CN105865915A - Soft material mechanical performance measurement apparatus and method thereof - Google Patents

Soft material mechanical performance measurement apparatus and method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105865915A
CN105865915A CN201610225141.2A CN201610225141A CN105865915A CN 105865915 A CN105865915 A CN 105865915A CN 201610225141 A CN201610225141 A CN 201610225141A CN 105865915 A CN105865915 A CN 105865915A
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soft material
computer
voice coil
coil motor
main shaft
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CN105865915B (en
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朱福龙
陶加全
潘永军
蔺欣欣
何黎平
段科
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Huazhong University of Science and Technology
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Huazhong University of Science and Technology
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B11/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge
    • G01B11/165—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge by means of a grating deformed by the object
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/32—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying repeated or pulsating forces
    • G01N3/38—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying repeated or pulsating forces generated by electromagnetic means

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种软材料力学性能测量装置及方法，其包括音圈电机、控制器、计算机、平移台和CCD摄像机，音圈电机安装于台架，其由控制器控制，其包括设于其内部的栅尺、力传感器和主轴，控制器与计算机相连，其根据计算机发送的指令驱动音圈电机沿竖直方向做直线运动，并将光栅尺和力传感器获取的主轴的位移和载荷数据发送至计算机，以获得待测软材料的载荷‑位移关系；平移台设于音圈电机的下方，其用于放置软材料，在软材料的一侧设置有CCD摄像机，该CCD摄像机用于拍摄软材料加压前后的变形图像，并将变形图像传输至计算机中；该方法利用所述测量装置进行测量。本发明结构紧凑，功能齐全，具有测量精度高、测量范围广等优点。

The invention discloses a device and method for measuring the mechanical properties of soft materials, which includes a voice coil motor, a controller, a computer, a translation platform and a CCD camera. The internal scale, force sensor and spindle, and the controller are connected to the computer, which drives the voice coil motor to move in a straight line in the vertical direction according to the instructions sent by the computer, and transfers the displacement and load data of the spindle obtained by the grating scale and force sensor Send it to the computer to obtain the load-displacement relationship of the soft material to be tested; the translation stage is set under the voice coil motor, which is used to place the soft material, and a CCD camera is set on one side of the soft material, and the CCD camera is used for shooting Deformation images of the soft material before and after pressurization, and transmitting the deformation images to a computer; the method utilizes the measuring device for measurement. The invention has the advantages of compact structure, complete functions, high measurement precision, wide measurement range and the like.

Description

A kind of soft material mechanical property measuring device and method
Technical field
The invention belongs to soft material Mechanics Performance Testing field, more particularly, to a kind of soft material power Learn device for measuring properties and method.
Background technology
Soft material is the material that the class between solid and perfect fluid is special, is usually by dividing greatly Son or molecular cluster composition, it has flexibility and two distinguishing features of complexity.Soft material mainly wraps Including rubber, biological tissue and liquid crystal, it contacts closely with our daily life, with general Engineering material is compared, and soft material has unique good characteristic, as rubber have corrosion-resistant, The advantages such as pliable and tough, wear-resisting, adiabatic insulation, in Aero-Space, biomaterial, Industrial Engineering and medical science In field, there is extensive application background.Therefore, the test to soft material is extremely important, knows soft material Performance after, just can sit in the right seat and make its performance using value that puts into production.
The mechanical property of soft material is complex, and small effect the most to external world is very sensitive, to soft Material applies relatively side crops industry just can produce moderate finite deformation, and the most weak impact causes strong change, and soft material Deformation response there is nonlinear feature, including geometrical non-linearity and physical nonlinearity, it addition, soft Material Contact Boundary in contact problems is also nonlinear, so the test of soft material mechanical property Extremely complex.
