CN112079784B - 含金刚烷和杂环结构的有机电致发光化合物及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents
含金刚烷和杂环结构的有机电致发光化合物及其制备方法与应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN112079784B CN112079784B CN202010985886.5A CN202010985886A CN112079784B CN 112079784 B CN112079784 B CN 112079784B CN 202010985886 A CN202010985886 A CN 202010985886A CN 112079784 B CN112079784 B CN 112079784B
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D239/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings
- C07D239/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings
- C07D239/24—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D239/28—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D239/32—One oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen atom
- C07D239/42—One nitrogen atom
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C209/00—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton
- C07C209/68—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton from amines, by reactions not involving amino groups, e.g. reduction of unsaturated amines, aromatisation, or substitution of the carbon skeleton
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C211/00—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton
- C07C211/43—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the carbon skeleton
- C07C211/54—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to two or three six-membered aromatic rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种含金刚烷和杂环结构的有机电致发光化合物及其制备方法与应用,其化学结构式如通式I所示:
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及发光材料技术领域,具体涉及一种含金刚烷和杂环结构的有机电致发光化合物及其制备方法与应用,及以该化合物为发光辅助层的有机电致发光器件。
背景技术
OLED材料分为发光材料、空穴传输材料、电子传输材料等。其中,空穴传输材料直接影响OLED的效率和寿命。现有空穴传输区域中常用的化合物包括酞菁铜(CuPc)、4,4’-双[N-(1-萘基)-N-苯基氨基]联苯(NPB)、N,N’-二苯基-N,N’-双(3-甲基苯基)-(1,1’-联苯基)-4,4’-二胺(TPD)、4,4’,4”-三(3-甲基苯基苯基氨基)三苯胺(MTDATA)等。然而,使用这些材料的OLED在使量子效率和使用寿命恶化方面存在问题。这是因为空穴传输材料通常具有低的最高已占据分子轨道(HOMO)值,在发光层中生成的激子扩散到空穴传输层界面或者空穴传输层侧,最终导致在发光层内界面的发光或者发光层内的电荷不均衡,从而在空穴传输层的界面上发光,使有机电致发光器件的色纯度及效率变低,并且寿命变短;另外,当在高电流下驱动OLED时,在阳极与空穴注入层之间出现热应力,并且所述热应力显著降低装置的使用寿命。此外,由于空穴传输区域中使用的有机材料具有非常高的空穴迁移率,所以可能破坏空穴-电子电荷平衡并且量子效率可能降低。
为了解决寿命和效率问题,通常会在空穴输送层和发光层之间加入发光辅助层(多层空穴输送层)。发光辅助层主要起到辅助空穴传输层的作用,因此有时也称为第二空穴传输层。发光辅助层使得从阳极转移的空穴能够平稳地移动到发光层,并且可以阻挡从阴极转移的电子,以将电子限制在发光层内,减少空穴传输层与发光层之间的势垒,降低有机电致发光器件的驱动电压,进一步增加空穴的利用率,从而改善器件的发光效率和寿命。目前作为发光辅助层的材料有限,这类材料大多采用芴环结构,它们在具备较高的空穴迁移率,同时具备较高的T1能量阻挡复合后的激子外扩到传输层,使得从阳极转移的空穴能够平稳地移动到发光层,减少空穴传输层与发光层之间的势垒,降低器件的驱动电压,进一步增加空穴的利用率,从而改善器件的发光效率和寿命。但芴环结构在器件中的应用仍需要从以下方面进行改善:(1)结晶度和成膜性需要进一步提升;(2)玻璃化转变温度和热稳定性需要提高;(3)筛选与空穴传输材料能级更加合理的能级搭配,进一步降低驱动电压;(4)兼顾发光层材料与传输材料,提高器件的寿命和效率。
发明内容
鉴于上述技术问题,本发明的第一个目的在于提供一种含金刚烷和杂环结构的有机电致发光化合物,该化合物中的金刚烷具有高空间对称性和刚性结构,将其引入稠环单元中,可以有效的提升化合物的热稳定性,同时金刚烷构筑单元的引入显著改善了化合物理化性能,有利于提升器件性能,延长器件寿命。
为实现上述目的,本发明是采用如下技术方案实现的。
一种含金刚烷和杂环结构的有机电致发光化合物,其化学结构式如通式I所示:
其中,
X存在或不存在;X存在时,X、Y独立的选自化学键,O,S,Si(R4R5),C(R6R7),NR8;
Y1-Y9各自独立的选自碳,氮,氧,硫原子,至少有一个为杂原子;
R1-R3取代基的位置为在所在苯环的任意位置,R1,R3的个数为0~4;R2的个数为0~3;R1-R3各自独立地选自氢、经取代或未经取代的C1-C30烷基、取代或未经取代的C6-C30芳基、取代或未经取代的3元到30元杂芳基、取代或未经取代的C1-C30烷氧基、取代或未经取代的C1-C30烷巯基、取代或未经取代的C6-C30芳基氨基;
Ar1、Ar2表示经取代或未经取代的C6-C30芳基、经取代或未经取代的3元到30元杂芳基、取代或未经取代的C10-C30稠环基、取代或未经取代的C5-C30螺环基、或与相邻取代基连接形成单环或C3-C30脂肪族环或C6-C30芳香族环,其碳原子可置换为氮、氧、硫、硅杂原子中的一个或以上。
作为本发明的优选,R1-R3各自独立地选自甲基、乙基、丙基、叔丁基、烷氧基、烷巯基、芳氧基、苯基、联苯基、或萘基;Ar1和Ar2各自独立地选自萘基、菲基、苯基、甲基苯基、三联苯基、联苯、二苯并呋喃、二苯并噻吩、环戊二噻吩、环戊二呋喃、芴及其衍生物。
作为本发明的进一步优选,该发光化合物选自下述结构中的任意一个:
本发明的第二个目的在于提供上述含金刚烷和杂环结构的有机电致发光化合物的制备方法,当X不存在时,化合物的合成路线如下:
具体制备方法包括以下步骤:
步骤1:将反应物B加入到三口瓶中,加入无水四氢呋喃,氮气置换三次,随后将反应体系降温至-78℃,滴加n-BuLi,在-78℃下搅拌2h;反应物A溶于四氢呋喃中,滴加至反应体系中,滴加完毕后升温至室温搅拌10h;加入蒸馏水终止反应,分液收集有机相,加入无水硫酸镁干燥;通过旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂,得到中间体C;
步骤2:将中间体C、反应物D加入三口瓶中,加入甲苯、四氢呋喃搅拌至充分溶解,缓慢加入甲基磺酸,室温搅拌10h;加入蒸馏水终止反应,分液,水相用二氯甲烷萃取三次,合并有机相,加入无水硫酸镁干燥,柱层析,洗脱剂为二氯甲烷:石油醚=1:6得到通式I;
