope 4 are respectively connected with the pull ring and the transmission pulley 1. The graduations on the tension bar 17 are shown in fig. 4.
As shown in fig. 5, a tension sensor 6 is installed between the manual control device 5 for loading the load mode by the tension sensor 6 and a steel splayed mold 7 with a bottom for measuring the tension therebetween.
The device of the invention is adopted to carry out early plastic stretching experiments of concrete, and the concrete operation process is as follows:
Assuming that the theoretical calculated section of the concrete is under tension of 40N at a certain moment of measurement, the stiffness k=10n/cm of the spring 14 in the manual control device of the loading mode. The movable range of the tension rod 17 in the manual control device of the loading mode is 0cm to 6cm.
Two parts of the bottom splayed steel mould 7 are tightly attached before the test, the locking wrench 10 is screwed to fix the bottom splayed steel mould 7, the stirred concrete is poured into the bottom splayed steel mould 7, the concrete is compacted in a vibrating mode, the loading mode of the test is controlled by adjusting the position of the positioning bolt pipe 18, and the specific loading control mode is as follows:
(1) Force control loading mode
In the test, the positioning bolt tube 18 in the manual loading mode control device is screwed to the position of >4cm, the stepping motor 3 is started to enable the transmission pulley 1 to rotate, the rigid tension rope 4 drives the tension rod 17 and the sliding plate 13 in the manual loading mode control device to move, the spring 14 is compressed, the spring 14 is uniformly compressed due to the fact that the rotating speed of the stepping motor 3 is fixed, the tension is linearly increased, the loading speed of force can be changed by changing the speed of the stepping motor 3, the concrete pulling condition is achieved when the spring 14 is compressed by 4cm, the tension is uniformly increased in the whole process, and the force control loading mode is achieved.
(2) Force-controlled loading followed by displacement-controlled loading
The test assumes that the force control loading is performed first, and when the tensile force reaches 75% of the ultimate tensile force of the concrete (i.e. when the tensile force is 30N), the displacement control loading is changed. In the test, the positioning bolt tube 18 in the manual loading mode control device is screwed to the position of 3cm, the stepping motor 3 is started to enable the transmission pulley 1 to rotate, the rigid tension rope 4 drives the tension rod 17 and the sliding plate 13 in the manual loading mode control device to move, the spring 14 is compressed, when the spring is compressed by 3cm, the positioning bolt tube 18 is in contact with the front end plate of the shell to prevent the spring 14 from being compressed, and therefore the whole manual loading mode control device 5 is driven to move, and displacement control loading (namely displacement linearly increases along with time) is carried out. When the displacement reaches the limit displacement, the concrete is pulled out.
(3) Displacement controlled loading
In the test, the positioning bolt tube 18 in the manual loading mode control device is screwed to the position of 0cm, the stepping motor 3 is started to rotate the transmission pulley 1, the positioning bolt tube 18 is initially contacted with the front end plate of the shell, the spring 14 is not compressed all the time, and the whole manual loading mode control device 5 is directly driven to move for displacement control loading (namely, the displacement is linearly increased along with the time). When the displacement reaches the limit displacement, the concrete is pulled out.