In prior art, the Mechanics Performance Testing for soft material has had some research approaches, such as CN 201210319723.9 Multipurpose in-situ micro-scale mechanics performance test methods under disclosed ESEM, It uses voice coil motor to avoid the produced vibration of driving stepper motor mode, can carry out original position stretching, Compression, bending and fatigue mechanics performance test.But the data that the method obtains power need an additional power Sensor, and fatigue crack situation need to be obtained by ESEM, it is simultaneous for the sample of different length Need to design slide block and chute, structure is complicated, operation inconvenience.
Summary of the invention
For disadvantages described above or the Improvement requirement of prior art, the invention provides a kind of soft material mechanics Device for measuring properties and method, it realizes loading the collection with data by voice coil motor, and utilizes Computer sends the motion of order-driven voice coil motor, contacts laboratory sample by the main shaft of voice coil motor, Sample is applied certain load, obtains displacement and load data, and combine digital picture to soft material Make to measure further, obtain material more fully mechanical property parameters, there is certainty of measurement high, measure The advantages such as scope is wide, it is adaptable to the measurement of the multiple mechanical property of multiple soft material.
For achieving the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, the present invention proposes a kind of soft material Mechanical property measuring device, it is characterised in that this measurement apparatus includes voice coil motor, controller, meter Calculation machine, translation stage and ccd video camera, wherein:
Described voice coil motor is installed on stand, and it is by controller control, and it includes being located at its internal grid Chi, force snesor and main shaft, described controller is connected with computer, its finger sent according to computer Order drives voice coil motor vertically to move along a straight line, and master grating scale and force snesor obtained The displacement of axle and load data send to computer, to obtain the load-displacement relation of soft material to be measured: S=f (F), wherein, S is the main shaft displacement relative to workpiece origin, and F is the power of main shaft feedback；
Described translation stage is located at the lower section of voice coil motor, it is used for place soft material to be measured, to be measured The side of soft material is provided with ccd video camera, before this ccd video camera is used for shooting soft material pressurization After deformation pattern, and by deformation pattern transmission in computer, it is thus achieved that the deformation data of soft material.
As it is further preferred that described workpiece origin determines in the following way: make voice coil motor Main shaft at full speed, the mode of low strength close to the surface of soft material to be measured, the most persistently monitor position Error, until site error arrives setting value, makes the position of main shaft keep constant, with this point for programming Initial point.
As it is further preferred that the speed of described high speed is specially 8000 μm/s, low strength is concrete For the gentle contact power less than 10 g.
As it is further preferred that described setting value is 50 μm.
As it is further preferred that described controller is connected with power transfer module, this Power convert mould Block and computer are directly by 220V Alternating Current Power Supply.
As it is further preferred that described stand includes base and the vertical plate being vertically mounted on base； Described controller and power transfer module are installed on the side of vertical plate；Described voice coil motor and translation stage It is installed on the opposite side of vertical plate.
As it is further preferred that be provided with reinforcement between described base and vertical plate.
It is another aspect of this invention to provide that provide a kind of soft material mechanical property measuring method, its profit Measure with described device, comprising:
Computer transmission program instructs to controller, and the main shaft of voice coil motor is edge under the driving of controller Vertical direction to move along a straight line, it is weak that voice coil motor realizes with soft material to be measured in the way of soft landing Power contacts；When the surface of main shaft with soft material to be measured just contacts, it is set to workpiece origin, afterwards Main shaft continues motion, and soft material produces deformation under the load effect of main shaft；Light within voice coil motor Main shaft displacement and load data that grid chi and force snesor obtain send to computer, soft material one to be measured The ccd video camera of side takes the photograph the deformation pattern before and after soft material pressurization, and by deformation pattern transmission to calculating To obtain deformation data in machine；By displacement and load data the deformation data combining deformation pattern, Quantitative scoring calculates the mechanical property parameters of soft material.
As it is further preferred that the mechanical property parameters of described soft material includes elastic modelling quantity, delayed Ring performance parameter and fatigue behaviour parameter.
As it is further preferred that described elastic modelling quantity computing formula is as follows:
E = PL 0 Δ L Δ A ;
Wherein, P is imposed load, L0For the overall length of soft material, Δ L is the deflection of soft material, and Δ A is Cross-sectional area during soft material measurement.