当X存在时,化合物的合成路线如下:
具体制备方法包括以下步骤:
步骤1:将反应物B加入三口瓶中,加入无水四氢呋喃并氮气置换三次,随后将反应体系降温至-78℃,滴加n-BuLi,搅拌2h;将反应物A溶于四氢呋喃中,滴加至反应体系中,滴加完毕后升温至室温搅拌10h;加入蒸馏水终止反应,分液收集有机相,加入无水硫酸镁干燥;通过旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂,得到中间体C;
步骤2:将中间体C加入三口瓶中,加入冰醋酸,加热至120℃,滴加浓硫酸,搅拌5min;冷却至室温,加入碳酸氢钠溶液终止反应,分液,水相用二氯甲烷萃取三次,收集有机相,加入无水硫酸镁干燥,通过旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂,得到中间体D;
步骤3:N2保护下,将中间体E、反应物F、四(三苯基膦)钯和碳酸钾分别加入到体积比3:1:1的甲苯、乙醇、水的混合溶剂中,升温至110℃回流反应8h,反应结束后,冷却至室温,待固体析出完毕后,抽滤后用水洗涤除去盐,用乙醇淋洗,干燥滤饼,柱层析,洗脱剂为二氯甲烷:石油醚=1:6,得到通式I。
本发明的第三个目的在于提供上述通式I所示的有机电致发光化合物作为发光辅助层材料、空穴传输层材料,在制作有机电致发光器件领域的应用。
本发明的第四个目的在于提供一种有机电致发光器件,其结构包括从下而上依次叠加的ITO玻璃基板、空穴注入层、空穴传输层、发光辅助层、发光层、空穴阻挡层、电子传输层、电子注入层和阴极层,所述发光辅助层中包含通式I、所示的有机电致发光化合物。
作为本发明的优选,所述空穴注入层是厚度为50nm的4,4',4”-三[2-萘基苯基氨基]三苯基胺(2-TNATA);所述空穴传输层是厚度为60nm的化合物NPB,所述发光辅助层是厚度为20nm的通式I所示的有机电致发光化合物;所述发光层是厚度为30nm的主体材料CBP和掺杂材料(Irppy)2(acac),主体材料和掺杂材料的重量比为93:7;所述空穴阻挡层是厚度为10nm的BAlq;所述电子传输层是厚度为40nm的Alq3;所述电子注入层是厚度为0.2nm氟化锂。
本发明的优点和有益效果:
(1)本发明提供的有机电致发光化合物通过金刚烷结构的使用和杂原子的引入改变了化合物的空间结构,而且金刚烷构筑单元具有高空间对称性和刚性结构,将其引入稠环单元中,可以改善化合物理化性能,显著提升化合物的热稳定性,有利于提升器件性能,延长器件寿命。
(2)本发明提供的有机电致发光化合物中杂原子的引入进一步拉深了化合物的HOMO能级,使器件寿命和效率增加,尤其是器件寿命得到了大幅度提高,甚至增加至约50%。
(3)本发明的发光化合物制备方法简单,合成路线较短,原料易得,得到的粗品容易提纯,可得到高纯度的发光辅助材料,适合工业化生产。
(4)利用本发明的发光化合物制备的有机电致发光器件的驱动电压大幅降低,寿命和效率显著提升,这些性能上的显著效果使材料满足量产的条件。
附图说明
图1为本发明化合物3与对比化合物4的TGA(热重分析)图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本申请实施例对本申请的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅是本申请一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本申请保护的范围。
一种含金刚烷和杂环结构的有机电致发光化合物,其化学结构式如通式I所示:
其中,
X存在或不存在;X存在时,X、Y独立的选自化学键,O,S,Si(R4R5),C(R6R7),NR8;
Y1-Y9各自独立的选自碳,氮,氧,硫原子,至少有一个为杂原子;
R1-R3取代基的位置为在所在苯环的任意位置,R1,R3的个数为0~4;R2的个数为0~3;R1-R3各自独立地选自氢、经取代或未经取代的C1-C30烷基、取代或未经取代的C6-C30芳基、取代或未经取代的3元到30元杂芳基、取代或未经取代的C1-C30烷氧基、取代或未经取代的C1-C30烷巯基、取代或未经取代的C6-C30芳基氨基;
