CN101430251B - Vehicle component real object collision test method and tester - Google Patents
Vehicle component real object collision test method and tester Download PDFInfo
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- CN101430251B CN101430251B CN200810188332.1A CN200810188332A CN101430251B CN 101430251 B CN101430251 B CN 101430251B CN 200810188332 A CN200810188332 A CN 200810188332A CN 101430251 B CN101430251 B CN 101430251B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a test method for real object crash of vehicle components and a test device thereof. The test method comprises the following steps: the vehicle components are fixed on a carrying trolley which can move on a track, the speed of the trolley is increased to a test value by traction with a drive system before preparing for crash an impact wall; when the carrying trolley moves to a set position before the impact wall, a trigger device is started to detach the drive system from the carrying trolley, a test component and the carrying trolley are caused to crash the impact wall without drive power; a vehicle-borne acceleration test system is arranged on the carrying trolley so as to complete data acquisition in real time; and the trigger device triggers a speed test system, an impact force test system and a high-speed camera system at the same time. The test method of the real object crash of the vehicle components and the test device can help measure objective data in real time such as the impact force, a transient acceleration, component deformation and speed output at the moment of crash, and further can record deformation sequence images of the components during the whole crash course so as to get scientific and exact analysis results.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the Structural Crashworthiness studying technological domain of vehicle component, be specifically related to a kind ofly for vehicle component real object, particularly vehicle energy-absorbing parts be carried out collision test method and the test unit thereof of real object collision test.
Background technology
The method of at present research vehicle large deformation collision has three kinds of theoretical research, actual loading test and numerical simulations.Theoretical research can grasping the essentials of a problem property thing, for actual loading test and numerical simulation modeling provide the suggestion of some directivity, but comparatively speaking, theoretical research need be done a large amount of simplification, result is more slightly made.Actual loading test checking is indispensable in whole research, but actual loading test needs a large amount of human and material resources and financial resources, and dangerous especially big.As automobile etc. still can carry out real vehicle collision test, but the weight of rail truck is tens times of automobile, and the reacting force while occurring to clash into is also by the decades of times that is automobile.The impact test of carrying out car load does not have real operation.
Along with the quick raising of China's train running speed, train traffic safety has become the important symbol of Modern High-Speed railway technology development.Train collision accident seriously jeopardizes passenger and crew member's life, property safety, should fundamentally stop the generation of this type of accident, but is still difficult at present accomplish.The loss causing for alleviating train collision accident, carry out multi-car Coupling Collision dynamics research, development Crashworthy raiway car-body with energy absorbing, to alleviate the inexorable trend that train clashes into the ，Ye Shi world, important channel railway bus body structure (the comprising urban rail transit vehicles) development of Accidents Disasters loss.
In train composition Study on Crashworthiness, experimental study is a kind of means that effectively also can reflect truth.But because complete vehicle test scale is large, expense is high, as destructive test is not reproducible, carry out, and need have actual product, generally adopt posteriority test; Vehicle energy-absorbing parts (comprising carrying endergonic structure and special-purpose absorption cell) are carried out to real object collision test, are the main foundations of design Crashworthy raiway car-body with energy absorbing.At present more the impact test of vehicle part is limited to the result after clashing under certain condition is analyzed and studied, because collision process is an of short duration fierce impact, and the development of vehicle part distortion has Unpredictability, and therefore current impact test lacks science and objectivity.
Summary of the invention
One of object of the present invention be to provide a kind of can be real-time realization to vehicle component real object every measured parameter data such as the distortion in knockout process, acceleration carry out the vehicle component real object collision test method of synthetical collection, it can realize the collision that vehicle component real object is presetted to condition, and obtain the data of full and accurate science, guarantee accuracy and objectivity that row impact test is analyzed.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of vehicle component real object collision test device, this test unit is reasonable in design, can realize the collision reasonable control of process of the test and parts at distortion, acceleration, the impact temporal evolution curve of collision process and clash into the collection of the speed etc. of Contact.
The technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
A vehicle component real object collision test method, is characterized in that this collision test method comprises:
By vehicle part be fixed on one can Orbiting carrying trolley on, the speed of drawing this carrying trolley by a drive system is increased to prepares to clash into one after a test value and collides wall;
When carrying trolley moves to the last desired location of collision wall, start flip flop equipment, drive system and carrying trolley are departed from, make test specimen to be measured and carrying trolley clash into and collide wall without driving under power;
Vehicle-mounted acceleration test system is set in described carrying trolley and completes in real time test and the data acquisition that comprises instantaneous acceleration;
Described flip flop equipment triggers speed testing system, impact test macro and high speed video system simultaneously, carries out the data acquisition of impact, stroke speed and collision sequence image;
The data of described collection are carried out impact test interpretation of result by computing machine.
Concretely, described collision test method also comprises:
Adopt a brake system to control carrying trolley, under the situation of setting speed pattern appears not meeting in the travelling speed of carrying trolley, drive system is carried out to brake hard, make carrying trolley out of service.
Further say, described collision test method also comprises:
Adopt PID (ratio, integration and differentiation) controller, speed control, drive system motion control case that the haulage speed of described drive system is set and controlled.
A vehicle component real object collision test device, is characterized in that this collision test device comprises:
Test platform, this test platform comprises test circuit and collision wall, and a side of described collision wall arranges track, and carrying trolley activity is positioned on described track;
Drive system, comprises a traction rope and traction electric machine, and described traction rope connects carrying trolley and driven by traction electric machine;
Test macro, comprises speed testing system and impact test macro, and described impact test macro comprises the shock sensors of the real time measure impact;
High-speed photography system, comprises the high-speed camera instrument that is arranged on described collision wall end, for gathering and record the Deformation Series image of knockout process vehicle part.
Concretely, the front end fixed placement vehicle part of carrying trolley described in this collision test device, on the described track near collision wall, be provided with Tuo Sheng mechanism, be used for making departing between traction rope and carrying trolley, described traction electric machine is arranged on the sidepiece of track, and traction rope connects carrying trolley and connects traction electric machine by steering mechanism.
Described drive system also comprises a withdrawing device, and this withdrawing device comprises pull back rope and the motor of pulling back, described in the motor of pulling back by the rope of pulling back, drive to connect carrying trolley; This motor of pulling back is arranged on the other end of track for the reset of carrying trolley, and described traction electric machine and pull back and be provided with back locking device between motor, for locking another motor when the motor operation.
Described test unit also comprises a brake system, this brake system comprises the first clamping device that is arranged on described traction electric machine end, described the first clamping device is controlled startup, acceleration and the carrying trolley travelling speed of traction electric machine, start test macro, described the first clamping device starts brake hard to traction electric machine under abnormal conditions.
Described speed testing system comprises speed control box and is arranged on the speed pickup that collides wall front end, on described track, is provided with flip flop equipment, and speed control box detects and obtains the velocity amplitude that carrying trolley moves to speed pickup and flip flop equipment place.
Described test macro also comprises a vehicle-mounted acceleration test system, comprises truck-mounted computer, acceleration transducer and acceleration Acquisition Instrument, and described truck-mounted computer, acceleration transducer and acceleration Acquisition Instrument all fixing sending out are placed in described carrying trolley.
Described test unit also comprises a control system, and described control system comprises PID controller, speed control and drive control box, for controlling the speed of carrying trolley and the operation of test unit.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is, this vehicle component real object collision test method and test unit can be measured vehicle component real object in real time in the objective datas such as speed output of impact, instantaneous acceleration, part distortion and the impact moment of collision overall process, also can record the Deformation Series image of parts in whole knockout process, with acquisition science analysis result accurately.
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the invention will be further elaborated, so that further understand effect of the present invention and embodiment.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that the part hardware of test unit in the specific embodiment of the invention forms structural representation;
Fig. 2 is the side structure schematic diagram of test platform in Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is the functional-block diagram of control system in the specific embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 4 is the composition block diagram of test macro in the specific embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
This vehicle component real object collision test method is that 1: 1 parts material object of vehicle is carried out to impact test, obtains parts in distortion, acceleration, the impact temporal evolution curve of collision process and the speed of clashing into Contact.The vehicle component real object clashing into is fixed on carrying trolley front end, and this carrying trolley can be along a track by a drive systems, and this drive system can adopt electromagnetic adjustable speed motor as power, by acceleration, is controlled and can be made the travelling speed of carrying trolley improve constantly.In this process, can adopt PID controller to continue to increase the power of electromagnetic adjustable speed motor, motor input speed is continued to increase, the travelling speed of carrying trolley is continued to increase, travelling speed meeting Negotiation speed controller or other measure and control devices of this carrying trolley show and control, when its travelling speed occurs that when abnormal, brake system is cut off the power supply of electromagnetic adjustable speed motor automatically, makes carrying trolley out of service.