In general, by the contemplated above technical scheme of the present invention compared with prior art, mainly Possess following technological merit:
1. the main shaft of the voice coil motor of the present invention does straight line fortune along vertical direction under the driving of controller Dynamic, utilize soft landing functional realiey to contact with the low force of soft material sample, the most continuable monitoring position The error put, can arrange programming zero easily.
2. the actuator of the present invention can carry out the control of position, strength, speed and acceleration accurately, It is directly driven by controller, has the highest accuracy and repeatability, may be implemented in power, speed And freely change between the Three models of position.
3. the present invention measures the deformation data of soft material under small strain, and and sound by ccd video camera The load-displacement data of circle motor feedback combine, and can obtain material more fully mechanics fast and accurately Performance parameter.The many kinds of forces such as soft material elastic modelling quantity, mechanical property hysteresis loop, fatigue behaviour can be realized Learn the measurement of performance.
The compact overall structure of measurement apparatus the most of the present invention, multiple functional, certainty of measurement is high, measures model Enclose wide, it is adaptable to the measurement of the multiple mechanical property of multiple soft material.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the integral layout figure of the soft material mechanical property measuring device of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 (a) and (b) are the stereograms of the soft material mechanical property measuring device of the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to make the purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearer, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing And embodiment, the present invention is further elaborated.Should be appreciated that described herein specifically Embodiment only in order to explain the present invention, is not intended to limit the present invention.Additionally, it is disclosed below Just may be used as long as technical characteristic involved in each embodiment of the present invention does not constitutes conflict each other To be mutually combined.
As it is shown in figure 1, a kind of soft material mechanical property measuring device that the embodiment of the present invention provides, its Mainly include voice coil motor 1, controller 2, computer 6, translation stage 4 and ccd video camera 8, this Invention mainly utilizes voice coil motor as actuator, and the force snesor directly using voice coil motor built-in is anti- Feedback force data, built-in grid chi feedback displacement data, thus Real-time Feedback while actuator motions Displacement-load data during soft material tension and compression deformation, by the soft landing function setting of voice coil motor Workpiece origin is to adapt to the soft material of differing heights.Concrete, measurement apparatus overall dimensions is 243mm ×260mm×360mm。
Separately below all parts in measurement apparatus is described in detail.
Voice coil motor 1, it is as the actuator of this measurement apparatus, is installed on stand 5, and it includes setting The grating scale in portion, force snesor and main shaft in the inner, this grating scale is for feeding back voice coil loudspeaker voice coil electric machine main shaft Position, i.e. provides positional information, and this force snesor is used for feeding back in loading procedure loading axle (i.e. main shaft) The data of power, i.e. provide force data, and this main shaft is for loading soft material.
Voice coil motor 1 is controlled by controller 2, and this controller 2 enters for the main shaft controlling voice coil motor Row linear motion, and by changing the size of main shaft displacement to change the load being applied to above soft material. Concrete, actuator voice coil motor 1 can be changed between power, speed and position Three models, I.e. sending force mode instruction to controller 2, the power with a certain size is travelled forward by actuator main shaft； To controller 2 transmission speed mode instruction, the speed with a certain size is travelled forward by actuator main shaft； Sending mode position instruction to controller 2, actuator main shaft will be moved to relative position or absolute position.
Controller 2 one end connects actuator (voice coil motor), and the other end is connected with computer (PC), The control instruction of sequencing is sent on controller 2 by PC end, to control the motion of voice coil motor.? When soft material is measured, obtain master respectively according to the grid chi within voice coil motor 1 and force snesor The displacement of axle and load data, this displacement and load data are directly gathered by controller, and pass through control The data gathered are sent to computer by device processed, and computer is analyzed according to the data gathered and locates Reason, to obtain load-displacement relation f of soft material to be measured:
S=f (F)；
Wherein, S is the main shaft displacement relative to workpiece origin, and F is the power of main shaft feedback.