Ar1、Ar2表示经取代或未经取代的C6-C30芳基、经取代或未经取代的3元到30元杂芳基、取代或未经取代的C10-C30稠环基、取代或未经取代的C5-C30螺环基、或与相邻取代基连接形成单环或C3-C30脂肪族环或C6-C30芳香族环,其碳原子可置换为氮、氧、硫、硅等杂原子中的一个或以上;
进一步,R1-R3各自独立地选自甲基、乙基、丙基、叔丁基、烷氧基、烷巯基、芳氧基、苯基、联苯基、或萘基;Ar1和Ar2各自独立地选自萘基、菲基、苯基、甲基苯基、三联苯基、联苯、二苯并呋喃、二苯并噻吩、环戊二噻吩、环戊二呋喃、芴及其衍生物。
在上述技术方案中,术语“经取代或未经取代的”意指被选自以下的一个、两个或更多个取代基取代:氘;卤素基团;腈基;羟基;羰基;酯基;甲硅烷基;硼基;经取代或未经取代的烷基;经取代或未经取代的环烷基;经取代或未经取代的烷氧基;经取代或未经取代的烯基;经取代或未经取代的烷基胺基;经取代或未经取代的杂环基胺基;经取代或未经取代的芳基胺基;经取代或未经取代的芳基;和经取代或未经取代的杂环基,或者被以上所示的取代基中的两个或更多个取代基相连接的取代基取代,或者不具有取代基。例如,“两个或更多个取代基相连接的取代基”可以包括联苯基。换言之,联苯基可以为芳基,或者可以解释为两个苯基相连接的取代基。
实施例1化合物1的合成
合成路线:
具体合成方法:
步骤1:将反应物B-1(50mmol)加入到500mL三口瓶中,加入无水四氢呋喃100mL,氮气置换三次,随后将反应体系降温至-78℃,滴加20mL n-BuLi(2.5M)(50mmol),在-78℃下搅拌2h。将中间体A-1(42mmol)溶于50mL四氢呋喃中,滴加至反应体系中,滴加完毕后升温至室温搅拌10h。加入100mL蒸馏水终止反应,分液收集有机相,加入无水硫酸镁干燥。通过旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂,得到中间体C-1(10.1g,产率76%,MS:316.18)。
步骤2:将中间体C-1(30mmol)、中间体D-1(36mmol)加入500mL三口瓶中,加入75mL甲苯、75mL四氢呋喃搅拌至充分溶解,缓慢加入甲基磺酸(0.3mol),室温搅拌10h。加入200mL蒸馏水终止反应,分液,水相用二氯甲烷萃取三次,合并有机相,加入无水硫酸镁干燥,柱层析(洗脱剂:乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1:8)得到固体产物1(19.5g,产率88%,MS:737.99)。
对所得化合物1进行检测分析,结果如下:
HPLC纯度:>99.83%。
质谱测试:理论值为737.99;测试值为738.02。
元素分析:
理论值为:C,87.89;H,6.42;N,5.69
测试值为:C,87.90;H,6.41;N,5.68
注:本申请中间体A-1的合成方法是参照现有文献自行合成的,具体情况如下:
A-1参考文献:
1、Org.Lett.,Vol.2,No.23,2000
2、J.Am.Chem.Soc.1996,118,7075-7082
合成路线:
具体合成方法:
步骤1:将反应物Pd2(dba)3和S-Phos加入到三口瓶中,加入无水1,4-二氧六环1L,氮气置换三次,室温下搅拌30min,依次加入1-溴金刚烷、联硼酸频哪醇脂、醋酸钾,升温至120℃搅拌10h。加入蒸馏水终止反应,分液收集有机相,加入无水硫酸镁干燥。柱层析通过旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂,得到白色中间体C;
步骤2:将中间体C、反应物D、Pd(pph3)4、碳酸钾加入经氮气置换三次的三口瓶中,加入甲苯、无水乙醇、蒸馏水搅拌至充分溶解,升温至85℃搅拌30min。冷却至室温,分液,水相用二氯甲烷萃取三次,合并有机相,加入无水硫酸镁干燥,通过旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂,得到白色固体中间体E;
步骤3:将中间体E,反应物F加入到三口瓶中,加入无水DMSO,氮气置换三次,搅拌至充分溶解,随后加入Pd(OAC)2、PCy3、Cs2CO3、2-(MeO)C6H4CO2H,升温至110℃搅拌10h,冷却至室温,加入蒸馏水,分液,水相用二氯甲烷萃取三次,合并有机相,无水硫酸镁干燥,柱层析得到中间体A-1。
