CN112075166B

CN112075166B - Centrifugal small-particle-size seed sowing machine

Info

Publication number: CN112075166B
Application number: CN202010847467.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 苏微; 洪方伟; 赖庆辉
Original assignee: Kunming University of Science and Technology
Current assignee: Kunming University of Science and Technology
Priority date: 2020-08-21
Filing date: 2020-08-21
Publication date: 2021-11-16
Anticipated expiration: 2040-08-21
Also published as: CN112075166A

Abstract

The invention relates to a centrifugal small-grain-size seed sowing machine, which belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery and comprises a rack (1), a wheel shaft (2), a travelling wheel (3), a gear transmission mechanism I (4), a transmission shaft I (5), a gasoline engine (6), a gear transmission mechanism II (7), a helical gear I (8), a seed cylinder (9), a seed distributing device (10), a seed sowing device (11), a mounting plate (12), a rotating shaft (13), a transmission shaft II (14) and a helical gear II (15). Meanwhile, the invention has the advantages of small and light structure and is suitable for seeding in different terrains.

Description

Centrifugal small-particle-size seed sowing machine

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and particularly relates to a centrifugal small-particle-size seed sowing machine.

Background

The small-particle size seeds are crop seeds having an average particle size of the seeds of 5mm or less. For small-grain-size seeds, the operations such as thinning and final singling are carried out after artificial broadcasting is carried out in the traditional planting, the labor intensity is high, the efficiency is low, and the seed consumption is large. The mechanized seeding of the small-particle-size seeds can greatly improve the production efficiency, reduce the planting procedures and save the seeds, and is the inevitable development trend of the seeding of the small-particle-size seeds in the future.

The existing seed sowing devices for sowing seeds with small particle size are of mechanical type and pneumatic type, the mechanical type seed sowing devices are simple in structure, low in machine cost and beneficial to popularization, but serious in seeding missing phenomenon, inaccurate in seed sowing and large in size. The pneumatic seeding apparatus has the advantages of high seeding precision, no damage to seeds, high efficiency and the like, but has higher cost and large turning radius in field operation, and is not suitable for small plot operation in hilly and mountainous areas.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a centrifugal small-grain-size seed sowing machine which can reduce the intensity of manual operation, has the advantages of high seed sowing efficiency, simple structure, low miss-seeding rate and the like, is high in seed sowing efficiency, and is suitable for seed sowing in small plots in vast hilly and mountainous areas in China.

In order to realize the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

a centrifugal small-particle-size seed sowing machine comprises a frame 1, a wheel shaft 2, travelling wheels 3, a gear transmission mechanism I4, a transmission shaft I5, a gasoline engine 6, a gear transmission mechanism II 7, a helical gear I8, a seed cylinder 9, a seed divider 10, a seed sowing device 11, a mounting plate 12, a rotating shaft 13, a transmission shaft II 14 and a helical gear II 15, wherein the lower part of the frame 1 is provided with the wheel shaft 2 through a bearing, the two ends of the wheel shaft 2 are respectively provided with the travelling wheels 3, the gasoline engine 6 is fixedly arranged on the frame 1, a power transmission shaft of the gasoline engine 6 is connected with the transmission shaft I5 through a coupler, and the transmission shaft I5 is connected with the wheel shaft 2 through the gear transmission mechanism I4; transmission shaft II 14 is installed on the upper portion of frame 1, and transmission shaft II 14's one end is passed through gear drive II 7 and is connected with transmission shaft I5, and helical gear II 15 is installed to transmission shaft II 14's the other end, 11 slopes of seed metering ware install in frame 1, install an mounting panel 12 on seed metering ware 11's the upper portion inner wall, install a pivot 13 on the mounting panel 12, the branch kind of ware 10 that is the loop configuration passes through the bearing and installs on pivot 13, helical gear I8 fixed mounting is at the top of branch kind of ware 10, and branch kind of ware 10 and helical gear I8 coaxial arrangement, the wheel hole after-fixing that is columniform kind of a section of thick bamboo 9 passes helical gear I8 is on branch kind of ware 10, helical gear I8 meshes with helical gear II 15, the lower extreme of a kind of a section of thick bamboo 9 is for kind of a kind end, kind of a section of thick bamboo 9's play kind end and branch kind of ware 10 intercommunication.