Further, workpiece origin (i.e. programming zero) determines in the following way: make voice coil motor 1 Main shaft at full speed, the mode of low strength close to the surface of soft material 7 to be measured, the most persistently monitor The following error of site error, i.e. main shaft, following error is requirement position and the actual bit of motion of main shaft The difference put, until following error reaches set site error, such as 50 μm, then makes main shaft Position keep constant, set this point as workpiece origin, perform the function after soft landing.Wherein, At high speed, to refer specifically to speed be 8000 μm/s to low strength, and strength is the gentle contact power less than 10 g.
More specifically, controller 2 is connected with power transfer module 3, this power transfer module 3 He Computer 6 is powered by same power supply 9, is specially directly by 220V Alternating Current Power Supply, controller 2 and electricity Source modular converter 3 is installed on the same side of stand 5.Controller 2 and the installation of power transfer module 3 Only need to play fixation, it is not necessary to machining accuracy and cooperation requirement, only need its installation site of reasonable layout Ensure compactedness and the integrality of outward appearance of structure.
Stand 5 is fixed for the installation realizing miscellaneous part, and for ensureing the stability measured, its Including base 51 and the vertical plate 52 being vertically mounted on base 51, controller 2 and Power convert mould Block 3 is located at the side of vertical plate 52, voice coil motor 1 and translation stage 4 and is located at another of vertical plate 52 Side.For the ease of measurement apparatus placement, take and measure time stability, need to ensure base 51 with Experimental bench has bigger contact area, and contact area needs finishing, and the bottom surface of base 51 selects The groove opening a wide 143mm can reduce finishing area.
Owing to voice coil motor moves along major axes orientation, therefore it is arranged on the vertical plate of stand, Main shaft is arranged along vertical direction, is arranged on vertical plate by such as fillister head screw, due to voice coil loudspeaker voice coil Motor 1 is arranged on vertical plate, and voice coil motor 1 is the main of soft material Mechanics Performance Testing device Parts, its installation accuracy directly affects the experimental precision of whole device, therefore, in the peace of vertical plate Finish on dress face.
For the ease of fixed installation, the base of stand is provided with four counter sinks, by mounting foot spiral shell Bolt fixes the test device of the present invention, and bolt head bottom surface need to be assembled with counter sink surface, therefore countersunk head Hole surface is matching surface, needs finishing.In order to improve the stability of vertical plate, at base with perpendicular Connected by welding procedure between straight plate and have reinforcement 53.
Translation stage 4 is used for placing and move horizontally test soft material, and it is arranged on voice coil motor 1 time Face, is fixed on the base of test device stand 5 by mounting foot bolt, and its installation accuracy is direct Affecting the experimental precision of whole device, for ensureing the accuracy of test, installed surface to ensure certain adding Work precision.
The side of soft material to be measured is provided with ccd video camera 8, and this ccd video camera 8 is used for shooting soft Deformation pattern before and after material pressurization, and by deformation pattern transmission to computer 6.Concrete, profit The digital picture on testee surface before and after deforming with video camera shooting, i.e. with CCD as photoelectric sensing Deflection in device monitoring materials in tension and compression deformation process, the method is not only measured than conventional extensometer Method is more objective, moreover it is possible to measure soft material whole deformation process, digital picture before and after finally deforming in real time Carry out coupling and obtain the deformation data of measured object, the width-telescopic amount etc. of such as material.
Wherein, before and after utilizing deformation, digital picture carries out the base that coupling obtains the deformation data of measured object Present principles is to take the certain pixel size centered by certain unknown point in the reference picture of CCD shooting Rectangle is the sub-district of reference picture, is scanned for by certain searching method after deformation in image, and Carry out correlation computations according to selected coefficient correlation, it is thus achieved that coefficient correlation take extreme value by certain put centered by The sub-district of target image, so that it is determined that the displacement in the sub-district of reference picture.Such as can select measured material wheel Exterior feature border point the most clearly is unknown point, and the rectangle taking certain pixel size centered by this point is ginseng Examining image subsection, after hierarchical loading, mate deformation pattern, before and after deformation, image subsection is the most similar Time coefficient correlation take minimum of a value, this region is the sub-district of target image, thus available test specimen surface Profile each point deflection.