本申请中间体D-1的合成路线:
具体合成方法:
在反应容器中加入化学式1和化学式2溶于甲苯之后,在氮气氛围下加入Pd2(dba)3、P(t-Bu)3、t-BuONa。添加后,使反应温度升温到110℃,并且搅拌混合物10h。接着将蒸馏水添加到反应溶液中并且用乙酸乙酯萃取反应溶液。接着使用硫酸镁干燥萃取的有机层,并且使用旋转式蒸发器去除溶剂。用管柱色谱法纯化剩余物质,获得化合物D-1。
注:两个原料均是直接购买的,两个原料均购买自AA blocks。
实施例2化合物41的合成
合成路线:
具体合成方法:
步骤1:将反应物B-41(120mmol)加入到500mL三口瓶中,加入无水四氢呋喃200mL,氮气置换三次,随后将反应体系降温至-78℃,滴加40mL n-BuLi(2.5M)(120mmol),在-78℃下搅拌2h。将反应物A-41(100mmol)溶于50mL四氢呋喃中,滴加至反应体系中,滴加完毕后升温至室温搅拌10h。加入100mL蒸馏水终止反应,分液收集有机相,加入无水硫酸镁干燥。通过旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂,得到中间体C-41(32.2g,产率73%,441.19)。
步骤2:将中间体C-41(70mmol)加入1L三口瓶中,加入400mL冰醋酸,加热至120℃,滴加浓硫酸10mL,搅拌5min。冷却至室温,加入500mL碳酸氢钠溶液终止反应,分液,水相用二氯甲烷萃取三次,收集有机相,加入无水硫酸镁干燥,通过旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂,得到固体中间体D-41(25.5g,产率86%,MS:423.18)。
步骤3:将中间体D-41(60mmol),反应物E-41(66mmol)、四(三苯基膦)钯(0.06mmol)和碳酸钾(120mmol)分别加入到甲苯、乙醇、水(180mL;60mL;60mL)的混合溶剂中,升温至110℃回流反应8h,反应结束后,冷却至室温,待固体析出完毕后,抽滤后用水洗涤除去去盐,用乙醇淋洗,干燥滤饼,柱层析(洗脱剂:乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1:8),得到化合物41(36.6g,产率80%,MS:762.36)。
对所得化合物41进行检测分析,结果如下:
HPLC纯度:>99.87%。
质谱测试:理论值为762.36;测试值为762.38。
元素分析:
理论值为:C,88.15;H,6.08;N,3.67;O,2.10
测试值为:C,88.14;H,6.08;N,3.68;O,2.11
注:本实施例中间体A-41的合成方法同中间体A-1的合成方法。
实施例3化合物60的合成
合成路线:
具体合成方法:
步骤1:将反应物B-60(120mmol)加入到500mL三口瓶中,加入无水四氢呋喃200mL,氮气置换三次,随后将反应体系降温至-78℃,滴加40mL n-BuLi(2.5M)(120mmol),在-78℃下搅拌2h。将反应物A-60(100mmol)溶于50mL四氢呋喃中,滴加至反应体系中,滴加完毕后升温至室温搅拌10h。加入100mL蒸馏水终止反应,分液收集有机相,加入无水硫酸镁干燥。通过旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂,得到中间体C-60(36.4g,产率75%,MS:485.21)。
步骤2:将中间体C-60(70mmol)加入1L三口瓶中,加入400mL冰醋酸,加热至120℃,滴加浓硫酸10mL,搅拌5min。冷却至室温,加入500mL碳酸氢钠溶液终止反应,分液,水相用二氯甲烷萃取三次,收集有机相,加入无水硫酸镁干燥,通过旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂,得到固体中间体D-60(28.8g,产率88%,MS:467.20)。
步骤3:将中间体D-60(60mmol),反应物E-60(66mmol)、四(三苯基膦)钯(0.06mmol)和碳酸钾(120mmol)分别加入到甲苯、乙醇、水(180mL;60mL;60mL)的混合溶剂中,升温至110℃回流反应8h,反应结束后,冷却至室温,待固体析出完毕后,抽滤后用水洗涤除去去盐,用乙醇淋洗,干燥滤饼,柱层析(洗脱剂:乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1:8),得到化合物60(38.0g,产率79%,MS:802.39)。