Claims (3)
1. The simple concrete early plastic stretching experimental device is characterized by comprising a loading device and a concrete bearing device, wherein the loading device and the concrete bearing device are both arranged on a bottom plate;
The loading device comprises a transmission pulley (1), a speed reducer (2), a stepping motor (3), a rigid tension rope (4), a loading mode manual control device (5), a tension sensor (6), a sliding block (9) and a guide rail (11), wherein the stepping motor (3) is arranged on a bottom plate, the speed reducer (2) is arranged on a transmission shaft of the stepping motor (3), the speed reducer (2) is provided with the transmission pulley (1), and the stretching speed is controlled jointly by the speed reducer (2) and the stepping motor (3); the guide rail (11) is arranged on the bottom plate, the plurality of sliding blocks (9) are arranged on the guide rail (11), and the loading mode manual control device (5) is arranged on the sliding blocks (9) so that the loading mode manual control device (5) slides left and right along the guide rail (11);
The concrete bearing device comprises a splayed steel die (7) with a bottom, a bolt (8), a sliding block (9), a sliding block locking wrench (10) and a guide rail (11); the two guide rails (11) are symmetrically fixed on the bottom plate, the plurality of sliding blocks (9) are symmetrically arranged on the two guide rails (11), and the sliding block locking wrench (10) is arranged on the sliding blocks (9) to realize the locking of the sliding blocks (9); the splayed steel mould (7) with the bottom comprises a steel mould bottom and two parts which are positioned above the steel mould bottom and are bilaterally symmetrical, the two parts are of a split structure, and the steel mould bottom is positioned between two guide rails (11); a vertical plate is fixed on the bottom plate and is used for fixing the tail end part of the splayed steel die (7) with the bottom; the tail end part is arranged on the sliding block (9) and is fixedly connected with a vertical plate of the bottom plate through a bolt (8); the front end part is arranged on the sliding block (9) so that the front end part of the splayed steel mould (7) with the bottom can move left and right along the two guide rails (11); the outer side of the front end part of the splayed steel die (7) with the bottom is provided with a threaded hole for installing a tension sensor (6); one guide rail (11) in the loading device is positioned between two guide rails (11) of the concrete bearing device, and the three guide rails (11) are parallel to each other and have the same interval;
The loading mode manual control device (5) comprises a shell, a spring (14), four guide rods (16), a tension rod (17), a sliding plate (13), a fixed plate (15) and a positioning bolt tube (18); the shell is of a box body structure with an opening at the top end, and a bolt hole (12) is formed in the tail end plate of the shell and is used for being connected with the tension sensor (6); four guide rods (16) are symmetrically arranged in the shell, and two ends of each guide rod (16) are fixedly connected with the inner walls of the front end plate and the rear end plate of the shell respectively; four through holes are symmetrically formed in four corners of the sliding plate (13) and the fixing plate (15), the sliding plate (13) and the fixing plate (15) are installed on the guide rod (16) through the through holes, the fixing plate (15) is located in the middle of the guide rod (16) and fixedly connected with the guide rod (16) and the shell, and the sliding plate (13) is located at the tail end of the shell and moves back and forth along the guide rod (16); the centers of the fixed plate (15) and the front end plate of the shell are respectively provided with a through hole, the tail end of the tension rod (17) sequentially passes through the front end plate of the shell and the central through hole of the fixed plate (15) and is fixed on the sliding plate (13), the front end of the tension rod (17) is positioned outside the shell, and the tension rod (17) can move forwards and backwards; the positioning bolt tube (18) and the spring (14) are sleeved on the tension rod (17), and the positioning bolt tube (18) is positioned between the fixed plate (15) and the front end plate of the shell and is in threaded connection with the tension rod (17); the spring (14) is positioned between the fixed plate (15) and the sliding plate (13), and two ends of the spring (14) are fixedly connected with the fixed plate (15) and the sliding plate (13) respectively; the loading mode of the experiment is controlled by adjusting the position of the positioning bolt tube (18), and the method specifically comprises a force control loading mode, a displacement control loading mode and a displacement control loading mode;
The front end of the tension rod (17) is provided with a pull ring, one end of the rigid tension rope (4) is connected with the pull ring, the other end of the rigid tension rope is connected with the transmission pulley (1), and the loading mode manual control device (5) is connected with the stepping motor (3) through the rigid tension rope (4);
and one end of the tension sensor (6) is arranged in the bolt hole (12), the other end of the tension sensor is connected with a threaded hole at the outer side of the front end part of the bottom splayed steel die (7), the loading mode manual control device (5) is connected with the bottom splayed steel die (7) through the tension sensor (6), and the tension between the tension sensor and the bottom splayed steel die is measured.
2. The simple concrete early plastic stretching experimental device according to claim 1, wherein the tension sensor (6) is an external thread type sensor.
3. The simple early plastic tensile test device for concrete according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the end part of the tension rod (17) is provided with scales.
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