Further, the seed sowing device 11 comprises a semicircular arc-shaped plate 11-1, an arc-shaped seed guide plate 11-2, a seed discharging plate 11-3, a seed separating plate 11-4, a seed blocking edge plate 11-5 and a seed blocking plate 11-6, wherein a mounting plate 12 is fixedly mounted on the semicircular arc-shaped plate 11-1, a seed discharging channel is reserved between the mounting plate 12 and the semicircular arc-shaped plate 11-1, the seed blocking plate 11-6 is arranged on the semicircular arc-shaped plate 11-1, the circle center of the seed blocking plate 11-6 is concentric with the circle center of the seed dividing device 10, the outer edge of the seed dividing device 10 is tangent to the inner wall of the seed blocking plate 11-6, the diameter of the semicircular arc-shaped plate 11-1 is larger than that of the seed dividing device 10, the arc-shaped seed guide plate 11-2 is arranged at the lower end of the semicircular arc-shaped plate 11-2, the lower end of the arc-shaped seed guide plate 11-2 is provided with the seed discharging plate 11-3, seed baffle side plates 11-5 are respectively arranged on the two side edges of the lower seed plate 11-3, a seed separating plate 11-4 is arranged in the middle of the lower seed plate 11-3, and two seed discharging channels are formed between the seed separating plate 11-4 and the two seed baffle side plates 11-5.

Further, the baffle plate 11-4 is in a herringbone structure.

Furthermore, the bottoms of two seeding channels formed between the seed separating plate 11-4 and the two seed baffle side plates 11-5 are respectively provided with a furrow opener 16.

Further, the seed separator 10 comprises a seed separating disc 10-1, seed separating sheets 10-2 and a cover plate 10-3, the seed separating disc 10-1 is of a circular groove structure, the middle part of the bottom wall of the seed separating disc 10-1 is provided with a shaft hole, the shaft hole is installed on a rotating shaft 13 through a bearing, the seed separating sheets 10-2 are uniformly arranged between the inner wall and the outer wall of the seed separating disc 10-1 along the circumferential direction, a seed outlet cavity 10-4 is formed between two adjacent seed separating sheets 10-2, the inner wall and the outer wall of the seed separating disc 10-1 corresponding to each seed outlet cavity 10-4 are respectively provided with a seed inlet hole 10-5 and a seed outlet hole 10-6, the top of the seed separating disc 10-1 is provided with the cover plate 10-3, the middle part of the cover plate 10-3 is provided with a mounting hole coaxial with the shaft hole, the diameter of the mounting hole is larger than that of the shaft hole, the lower end of the seed cylinder 9 is fixed on the cover plate 10-3, the discharge end of the seed cylinder 9 is opposite to the mounting hole, and a seed homogenizing cavity 10-7 is formed among the inner wall, the bottom wall and the outer wall of the bearing of the seed sorting disc 10-1.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

the invention uses the centrifugal force of the seeds to seed, avoids using other auxiliary seed filling equipment, has simple use and debugging, and can realize seed sowing by giving a power source to rotate the seed divider. Meanwhile, the invention has the advantages of small and light structure and is suitable for seeding in different terrains.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram I of the structure of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram II of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of the present invention with the frame and the moving mechanism removed;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the mounting structure of the seed metering device and the seed divider of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the seed metering device of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view II of the seed metering device of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of a seed dispenser of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the seed separator of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

As shown in figures 1-4, a centrifugal small-particle-size seed sowing machine comprises a frame 1, a wheel shaft 2, a travelling wheel 3, a gear transmission mechanism I4, a transmission shaft I5, a gasoline engine 6, a gear transmission mechanism II 7, a helical gear I8, a seed cylinder 9, a seed divider 10, a seed sowing device 11, a mounting plate 12, a rotating shaft 13, a transmission shaft II 14 and a helical gear II 15,

the lower part of frame 1 install a shaft 2 through the bearing, a walking wheel 3 is installed respectively at the both ends of

shaft

2, 6 fixed mounting of gasoline engine are on frame 1, the power transmission shaft of gasoline engine 6 is connected with transmission shaft I5 through the shaft coupling, transmission shaft I5 is connected with shaft 2 through gear drive mechanism I4. The transmission shaft I5 is driven to rotate through the gasoline engine 6, the transmission shaft I5 drives the wheel shaft 2 to rotate through the gear transmission mechanism I4, so that the wheel shaft 2 provides walking power for the two walking wheels 3, and the whole seeder is driven to walk on a small land in the field or hilly and mountainous areas; be provided with handrail 17 at the lateral part of frame 1, walking wheel 3 is walking the in-process, through the hand handrail 17 of seeding personnel, can guarantee the stability of whole seeder walking.