对所得化合物60进行检测分析,结果如下:
HPLC纯度:>99.81%。
质谱测试:理论值为802.39;测试值为802.42。
元素分析:
理论值为:C,88.24;H,6.28;N,3.49;O,1.99
测试值为:C,88.25;H,6.27;N,3.49;O,2.00
注:本实施例中间体A-60的合成方法参照中间体A-1的合成方法。
实施例4化合物95的合成
合成路线:
具体合成路线:
步骤1:将反应物B-95(120mmol)加入到500mL三口瓶中,加入无水四氢呋喃200mL,氮气置换三次,随后将反应体系降温至-78℃,滴加40mL n-BuLi(2.5M)(120mmol),在-78℃下搅拌2h。将反应物A-95(100mmol)溶于50mL四氢呋喃中,滴加至反应体系中,滴加完毕后升温至室温搅拌10h。加入100mL蒸馏水终止反应,分液收集有机相,加入无水硫酸镁干燥。通过旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂,得到中间体C-95(30.8g,产率72%,MS:427.17)。
步骤2:将中间体C-95(70mmol)加入1L三口瓶中,加入400mL冰醋酸,加热至120℃,滴加浓硫酸10mL,搅拌5min。冷却至室温,加入500mL碳酸氢钠溶液终止反应,分液,水相用二氯甲烷萃取三次,收集有机相,加入无水硫酸镁干燥,通过旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂,得到固体中间体D-95(24.9g,产率87%,MS:409.16)。
步骤3:将中间体D-95(60mmol),反应物E-95(66mmol)、四(三苯基膦)钯(0.06mmol)和碳酸钾(120mmol)分别加入到甲苯、乙醇、水(180mL;60mL;60mL)的混合溶剂中,升温至110℃回流反应8h,反应结束后,冷却至室温,待固体析出完毕后,抽滤后用水洗涤除去去盐,用乙醇淋洗,干燥滤饼,柱层析(洗脱剂:乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1:8),得到化合物95(38.5g,产率84%,MS:764.32)。
对所得化合物95进行检测分析,结果如下:
HPLC纯度:>99.81%。
质谱测试:理论值为764.32;测试值为764.35。
元素分析:
理论值为:C,86.35;H,5.80;N,3.66;S,4.19
测试值为:C,86.36;H,5.81;N,3.68;S,4.19
注:本实施例中间体A-95的合成方法参照中间体A-1的合成方法。
实施例5至实施例19
参照实施例1至3的合成方法完成对化合物3、7、18、24、36、44、53、61、65、79、83、87、90、96、100的合成,质谱和分子式列于下表1。
表1:
另外,需要说明,本申请其他化合物参照上述所列举的实施例的合成方法即可获得,所以在此不再一一例举。
本发明还提供了一种有机电致发光器件,包括以上有机发光化合物或上述制备方法制备的有机发光化合物;所述有机电致发光器件为本领域技术人员熟知的有机电致发光器件即可。
本发明所述的有机电致发光器件包括第一电极、第二电极和设置于所述第一电极与第二电极之间的一个或多个有机物层;至少一个所述有机物层包含上述有机发光化合物。
本发明中,所述有机物层是指有机电致发光器件第一电极和第二电极之间的全部层;所述有机物层中的至少一层为发光层。
当本发明有机物层包含空穴注入层、空穴传输层、发光辅助层和同时具备空穴注入和空穴传输技能层、发光层、电子传输层、电子注入层时,所述有机物层中至少一层包含空穴注入物质、空穴传输物质、发光辅助物质或既具备空穴注入又具备空穴传输技能的物质。当本发明有机物层为单层结构时,所述有机物层为发光层,当所述有机物层为多层结构时,所述有机物层包括发光层;所述发光层中优选包括磷光主体、荧光主体、磷光掺杂材料与荧光掺杂材料中的一种或多种;当所述有机物层包括发光辅助层时,所述空穴传输层包括通式I所示的有机发光化合物。
