CN112075538A - 一种提高肉牛肉质嫩度和肌间脂肪含量的配方及加工工艺 - Google Patents

一种提高肉牛肉质嫩度和肌间脂肪含量的配方及加工工艺 Download PDF

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CN112075538A
CN112075538A CN202010970810.5A CN202010970810A CN112075538A CN 112075538 A CN112075538 A CN 112075538A CN 202010970810 A CN202010970810 A CN 202010970810A CN 112075538 A CN112075538 A CN 112075538A
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刘薇
丁雪
杨运玲
梁代华
殷学中
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Abstract

本发明涉及“肉牛饲料”,属于肉牛饲料领域,它含有如下重量份的原料组分:蒸汽压片玉米20份、玉米10份、豆粕23份、生物饲料8份、反刍动物专用诱食剂1.9份、精油0.03份、植物提取物0.6份、玉米DDGS10份、玉米蛋白粉20份、发酵糖蜜3.5份、碳酸钙2.5份、有机微量元素0.3份、复合维生素0.17份,将多种原料均匀混合后进行产品制备。本发明可以减小牛肉的蒸煮损失、失水率、剪切力,增强保水性,改善了牛肉的嫩度。改善瘤胃的环境,提高饲料对养分的吸收,使肉质更鲜嫩。提高了肉牛中饱和脂肪酸含量,影响了肉牛体内脂肪的沉积部位,减少皮下脂肪,显著增加了肌内脂肪的含量,进而提高了大理石花纹的等级。