A transmission shaft II 14 is installed on the upper portion of the rack 1, one end of the transmission shaft II 14 is connected with a transmission shaft I5 through a gear transmission mechanism II 7, a bevel gear II 15 is installed at the other end of the transmission shaft II 14, the seed sowing device 11 is obliquely installed on the rack 1, as shown in figures 5-6, the seed sowing device 11 comprises a semicircular arc-shaped plate 11-1, an arc-shaped seed guide plate 11-2, a seed sowing plate 11-3, a seed separating plate 11-4, a seed separating edge plate 11-5 and a seed separating plate 11-6, an installation plate 12 is fixedly installed on the semicircular arc-shaped plate 11-1, a seed outlet channel is reserved between the installation plate 12 and the semicircular arc-shaped plate 11-1, a rotating shaft 13 is installed on the installation plate 12, a seed separating device 10 in an annular structure is installed on the rotating shaft 13 through a bearing, and the bevel gear I8 is fixedly installed at the top of the seed separating device 10, and the seed divider 10 and the helical gear I8 are coaxially installed, the lower end of the seed cylinder 9 in a circumferential shape penetrates through a wheel hole of the helical gear I8 and then is fixed on the seed divider 10, the helical gear I8 is meshed with the helical gear II 15, the lower end of the seed cylinder 9 is a seed outlet end, and the seed outlet end of the seed cylinder 9 is communicated with the seed divider 10. As shown in figure 7-8, the seed separator 10 comprises a seed separating disc 10-1, seed separating sheets 10-2 and a cover plate 10-3, the seed separating disc 10-1 is of a circular groove structure, the middle part of the bottom wall of the seed separating disc 10-1 is provided with a shaft hole, the shaft hole is arranged on a rotating shaft 13 through a bearing, the seed separating sheets 10-2 are uniformly arranged between the inner wall and the outer wall of the seed separating disc 10-1 along the circumferential direction, a seed outlet cavity 10-4 is formed between two adjacent seed separating sheets 10-2, the inner wall and the outer wall of the seed separating disc 10-1 corresponding to each seed outlet cavity 10-4 are respectively provided with a seed inlet hole 10-5 and a seed outlet hole 10-6, the top of the seed separating disc 10-1 is provided with the cover plate 10-3, the middle part of the cover plate 10-3 is provided with an installation hole coaxial with the shaft hole, the diameter of the mounting hole is larger than that of the shaft hole, the lower end of the seed cylinder 9 is fixed on the cover plate 10-3, the discharge end of the seed cylinder 9 is opposite to the mounting hole, and a seed homogenizing cavity 10-7 is formed among the inner wall, the bottom wall and the outer wall of the bearing of the seed sorting disc 10-1. The semi-circular arc-shaped plate 11-1 is provided with a seed baffle plate 11-6, the circle center of the seed baffle plate 11-6 is concentric with the circle center of the seed separating plate 10-1, the outer edge of the seed separating plate 10-1 is tangent to the inner wall of the seed baffle plate 11-6, and the diameter of the semi-circular arc-shaped plate 11-1 is larger than that of the seed separating plate 10-1. Seeds are loaded into the seed cylinder 9, and the seed cylinder 9 is inclined along with the seed cylinder due to the inclined arrangement of the seed sowing device 11. In the running process of the seeder, the transmission shaft II 14 is driven to rotate by the gear transmission mechanism II 7 connected with the transmission shaft I5, the transmission shaft II 14 drives the bevel gear II 15 to rotate, the bevel gear II 15 drives the bevel gear I8 to rotate, so that the whole seeder 10 and the seeding cylinder 9 are driven to rotate by the bevel gear I8, seeds contained in the seeding cylinder 9 slide down the seeding cylinder 9 into the seed homogenizing chamber 10-7 under the action of self gravity and centrifugal force, then the seeds in the seed homogenizing chamber 10-7 enter the seed outlet chamber 10-4 corresponding to the seed inlet chamber respectively through the corresponding seed inlet holes 10-5 under the action of the centrifugal force of the seeds, and the seeds in the seed homogenizing chamber 10-7 rotated to the upper side of the semicircular arc-shaped plate 11-1 cannot fly out of the seed outlet holes 10-6 under the blocking action of the seed blocking plate 11-6, meanwhile, the outer edge of the seed separating disc 10-1 is tangent to the inner wall of the seed baffle plate 11-6, and seeds cannot be clamped into a gap between the outer wall of the seed separating disc 10-1 and the seed baffle plate 11-6 under the centrifugal action to cause seed clamping. When the seed outlet cavity 10-4 with seeds rotates to one side of the semicircular arc-shaped plate 11-1, as the diameter of the semicircular arc-shaped plate 11-1 is larger than that of the seed separating plate 10-1, and a seed outlet channel is reserved between the mounting plate 12 and the semicircular arc-shaped plate 11-1, the seeds fly out of the seed outlet hole 10-6 close to one side of the semicircular arc-shaped plate 11-1 under the action of centrifugal force generated by rotation of the seed separating device 10, and at the moment, under the blocking action of the semicircular arc-shaped plate 11-1 and the action of self gravity of the seeds, the seeds flying out of the seed outlet cavity 10-4 roll downwards along the obliquely arranged semicircular arc-shaped plate 11-1.