为了更进一步的描述本发明,以下列举更具体的器件实施例。
[器件实施例1]:制造含有化合物1的有机电致发光器件
将本发明的化合物用作发光辅助层物质,按照通常的方法,制备有机电致发光元件。将涂层厚度为150nm的ITO玻璃基板放在蒸馏水中清洗2次,超声波洗涤30分钟,用蒸馏水反复清洗2次,超声波洗涤10分钟,蒸馏水清洗结束后,异丙醇、丙酮、甲醇等溶剂按顺序超声波洗涤以后干燥,转移到等离子体清洗机里,将上述基板洗涤5分钟,送到蒸镀机里。
将已经准备好的ITO透明电极上蒸镀厚度为40nm的HAT-CN作为空穴注入层;在上述空穴注入层上以60nm的厚度真空沉积N,N’-Bis(1-naphthalenyl)-N,N’-bis-phenyl-(1,1’-biphenyl)-4,4'-diamine(以下,简称为“NPB”)来形成空穴输送层;接着,在上述空穴输送层上以20nm的厚度真空沉积本发明的化合物1来形成发光辅助层后,在上述发光辅助层上以N,N’-dicarbazolyl-4-4’biphenyl(CBP)作为主体,并以(Irppy)2(acac)作为掺杂剂,将以95:5重量掺杂的化合物以30nm的厚度进行真空沉积后形成发光层。接着,在上述发光层上以10nm的厚度真空沉积BAlq来形成空穴阻挡层,在上述空穴阻挡层上以40nm的厚度真空沉积Alq3来形成电子输送层。然后,以0.2nm的厚度沉积作为卤化碱金属的LiF来形成电子注入层,接着,以150nm的厚度沉积铝(Al)来形成阴极,由此,制备出有机电致发光元件。
[器件实施例2]-[器件实施例19]
将器件实施例1中的化合物1分别置换为化合物3,7,18,24,36,41,44,53,60,61,65,79,83,87,90,95,96,100其他方法相同,分别制作含有化合物1,7,18,24,36,41,44,53,60,61,65,79,83,87,90,95,96,100的有机电致发光器件实施例2-器件实施例19。
[器件对比例1]-[器件对比例5]
器件对比例1:制造含有对比化合物1的有机电致发光器件。
按照器件实施例1的方法,将发光辅助层的化合物1置换为对比化合物1,其他方法相同,制作含有对比化合物1的有机电致发光器件。
器件对比例2:制造含有对比化合物2的有机电致发光器件。
按照器件实施例1的方法,将发光辅助层的化合物1置换为对比化合物2,其他方法相同,制作含有对比化合物2的有机电致发光器件。
器件对比例3:制造含有对比化合物3的有机电致发光器件。
按照器件实施例1的方法,将发光辅助层的化合物1置换为对比化合物3,其他方法相同,制作含有对比化合物3的有机电致发光器件。
器件对比例4:制造含有对比化合物4的有机电致发光器件。
按照器件实施例1的方法,将发光辅助层的化合物1置换为对比化合物4。
其他方法相同,制作含有对比化合物4的有机电致发光器件。
器件对比例5:制造不含有发光辅助层的有机电致发光器件。
按照器件实施例1的方法,制作器件对比例5,不同之处在于不含有发光辅助层。
表2为本发明器件实施例1~19以及器件对比例1~5的发光特性测试结果(亮度值为5000cd/m2)。
由表2可以看出,使用本发明提供化合物作为发光辅助层材料所制备的有机电致发光器件与使用对比化合物1-4作为发光辅助层材料以及不使用发光辅助层的有机电致发光器件相比,驱动电压,发光效率以及寿命得到显著提高。
从实验数据来看,与对比例1相比的主要差别在于金刚烷的使用和杂原子的引入改变了化合物的空间结构,在本发明器件的应用中显示出优异的性能。
与器件对比例3相比,二者结构相似,都含有金刚烷,主要区别在于杂原子的引入,从整体来看,二者的性能都很好。但是本发明化合物的驱动电压略有提升,发光效率略有下降,但器件寿命得到了大幅度提高,甚至增加至约50%。
另外,通过本发明化合物3与对比化合物4的热重分析结果(见图1)可以发现,本发明提供的有机电致发光化合物中将金刚烷引入稠环单元中,显著提升了化合物的热稳定性,有利于提高器件寿命,而且杂原子的引入进一步拉深了化合物的HOMO能级,使器件寿命和效率大大增加。
本领域的技术人员将明显看到,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围下,本发明可以有许多修改和变化。因此可以预期到,本发明覆盖在附带权利要求的范围及其相当范围内提供的本发明修改和变化。