The control of the measurement apparatus of the present invention is broadly divided into two parts, is motion control and data respectively Collection analysis controls.Motion control is completed by the communication of controller with computer, in computer and control When carrying out data communication between device processed, can use multiple programming language, these orders are led to by serial ports News, directly drive voice coil motor motion or preserve in memory.Data collection and analysis controls main It is the load-displacement data obtained by gathering in soft material Mechanics Performance Testing experiment, experimental data is entered Row analytical calculation, draws the mechanical property parameters of soft material.
The whole measurement apparatus of the present invention is controlled by the upper computer software in computer 6, including sound The motion of circle motor 1 main shaft, the pattern of the stress deformation curve of generation and the collection of experimental data with after Process.Translation stage 4 is manually controllable, it is possible to be designed as motor control.
Present invention also offers a kind of soft material mechanical property measuring method, itself particularly as follows:
Computer 6 transmission program instructs to controller 2, and the main shaft of voice coil motor 1 drives controller 2 Moving along a straight line along vertical direction under Dong, voice coil motor realizes and softwood to be measured in the way of soft landing The low force contact of material 7；When the surface of main shaft with soft material 7 to be measured just contacts, it is set to programming After initial point, main shaft continues motion, and soft material produces deformation under the load effect of main shaft；Voice coil motor 1 Internal grid chi and force snesor gather displacement and the load data of main shaft respectively, and by displacement and load Data are transmitted to computer 6, and the ccd video camera 8 of soft material 7 side to be measured shoots soft material pressurization Deformation pattern front and back, and by deformation pattern transmission to computer 6, to obtain the deformation of soft material Data；By displacement and load data the deformation data combining deformation pattern, quantitative scoring calculates softwood The mechanical property parameters of material.
Below as a example by soft material elastic modelling quantity, mechanical property hysteresis loop and fatigue test, retouch further State the test process of the present invention.
1) elasticity modulus test
Elastic modelling quantity computing formula is as follows:
E = PL 0 Δ L Δ A ;
Wherein, P is imposed load, and Δ L is the deflection of soft material, and Δ A is during soft material is measured Cross-sectional area, L0Overall length for soft material.
In test process, the cross-sectional area of soft material is being constantly occurring change, by digital correlation side After method (i.e. ccd video camera 8) measurement deformation, the profile of material is in the hope of cross-sectional area Δ A.Pass through sound Circle electric machine built-in grating scale records the deflection Δ L of soft material, by the force snesor that voice coil motor is built-in The imposed load P of material can be obtained, be fed back in computer to draw soft material under different distortion Elastic modelling quantity performance.
2) mechanical property hysteresis loop test
The measurement apparatus of the present invention can carry out material mechanical performance hysteresis loop test, should by drawing stress Varied curve i.e. can get the mechanical property hysteresis loop of soft material.Material is under cyclic loading, and its stress should Becoming response to be very different with dull loading, overall strain width includes bullet strain amplitude and plastic strain width:
Δ ε=Δ εe+Δεp；
Wherein, Δ ε is overall strain width, Δ εeFor playing strain amplitude, Δ εpFor plastic strain width.Complete Load-deformation curve corresponding to load cycle surrounds a loop line closed, and claims hysteresis loop or delayed Ring.Experimentation is obtained by the stress and strain value during monitoring soft material loading and unloading The hysteretic properties of soft material.
3) fatigue test
The measurement apparatus of the present invention can carry out the fatigue test of soft material, by computer to controller 2 Send control instruction, make actuator voice coil motor apply alternate load to soft material, obtain test material Intensity under alternate load, is fatigue strength.