The lower end of the semicircular arc-shaped plate 11-1 is provided with an arc-shaped seed guide plate 11-2, the lower end of the arc-shaped seed guide plate 11-2 is provided with a seed discharge plate 11-3, the side parts of the two sides of the seed discharge plate 11-3 are respectively provided with a seed baffle plate 11-5, the middle part of the seed discharge plate 11-3 is provided with a seed separating plate 11-4, and two seed discharge channels are formed between the seed separating plate 11-4 and the two seed baffle plates 11-5. Seeds falling downwards along the semicircular arc-shaped plate 11-1 enter the seeding plate 11-3 through the arc-shaped seed guide plate 11-2, and under the separation action of the seed separation plate 11-4, the seeds falling from the arc-shaped seed guide plate 11-2 are divided into two paths and are sowed in soil along the two seeding channels.

In the present invention, preferably, the separator plate 11-4 has a herringbone structure; the upper end of the herringbone structure seed separating plate 11-4 is closed, when seeds fall along the arc seed guide plate 11-2, the seeds are uniformly divided into two paths to be sowed in the soil as far as possible through the herringbone structure seed separating plate 11-4 with the closed upper end, and therefore two-path uniform sowing of the seeds is achieved.

In the invention, the bottoms of two seeding channels formed between the seed separating plate 11-4 and the two seed baffle side plates 11-5 are respectively provided with a furrow opener 16. Through setting up two furrow openers 16 and two seed channels and matching, like this, at the in-process of seeder walking, earlier through two furrow openers 16 subaerial two kind ditches of opening, then can just in time fall into two kind ditches along the seed of two seed channels whereabouts to realized ditching and seeding in an organic whole, great saving human cost, improved seeding efficiency and improved the performance of seeder.

The working process of the invention is as follows:

firstly, to wait to sow in putting into a kind section of thick bamboo 9, drive transmission shaft I5 through gasoline engine 6 and rotate, transmission shaft I5 drives shaft 2 through gear drive I4 and rotates to provide walking power for two walking wheels 3 by shaft 2, thereby drive whole seeder and walk on field or hilly mountain area plots. During the running process of the seeder, the two furrow openers 16 open two seed furrows on the ground. In the process, a gear transmission mechanism II 7 connected with a transmission shaft I5 drives a transmission shaft II 14 to rotate, the transmission shaft II 14 drives a bevel gear II 15 to rotate, the bevel gear II 15 drives a bevel gear I8 to rotate, so that the bevel gear I8 drives the whole seed distributing device 10 and the seed cylinder 9 to rotate together, seeds in the seed cylinder 9 slide down into the seed homogenizing chamber 10-7 along the seed cylinder 9 under the action of self gravity and centrifugal force, the seeds in the seed homogenizing chamber 10-7 move towards the outer edge along with the rotation of the seed distributing device 10 and under the action of the centrifugal force, namely, the seeds enter into a seed outlet chamber 10-4 corresponding to the seed inlet chamber 10-5, most of the seeds leave the seed homogenizing chamber 10-7 from the lower edge of the seed outlet chamber 10-6 because the whole seed metering device is in an inclined state, and the seeds leave the seed homogenizing chamber 10-7 and then enter into a semicircular arc-shaped plate 11-1, the seeds roll down along the semicircular arc-shaped plate 11-1 and enter the seeding plate 11-3 through the arc-shaped seed guide plate 11-2, and under the separation action of the seed separating plate 11-4, the seeds falling from the arc-shaped seed guide plate 11-2 are divided into two paths and are sowed into two seed sowing channels along two seed sowing channels.