When carrying trolley moves to the last desired location of collision wall, flip flop equipments such as de-rope collision block and travel switch of startup, make carrying trolley be connected separated with the driving between electromagnetic adjustable speed motor, drive system stops the driving to carrying trolley, carrying trolley is clashed into vehicle component real object and is collided wall under unpowered driving operation, meanwhile, flip flop equipment is vehicle-mounted acceleration test system as travel switch also triggers, speed testing system, impact test macro and high speed video system, carry out impact acceleration, impact and collision sequence image carry out data acquisition and storage, after shock completes, all image data all can transfer to as computing machine by serial communication, treated, analyze the course of putting into practice of output acceleration and impact.
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, this vehicle component real object collision test device is mainly comprised of test platform 10, drive system, test macro, high-speed photography system, surveillance.
This test platform 10 is comprised of collision wall 11, test circuit, carrying trolley 16, test circuit is overhead system single-line railway 14, all adopts the whole roadbed of concrete, and track adopts standard rail, length is about 170m, apart from colliding the about 6m of wall place, is being provided with de-rope collision block 13.Carrying trolley 16 is welded by channel-section steel, and the about 750Kg that conducts oneself with dignity can clash into and collide wall 11 with certain speed by equipped vehicle end underframe, and clamping device for steel cable, acceleration transducer mount pad and acceleration transducer etc. are also installed in carrying trolley.Colliding wall 11 is reinforced concrete structure, and striking face is provided with dynamometric wall.
Drive system is comprised of draw-gear 20 and withdrawing device 30, draw-gear 20 is arranged on and collides wall side, it is mainly comprised of wire-arranging mechanism 24, electromagnetic adjustable speed motor 21, twisted rope dish 25 and haulage cable 23, the effect of draw-gear 20 is that carrying trolley 16 was accelerated before clashing into collision wall 11, reach the speed of testing requirements, at track, be also provided with speed pickup 12 with colliding wall adjoiner, for colliding the mensuration of front speed.Withdrawing device 30 is mainly comprised of electromagnetic adjustable speed motor 31, twisted rope dish, the wire rope 17 of pulling back, and its function is after completing impact test, makes carrying trolley 16 and haulage cable 23 get back to original position, so that test next time.Two electromagnetic adjustable speed motors 21 and 31, be provided with interlock, draw-gear 20 and withdrawing device 30 can not be worked simultaneously.
In drive system, be also provided with brake system, for example be arranged on the first clamping device 22 of draw-gear 20 ends, with the second clamping device 32 that is arranged on withdrawing device 30 ends, when draw-gear 20 output speeds exceed setting speed value or other abnormal conditions, electromagnetic slip clutches on the first clamping device 22 cut-out electromagnetic adjustable speed motors 21 and the hydraulic push-rod brake power supply of configuration, the second clamping device 32 can impel electromagnetic adjustable speed motor 31 to strain the rope 17 of pulling back, implement brake hard, stop impact test.
In a side of test platform 10, be provided with the pulpit 40 of configuration control system, this control system comprises, PID controller, speed control, motion control case etc. draws and pull back.The effect of PID controller is to continue relatively to set rotating speed and output speed, constantly adjusts the output speed that strength of current in electromagnetic slip clutches is controlled electromagnetic adjustable speed motor.Principle of work block scheme as shown in Figure 3, this control system can be to traction electric machine, the acceleration that is electromagnetic adjustable speed motor is controlled, Negotiation speed controller is realized the acceleration of motion of carrying trolley and movement velocity is controlled, action by a series of relays in traction control case and the control box of pulling back realizes the control that carrying trolley is pulled back, and by the control of flip flop equipment, brake system or test macro are started, and realize by starting brake system the control that accident is stopped.
As Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, at collision wall end, be also provided with two groups of high- speed camera instrument 51,52, for gathering and record the Deformation Series image of knockout process vehicle part.For the uncertain factor for contingent all kinds of accidents and when operation, surveillance is also installed in this test unit, comprise for monitoring the closed circuit camera 61 of draw-gear 20, for monitoring the closed circuit camera 62 of withdrawing device 30, and for monitoring the camera 63 of carrying trolley operation.
If Fig. 4 is the composition block diagram of the test macro that this test unit adopted.It is comprised of acceleration test system 200, impact test macro 300 and speed testing system 100.Wherein acceleration test system 200 is vehicle-mounted acceleration test system, comprises High-speed transient test, collection, processing, storage system.The software and hardware industrial computer being solidified togather, consist of, comprise Real-time Collection, pre-service, on-line communication and debugging software, hardware comprises four-way data acquisition mainboard, acceleration transducer and signal condition gas, serial communication interface, power supply.The highest sample frequency 10kHz of this vehicle-mounted acceleration test system, adopts 16 A/D conversions, full scale error 0.2%, conversion and μ s storage times 100, the every passage 32K of data storage capacity (byte).
Electric crystal shock sensors, charge amplifier and data collection and analysis module that impact test macro 300 is started by a plurality of hydraulic push-rod brake energisings form.Can carry out the real time measure to impact parameter.
Speed testing system 100 adopts photoelectrical velocity measure equipments, can be on speed control box the omnidistance speed that shows chassis, within every 2 seconds, refresh one time output display.Clashing into front 6 meters of of rigid wall, speed control box receives flip flop equipment and sends trigger pip, records this carrying trolley speed constantly.After shock finishes, speed control box directly shows the speed of clashing into front carrying trolley according to the measured value of speed pickup 12.Also this velocity amplitude can be fed back to brake system, to be confirmed whether starting brake system simultaneously.
Claims (9)
1. a vehicle component real object collision test device, is mainly comprised of test platform (10), drive system, test macro, high-speed photography system, surveillance, it is characterized in that:
This test platform (10) is comprised of collision wall (11), test circuit, carrying trolley (16), test circuit is overhead system single-line railway (14), adopt the whole roadbed of concrete, track adopts standard rail, length is 170m, apart from colliding wall 6m place, is being provided with de-rope collision block (13); Carrying trolley (16) is welded by channel-section steel, deadweight 750Kg, can with certain speed, clash into and collide wall (11) by equipped vehicle end underframe, clamping device for steel cable, acceleration transducer mount pad and acceleration transducer are also installed in carrying trolley; Colliding wall (11) is reinforced concrete structure, and striking face is provided with dynamometric wall;
Drive system is comprised of draw-gear (20) and withdrawing device (30), draw-gear (20) is arranged on and collides wall side, it is mainly comprised of wire-arranging mechanism (24), electromagnetic adjustable speed motor (21), twisted rope dish (25) and haulage cable (23), the effect of draw-gear (20) is to make carrying trolley (16) collide wall (11) at shock to accelerate before, reach the speed of testing requirements, at track, be also provided with speed pickup (12) with colliding wall adjoiner, for colliding the mensuration of front speed; Withdrawing device (30) is mainly comprised of electromagnetic adjustable speed motor (31), twisted rope dish, the wire rope of pulling back (17), its function is after completing impact test, make carrying trolley (16) and haulage cable (23) get back to original position, so that test next time; Between two electromagnetic adjustable speed motors (21) and (31), be provided with interlock, draw-gear (20) and withdrawing device (30) can not be worked simultaneously;
Test macro is comprised of acceleration test system (200), impact test macro (300) and speed testing system (100); Wherein acceleration test system (200) is vehicle-mounted acceleration test system, comprises High-speed transient test, collection, processing, storage system; The software and hardware industrial computer being solidified togather, consist of, comprise Real-time Collection, pre-service, on-line communication and debugging software, hardware comprises four-way data acquisition mainboard, acceleration transducer and signal conditioner, serial communication interface, power supply; The highest sample frequency 10kHz of vehicle-mounted acceleration test system, adopts 16 A/D conversions, full scale error 0.2%, conversion and μ s storage times 100, the every passage 32K of data storage capacity byte;
High-speed photography system has two groups of high-speed camera instrument (51,52), is arranged on and collides wall end, for gathering and record the Deformation Series image of knockout process vehicle part;
Surveillance comprises for monitoring the closed circuit camera (61) of draw-gear (20), for monitoring the closed circuit camera (62) of withdrawing device (30), and for monitoring the camera (63) of carrying trolley operation.