R = σ m i n σ max ;
Wherein, R is stress ratio, σminFor minimum load, σmaxFor maximum load, by computer Software records R=-1 time material cycle-index when being damaged and imposed load size, draw out table Show the S-N curve of relation between applied stress level and standard specimen fatigue life, i.e. can get softwood The fatigue behaviour of material.
As it will be easily appreciated by one skilled in the art that and the foregoing is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, Not in order to limit the present invention, all made within the spirit and principles in the present invention any amendment, etc. With replacement and improvement etc., should be included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1.一种软材料力学性能测量装置，其特征在于，该测量装置包括音圈电机(1)、控制器(2)、计算机(6)、平移台(4)和CCD摄像机(8)，其中：1. a soft material mechanical property measuring device is characterized in that, the measuring device comprises a voice coil motor (1), a controller (2), a computer (6), a translation stage (4) and a CCD camera (8), wherein : 所述音圈电机(1)安装于台架(5)，其由控制器(2)控制，其包括设于其内部的栅尺、力传感器和主轴；所述控制器(2)与计算机(6)相连，其根据计算机(6)发送的指令驱动音圈电机(1)沿竖直方向做直线运动，并将光栅尺和力传感器获取的主轴的位移和载荷数据发送至计算机(6)，以获得待测软材料(7)的载荷-位移关系：S＝f(F)，其中，S为主轴相对于编程原点的位移，F为主轴反馈的力；Described voice coil motor (1) is installed on stand (5), and it is controlled by controller (2), and it comprises scale, force transducer and main shaft that are located at its interior; Described controller (2) and computer ( 6) connected, which drives the voice coil motor (1) to move linearly in the vertical direction according to the instructions sent by the computer (6), and sends the displacement and load data of the main shaft obtained by the grating ruler and the force sensor to the computer (6), To obtain the load-displacement relationship of the soft material (7) to be measured: S=f(F), wherein, S is the displacement of the main shaft relative to the programming origin, and F is the force fed back by the main shaft; 所述平移台(4)设于音圈电机(1)的下方，其上用于放置待测软材料(7)，在待测软材料(7)的一侧设置有CCD摄像机(8)，该CCD摄像机(8)用于拍摄软材料加压前后的变形图像，并将变形图像传输至计算机(6)中，获得软材料的变形数据。The translation stage (4) is arranged under the voice coil motor (1), on which the soft material (7) to be tested is placed, and a CCD camera (8) is arranged on one side of the soft material to be tested (7), The CCD camera (8) is used to take deformation images of the soft material before and after pressurization, and transmit the deformation images to the computer (6) to obtain deformation data of the soft material. 2.如权利要求1所述的软材料力学性能测量装置，其特征在于，所述编程原点采用如下方式确定：使音圈电机(1)的主轴以高速度、低力量的方式接近待测软材料(7)的表面，同时持续监控位置误差，直到位置误差到达设定值，使主轴的位置保持不变，以该点为编程原点。2. The device for measuring the mechanical properties of soft materials according to claim 1, wherein the programming origin is determined in the following manner: make the main shaft of the voice coil motor (1) approach the soft material to be tested in a manner of high speed and low force. The surface of the material (7), while continuously monitoring the position error, until the position error reaches the set value, so that the position of the spindle remains unchanged, and this point is used as the programming origin. 3.如权利要求2所述的软材料力学性能测量装置，其特征在于，所述高速度的速度具体为8000μm/s，低力量具体为低于10公克的轻柔接触力。3. The device for measuring the mechanical properties of soft materials according to claim 2, wherein the high speed is specifically 8000 μm/s, and the low force is specifically a gentle contact force of less than 10 grams. 4.如权利要求2所述的软材料力学性能测量装置，其特征在于，所述设定值为50μm。4. The device for measuring mechanical properties of soft materials according to claim 2, wherein the set value is 50 μm. 5.如权利要求4所述的软材料力学性能测量装置，其特征在于，所述控制器(2)与电源转换模块(3)相连，该电源转换模块(3)和计算机(6)直接由220V交流供电。