Description

一种提高肉牛肉质嫩度和肌间脂肪含量的配方及加工工艺
技术领域
本发明涉及一种提高肉牛肉质嫩度和肌间脂肪含量的配方及加工工艺。
背景技术
随着人们生活水平的提高和膳食结构的改变,同时因牛肉是一种高密度营养食品,它含有必需氨基酸、维生素B12、硒、锌、烟酸等微量元素,同时具有高蛋白,低脂肪,含磷脂多、胆固醇少,肌肉纤维细嫩、柔软,风味独特等优点,所以牛肉越来越受到消费者的欢迎,牛肉消费量的增加为牛肉生产带来了难得的发展机遇。畜牧业顺应市场迅速发展,肉牛的养殖业趋向于现代化方可使得肉牛养殖业得到可持续的发展,从饲养管理到精准的饲喂,逐步提高肉牛的品质如牛肉的雪花程度以及嫩度等迫在眉睫。
发明内容
本发明研究一种提高肉牛肉质嫩度和肌间脂肪含量的配方及加工工艺,通过将几种优势原料优化组合配比成可以使肉牛生产性能达到最佳水平,可以提高牛肉的嫩度和利于肌间脂肪的形成。本发明在精料中添加一种精油成分,通过试验达到了一定的效果:可以减小牛肉的蒸煮损失、失水率、剪切力,增强保水性,改善了牛肉的嫩度。精油其中主要成分是苯酚类物质,其中香芹酚≥4%,百里香酚≥4%,丁香酚≥4%,肉桂醛≥6%。这些酚类物质在瘤胃内可以形成良好的乙酸和丙酸的比例,进而改善瘤胃的环境,提高饲料对养分的吸收,使肉质更鲜嫩。同时添加植物提取物,其中含有的大量的活性成分,例如有机酸、挥发油、黄酮类成分,都具有较强的抗氧化特性,可以清除超氧阴离子和抑制OH-的能力,当机体大量自由基遇上植物提取物中的成分时,自由基很快失去活性。这样肉牛的抗氧化能力增加,达到肉质鲜嫩。添加生物饲料,其中有益菌可以调控瘤胃菌群平衡,其中包含了产朊假丝酵母、酿酒酵母、枯草芽孢杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌等微生物。生物发酵饲料为本公司自有研发产品,合理的菌群配比,改善瘤胃环境,提高饲料养分的消化和能量的利用。提高了肉牛中饱和脂肪酸含量,影响了肉牛体内脂肪的沉积部位,减少皮下脂肪,显著增加了肌内脂肪的含量,进而提高了大理石花纹的等级。添加反刍动物专用诱食剂,醇香适口性好,增加肉牛干物质采食量以及瘤胃营养浓度。添加有机微量元素,能够满足反刍动物机体对微量元素的需求,增加抗应激和抗病能力。通过将以上饲料原料合理配比,能够提高肉牛肉质嫩度和肌间脂肪含量。
本发明是研究一种提高肉牛肉质嫩度和肌间脂肪含量的配方及加工工艺,主要针对肉牛长期育肥的过程中由于大量精料饲喂导致瘤胃环境遭到破坏后,其肉质鲜嫩程度差,以及随着消费水平提高,人们对中高端牛肉的需求增加,对牛肉的品质要求越来越苛刻等背景下进行研究的。本发明通过营养手段合理配比最佳饲料原料,利用原料中特有的成分来提高肉质的鲜嫩程度和脂肪的有效沉积,进而提升养殖户饲养肉牛带来的经济效益。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的:
一种提高肉牛肉质嫩度和肌间脂肪含量的配方及加工工艺,包括以下步骤,将质量百分比为:蒸汽压片玉米20份、玉米10份、豆粕23份、生物饲料8份、反刍动物专用诱食剂1.9份、精油0.03份、植物提取物0.6份、玉米DDGS10份、玉米蛋白粉20份、发酵糖蜜3.5份、碳酸钙2.5份、有机微量元素0.3份、复合维生素0.17份,将多种原料均匀混合后进行产品制备。
所述的各组分的质量百分比分别为:蒸汽压片玉米20份、玉米10份、豆粕23份、生物饲料8份、反刍动物专用诱食剂1.9份、精油0.03份、植物提取物0.6份、玉米DDGS10份、玉米蛋白粉20份、发酵糖蜜3.5份、碳酸钙2.5份、有机微量元素0.3份、复合维生素0.17份。
本研究通过配比配制成肉牛育肥期饲料,其生产工艺是通过饲料生产设备,应用配料设备、混合设备,调质设备进行加工生产。应用适宜的生产工艺参数蒸汽压力(Mpa)减压前冬季:0.7-0.8,夏季:0.6-0.65,其它:0.6-0.65。冬季:0.35,夏季:0.2,其它:0.3。最佳混合时间(秒)干混时间20s,后混时间60s,混合总时间80s。
本发明适用于肉牛育肥期饲料。
本发明一种提高肉牛肉质嫩度和肌间脂肪含量的配方及加工工艺在黑龙江省宾县宾安进行对比试验:试验组使用本发明研制的一种提高肉牛肉质嫩度和肌间脂肪含量的配方生产的饲料,对照组为不使用这款饲料的育肥期的肉牛。
结果表明:
(1)选取育肥后期体重相近的健康西门塔尔及杂交育肥牛20头,随机均分为对照组及试验组,每组各10头。试验周期预饲期10天,试验期90天,共计100天。
(2)基础日粮组成及营养成分见下表:精粗比4:6,日粮参照NY/T815-2004肉牛饲养标准,体重400kg。
日粮营养成分表DM%
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
(3)通过试验数据得出,与对照组相比,总水的含量差异不显著。试验组肌肉IMF(肌内脂肪)含量显著提高为40.15%,肉牛肌肉的滴水损失为3.56%,蒸煮损失为29.63%低于对照组。试验组和对照组的亮度(L)和红度(a)值差异不显著,试验组肌肉的黄度(b)值为3.57%,高于对照组。同时试验组的牛肉生肉的剪切力为62.72N,低于对照组79.08N。
对牛肉品质的影响结果
项目 试验组 对照组 SEM
总水% 72.37 71.27 0.160
粗蛋白% 22.68 23.30 0.099
IMF% 1.27 1.78 0.059
滴水损失% 4.28 3.56 0.084
蒸煮损失% 33.76 29.63 0.477
肉色(亮度) 28.68 29.01 0.071
肉色(红度) 7.96 8.67 0.091
肉色(黄度) 2.41 3.57 0.133
剪切力(生肉) 79.08 62.72 1.879
(4)从肌肉中脂肪酸组成的影响结果来看,肌肉中的脂肪酸组成试验组棕榈油酸含量为4.88%,高于对照组。硬脂酸和花生酸含量分别为17.07%和0.13%,低于对照组。在牛肉肌肉饱和脂肪酸中,以棕榈酸含量最高。
肌肉中脂肪酸组成的影响结果
项目 试验组 对照组 SEM
饱和脂肪酸SFA 49.42 48.38 0.138
硬脂酸 22.35 17.07 0.608
花生酸 0.22 0.13 0.111
棕榈油酸 4.08 4.88 0.093
本发明与现有技术相比,具有以下优点:
(1)提高牛肉的嫩度和利于肌间脂肪的形成。
(2)减小牛肉的蒸煮损失、失水率、剪切力,增强保水性,改善了牛肉的嫩度。
(3)可以形成良好的乙酸和丙酸的比例,进而改善瘤胃的环境,提高饲料对养分的吸收,使肉质更鲜嫩。
(4)可以清除超氧阴离子和抑制OH-的能力,当机体大量自由基遇上植物提取物中的成分时,自由基很快失去活性。这样肉牛的抗氧化能力增加,达到肉质鲜嫩。
(5)提高了肉牛中饱和脂肪酸含量,影响了肉牛体内脂肪的沉积部位,减少皮下脂肪,显著增加了肌内脂肪的含量,进而提高了大理石花纹的等级。