对所公开的实施例的上述说明,使本领域专业技术人员能够实现或者使用本发明。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的技术人员来说将是显而易见的,本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下,在其他实施例中实现。因此,本发明将不会被限制与本文所示的这些实施例,而是符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。
Claims (7)
1.一种含金刚烷和杂环结构的有机电致发光化合物,其特征在于,其化学结构式如通式I所示:
其中,X、Y独立的选自化学键,O,S,C(CH3)2;
Y1-Y9各自独立的选自碳,氮原子,至少有一个为杂原子;
R1-R3取代基的位置为在所在环的任意位置,R1,R3的个数为0~4;R2的个数为0~3;R1-R3各自独立地选自氢、未经取代的C1-C30烷基、未经取代的C6-C30芳基、未经取代的3元到30元杂芳基、未经取代的C1-C30烷氧基、未经取代的C1-C30烷巯基、未经取代的C6-C30芳基氨基;
Ar1、Ar2表示未经取代的C6-C30芳基、未经取代的3元到30元杂芳基、未经取代的C5-C30螺环基、9,9-二甲基芴-2-基。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种含金刚烷和杂环结构的有机电致发光化合物,其特征在于,R1-R3各自独立地选自甲基、乙基、丙基、叔丁基、苯基、联苯基、或萘基;Ar1和Ar2各自独立地选自萘基、菲基、苯基、三联苯基、联苯、二苯并呋喃、二苯并噻吩。
4.权利要求1所述的含金刚烷和杂环结构的有机电致发光化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,化合物的合成路线如下:
具体制备方法包括以下步骤:
步骤1:将反应物B加入三口瓶中,加入无水四氢呋喃并氮气置换,随后将反应体系降温至-78℃,滴加n-BuLi,搅拌;将反应物A溶于四氢呋喃中,滴加至反应体系中,滴加完毕后升温至室温搅拌;加入蒸馏水终止反应,分液收集有机相,加入无水硫酸镁干燥;通过旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂,得到中间体C;
步骤2:将中间体C加入三口瓶中,加入冰醋酸,加热至120℃,滴加浓硫酸,搅拌;冷却至室温,加入碳酸氢钠溶液终止反应,分液,水相用二氯甲烷萃取,收集有机相,加入无水硫酸镁干燥,通过旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂,得到中间体D;
步骤3:N2保护下,将中间体D、反应物E、四(三苯基膦)钯和碳酸钾分别加入到体积比3:1:1的甲苯、乙醇、水的混合溶剂中,升温至110℃回流反应,反应结束后,冷却至室温,待固体析出完毕后,抽滤后用水洗涤除去盐,用乙醇淋洗,干燥滤饼,柱层析,洗脱剂为二氯甲烷:石油醚=1:6,得到通式I。
5.权利要求1中通式I所示的有机电致发光化合物作为发光辅助层材料、空穴传输层材料在制作有机电致发光器件领域的应用。
6.一种有机电致发光器件,其结构包括从下而上依次叠加的ITO玻璃基板、空穴注入层、空穴传输层、发光辅助层、发光层、空穴阻挡层、电子传输层、电子注入层和阴极层,其特征在于,所述发光辅助层中包含权利要求1中通式I所示的有机电致发光化合物。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种有机电致发光器件,其特征在于,所述空穴注入层是厚度为50nm的4,4',4”-三[2-萘基苯基氨基]三苯基胺(2-TNATA);所述空穴传输层是厚度为60nm的化合物NPB,所述发光辅助层是厚度为20nm的通式I所示的有机电致发光化合物;所述发光层是厚度为30nm的主体材料CBP和掺杂材料(Irppy)2(acac),主体材料和掺杂材料的重量比为93:7;所述空穴阻挡层是厚度为10nm的BAlq;所述电子传输层是厚度为40nm的Alq3;所述电子注入层是厚度为0.2nm氟化锂。
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