Finally, it is noted that the above-mentioned preferred embodiments illustrate rather than limit the invention, and that, although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the above-mentioned preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a centrifugal small-size seed planter which characterized in that: the centrifugal small-particle-size seed sowing machine comprises a rack (1), a wheel shaft (2), walking wheels (3), a gear transmission mechanism I (4), a transmission shaft I (5), a gasoline engine (6), a gear transmission mechanism II (7), a helical gear I (8), a seed cylinder (9), a seed divider (10), a seed sowing device (11), a mounting plate (12), a rotating shaft (13), a transmission shaft II (14) and a helical gear II (15), wherein the lower part of the rack (1) is provided with the wheel shaft (2) through a bearing, two ends of the wheel shaft (2) are respectively provided with the walking wheels (3), the gasoline engine (6) is fixedly mounted on the rack (1), a power transmission shaft of the gasoline engine (6) is connected with the transmission shaft I (5) through a coupler, and the transmission shaft I (5) is connected with the wheel shaft (2) through the gear transmission mechanism I (4); a transmission shaft II (14) is installed on the upper portion of the rack (1), one end of the transmission shaft II (14) is connected with a transmission shaft I (5) through a gear transmission mechanism II (7), a helical gear II (15) is installed at the other end of the transmission shaft II (14), the seed sowing device (11) is obliquely installed on the rack (1), an installation plate (12) is installed on the inner wall of the upper portion of the seed sowing device (11), a rotating shaft (13) is installed on the installation plate (12), a seed dividing device (10) in an annular structure is installed on the rotating shaft (13) through a bearing, the helical gear I (8) is fixedly installed at the top of the seed dividing device (10), the seed dividing device (10) and the helical gear I (8) are coaxially installed, the lower end of a cylindrical seed cylinder (9) penetrates through a wheel hole of the helical gear I (8) and then is fixed on the seed dividing device (10), the helical gear I (8) is meshed with the helical gear II (15), the lower end of the seed cylinder (9) is a seed outlet end, and the seed outlet end of the seed cylinder (9) is communicated with the seed divider (10); the seed metering device (11) comprises a semicircular arc-shaped plate (11-1), an arc-shaped seed guide plate (11-2), a seed discharging plate (11-3), a seed separating plate (11-4), a seed blocking edge plate (11-5) and a seed blocking plate (11-6), wherein a mounting plate (12) is fixedly mounted on the semicircular arc-shaped plate (11-1), a seed outlet channel is reserved between the mounting plate (12) and the semicircular arc-shaped plate (11-1), the seed blocking plate (11-6) is arranged on the semicircular arc-shaped plate (11-1), the circle center of the seed blocking plate (11-6) is concentric with the circle center of the seed separator (10), the outer edge of the seed separator (10) is tangent to the inner wall of the seed blocking plate (11-6), the diameter of the semicircular arc-shaped plate (11-1) is larger than that of the seed separator (10), the arc-shaped seed guide plate (11-2) is arranged at the lower end of the semicircular arc-shaped plate (11-1), a seed discharge plate (11-3) is arranged at the lower end of the arc-shaped seed guide plate (11-2), seed blocking side plates (11-5) are respectively arranged at the two side edges of the seed discharge plate (11-3), a seed separating plate (11-4) is arranged in the middle of the seed discharge plate (11-3), and two seed discharge channels are formed between the seed separating plate (11-4) and the two seed blocking side plates (11-5); the seed separator (10) comprises a seed separating disc (10-1), seed separating discs (10-2) and a cover plate (10-3), wherein the seed separating disc (10-1) is of a circular groove structure, a shaft hole is formed in the middle of the bottom wall of the seed separating disc (10-1) and is installed on a rotating shaft (13) through a bearing, the seed separating discs (10-2) are uniformly arranged between the inner wall and the outer wall of the seed separating disc (10-1) along the circumferential direction, a seed outlet cavity (10-4) is formed between every two adjacent seed separating discs (10-2), a seed inlet hole (10-5) and a seed outlet hole (10-6) are respectively formed in the inner wall and the outer wall of the seed separating disc (10-1) corresponding to each seed outlet cavity (10-4), the cover plate (10-3) is arranged at the top of the seed separating disc (10-1), the middle part of the cover plate (10-3) is provided with a mounting hole coaxial with the shaft hole, the diameter of the mounting hole is larger than that of the shaft hole, the lower end of the seed cylinder (9) is fixed on the cover plate (10-3), the discharge end of the seed cylinder (9) is right opposite to the mounting hole, and a seed homogenizing cavity (10-7) is formed among the inner wall and the bottom wall of the seed distributing disc (10-1) and the outer wall of the bearing.

2. The centrifugal small particle size seed planter as claimed in claim 1 wherein: the baffle plates (11-4) are in a herringbone structure.

3. The centrifugal small particle size seed planter as claimed in claim 1 wherein: the bottoms of two seeding channels formed between the seed separating plate (11-4) and the two seed blocking side plates (11-5) are respectively provided with a furrow opener (16).