Claims (7)

1.一种提高肉牛肉质嫩度和肌间脂肪含量的配方及加工工艺,其特征在于:包括以下重量配比的原料:
蒸汽压片玉米20份、玉米10份、豆粕23份、生物饲料8份、反刍动物专用诱食剂1.9份、精油0.03份、植物提取物0.6份、玉米DDGS10份、玉米蛋白粉20份、发酵糖蜜3.5份、碳酸钙2.5份、有机微量元素0.3份、复合维生素0.17份。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种提高肉牛肉质嫩度和肌间脂肪含量的配方及加工工艺,其特征是原料重量配比的范围为:
蒸汽压片玉米18-20份、玉米10-12份、豆粕20-23份、生物饲料8-10份、反刍动物专用诱食剂1.8-2.2份、精油0.03-0.05份、植物提取物0.6-0.8份、玉米DDGS10-12份、玉米蛋白粉18-20份、发酵糖蜜3.0-3.5份、碳酸钙2.0-2.5份、有机微量元素0.2-0.3份、复合维生素0.16-0.18份,将多种原料均匀混合后进行产品制备。
3.根据权利要求1、2所述的一种提高肉牛肉质嫩度和肌间脂肪含量的配方及加工工艺,所述的反刍动物诱食剂主要是指应用于反刍动物提高其采食量的香味剂和甜味剂。
4.根据权利要求1、2所述的一种提高肉牛肉质嫩度和肌间脂肪含量的配方及加工工艺,所述的精油其主要成分是苯酚类物质,其中香芹酚≥4%,百里香酚≥4%,丁香酚≥4%,肉桂醛≥6%。
5.根据权利要求1、2所述的一种提高肉牛肉质嫩度和肌间脂肪含量的配方及加工工艺,所述的植物提取物是金银花提取物,其活性成分如有机酸、挥发油、黄酮类成分。
6.根据权利要求1、2所述的一种提高肉牛肉质嫩度和肌间脂肪含量的配方及加工工艺,其特征是所述发酵糖蜜是适用反刍动物酿酒酵母(含量为1*1010cfu/g)与糖蜜混合发的发酵物。
7.根据权利要求1、2所述的一种提高肉牛肉质嫩度和肌间脂肪含量的配方及加工工艺,其特征是含维生素A 30000-40000IU、维生素E 650-750mg、维生素D 20000-30000IU。
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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