2. vehicle component real object collision test device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in drive system, be also provided with brake system, be arranged on first clamping device (22) of draw-gear (20) end, with the second clamping device (32) that is arranged on withdrawing device (30) end, when draw-gear (20) output speed exceeds setting speed value or other abnormal conditions, electromagnetic slip clutches on the first clamping device (22) cut-out electromagnetic adjustable speed motor (21) and the hydraulic push-rod brake power supply of configuration, the second clamping device (32) can impel electromagnetic adjustable speed motor (31) to strain the rope (17) of pulling back, implement brake hard, stop impact test.
3. vehicle component real object collision test device according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: the pulpit (40) that is provided with configuration control system in a side of test platform (10), this control system comprises, PID controller, speed control, motion control case draws and pull back; The effect of PID controller is to continue relatively to set rotating speed and output speed, constantly adjusts the output speed that strength of current in electromagnetic slip clutches is controlled electromagnetic adjustable speed motor; This control system can be to traction electric machine, the acceleration that is electromagnetic adjustable speed motor is controlled, Negotiation speed controller is realized the acceleration of motion of carrying trolley and movement velocity is controlled, action by a series of relays in traction control case and the control box of pulling back realizes the control that carrying trolley is pulled back, and by the control of flip flop equipment, brake system or test macro are started, and realize by starting brake system the control that accident is stopped.
4. vehicle component real object collision test device according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: electric crystal shock sensors, charge amplifier and data collection and analysis module that impact test macro (300) is started by a plurality of hydraulic push-rod brake energisings form, and impact parameter is carried out to the real time measure.
5. vehicle component real object collision test device according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: electric crystal shock sensors, charge amplifier and data collection and analysis module that impact test macro (300) is started by a plurality of hydraulic push-rod brake energisings form, and impact parameter is carried out to the real time measure.
6. vehicle component real object collision test device according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: speed testing system (100) adopts photoelectrical velocity measure equipment, and on speed control box, the omnidistance speed that shows chassis, refreshes one time output display for every 2 seconds; Clashing into front 6 meters of of rigid wall, speed control box receives flip flop equipment and sends trigger pip, records this carrying trolley speed constantly; After shock finishes, speed control box directly shows the speed of clashing into front carrying trolley according to the measured value of speed pickup (12); Also this velocity amplitude can be fed back to brake system, to be confirmed whether starting brake system simultaneously.
7. vehicle component real object collision test device according to claim 3, is characterized in that: speed testing system (100) adopts photoelectrical velocity measure equipment, and on speed control box, the omnidistance speed that shows chassis, refreshes one time output display for every 2 seconds; Clashing into front 6 meters of of rigid wall, speed control box receives flip flop equipment and sends trigger pip, records this carrying trolley speed constantly; After shock finishes, speed control box directly shows the speed of clashing into front carrying trolley according to the measured value of speed pickup (12); Also this velocity amplitude can be fed back to brake system, to be confirmed whether starting brake system simultaneously.
8. vehicle component real object collision test device according to claim 4, is characterized in that: speed testing system (100) adopts photoelectrical velocity measure equipment, and on speed control box, the omnidistance speed that shows chassis, refreshes one time output display for every 2 seconds; Clashing into front 6 meters of of rigid wall, speed control box receives flip flop equipment and sends trigger pip, records this carrying trolley speed constantly; After shock finishes, speed control box directly shows the speed of clashing into front carrying trolley according to the measured value of speed pickup (12); Also this velocity amplitude can be fed back to brake system, to be confirmed whether starting brake system simultaneously.
9. vehicle component real object collision test device according to claim 5, is characterized in that: speed testing system (100) adopts photoelectrical velocity measure equipment, and on speed control box, the omnidistance speed that shows chassis, refreshes one time output display for every 2 seconds; Clashing into front 6 meters of of rigid wall, speed control box receives flip flop equipment and sends trigger pip, records this carrying trolley speed constantly; After shock finishes, speed control box directly shows the speed of clashing into front carrying trolley according to the measured value of speed pickup (12); Also this velocity amplitude can be fed back to brake system, to be confirmed whether starting brake system simultaneously.
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