5. The soft material mechanical property measuring device according to claim 4, characterized in that, the controller (2) is connected to the power conversion module (3), and the power conversion module (3) and the computer (6) are directly controlled by 220V AC power supply. 6.如权利要求5所述的软材料力学性能测量装置，其特征在于，所述台架(5)包括底座(51)和垂直安装在底座(51)上的竖直板(52)；所述控制器(2)与电源转换模块(3)安装于竖直板(52)的一侧；所述音圈电机(1)和平移台(4)安装于竖直板(52)的另一侧。6. soft material mechanical property measuring device as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that, described stand (5) comprises base (51) and the vertical plate (52) that is vertically installed on base (51); The controller (2) and the power conversion module (3) are installed on one side of the vertical plate (52); the voice coil motor (1) and translation platform (4) are installed on the other side of the vertical plate (52) side. 7.如权利要求6所述的软材料力学性能测量装置，其特征在于，所述底座(51)和竖直板(52)之间设置有加强筋(53)。7. The device for measuring mechanical properties of soft materials according to claim 6, characterized in that, a reinforcing rib (53) is arranged between the base (51) and the vertical plate (52). 8.一种软材料力学性能测量方法，其特征在于，其利用如权利要求1-7所述的装置进行测量，其包括：8. A method for measuring the mechanical properties of soft materials, characterized in that it utilizes the device as claimed in claim 1-7 to measure, comprising: 计算机(6)发送程序指令给控制器(2)，音圈电机(1)的主轴在控制器(2)的驱动下沿着竖直方向做直线运动，音圈电机以软着陆的方式实现与待测软材料(7)的弱力接触；当主轴与待测软材料(7)的表面刚好接触时，设置为编程原点，之后主轴继续运动，软材料在主轴的载荷作用下产生形变；音圈电机(1)内部的光栅尺和力传感器获取的主轴位移和载荷数据发送至计算机(6)，待测软材料(7)一侧的CCD摄像机(8)拍摄软材料加压前后的变形图像，并将变形图像传输至计算机(6)中以获得变形数据；通过位移和载荷数据并结合变形图像的变形数据，定量计算出软材料的力学性能参数。The computer (6) sends program instructions to the controller (2), and the main shaft of the voice coil motor (1) moves linearly along the vertical direction under the drive of the controller (2), and the voice coil motor achieves a soft landing with the Weak force contact of the soft material (7) to be tested; when the main shaft is just in contact with the surface of the soft material (7) to be tested, it is set as the programming origin, after which the main shaft continues to move, and the soft material deforms under the load of the main shaft; sound The spindle displacement and load data obtained by the grating ruler and force sensor inside the ring motor (1) are sent to the computer (6), and the CCD camera (8) on the side of the soft material to be tested (7) takes pictures of the deformation images of the soft material before and after pressurization , and transmit the deformation image to the computer (6) to obtain deformation data; through the displacement and load data combined with the deformation data of the deformation image, the mechanical property parameters of the soft material are quantitatively calculated. 9.如权利要求8所述的软材料力学性能测量方法，其特征在于，所述软材料的力学性能参数包括弹性模量、滞后环性能参数和疲劳性能参数。9. The method for measuring the mechanical properties of soft materials according to claim 8, wherein the mechanical properties parameters of the soft materials include elastic modulus, hysteresis loop performance parameters and fatigue performance parameters. 10.如权利要求9所述的软材料力学性能测量方法，其特征在于，所述弹性模量计算公式如下：10. soft material mechanical property measuring method as claimed in claim 9, is characterized in that, described modulus of elasticity calculating formula is as follows: EE. == PLPL 00 ΔΔ LL ΔΔ AA ;; 其中，P为施加载荷，L0为软材料的总长，ΔL为软材料的变形量，ΔA为软材料测量过程中的横截面积。Among them, P is the applied load, L0 is the total length of the soft material, ΔL is the deformation of the soft material, and ΔA is the cross-sectional area of the soft material during measurement.
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